A questionnaire to assess the generic and disease-specific health outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C

A 69-item questionnaire measuring generic functioning and well-being and disease-specific health outcomes was developed and tested using the pre-treatment data from patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) participating in two randomized trials of interferon -2b (n = 157). The questionnaire included all eight scales from the SF-36 and measures of nine other generic and disease-specific health concepts. Psychometric tests confirmed the assumptions underlying the construction and scoring of all generic and disease-specific scales. Cross-sectional tests of known groups validity showed that CHC patients scored worse on the generic scales than patients with other chronic conditions and worse than a healthy general population. The generic and disease-specific scale scores were lower in the presence of physical findings of CHC, as hypothesized, but only the physical functioning and bodily pain scales were linked to cirrhosis or extreme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratios. This instrument will be useful in studies of health outcome among patients with CHC, a condition whose health burden appears to have been underestimated in studies to date.     

<内经>各学术流派概述

《内经》中存在着多种学术流派,其学派划分方法目前有两种,即以《内经》中的医家名称为纲和以各专题中的不同学说为纲划分。这两种方法均存在不足之处。以阴阳、五行为纲来探讨《内经》中的医学流派应是今后研究的方向之一。     

A Kiswahili version of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tanzania: translation and tests of scaling assumptions

The objective of the study was to translate and adapt the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tanzania and to test the psychometric properties of the Kiswahili SF-36. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a household survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The IQOLA method of forward and backward translation was used to translate the SF-36 into Kiswahili. The translated questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers to 3,802 adults (50% women, mean (SD) age 31 (13) years, 50% married and 60% with primary education). Data quality and psychometric assumptions underlying the scoring of the eight SF-36 scales were evaluated for the entire sample and separately for the least educated subgroup (n=402), using multitrait scaling analysis. Forward and backward translation procedures resulted in a Kiswahili SF-36 that was considered conceptually equivalent to the US English SF-36. Data quality was excellent: only 1.2% of respondents were excluded because they answered less than half of the items for one or more scales; ninety percent of respondents answered mutually exclusive items consistently. Median item–scale correlations across the eight scales ranged from 0.47 to 0.81 for the entire sample. Median scaling success rates were 100% (range 87.5–100.0). The median internal consistency reliability of the eight scales for the entire sample was 0.81 (range 0.70–0.92). Floor effects were low and ceiling effects were high on five of the eight scales. Results for n=402 people without formal education did not differ substantially from those of the entire sample. The results of data quality and psychometric tests support the scoring of the eight scales using standard scoring algorithms. The Kiswahili translation of the SF-36 may be useful in estimating the health of people in Dar es Salaam. Evidence for the validity of the SF-36 for use in Tanzania needs to be accumulated.     

我国南方武警官兵卫生服务需求分析

目的：探讨武警部队基层官兵卫生服务需求状况及疾病构成。方法：采用国际通用的两周健康询问调查法对淮河以南地区的7个省、自治区总队的1457名武警基层官兵的卫生服务需求进行了问卷调查。数据采用WinSAS6．11统计软件包分析。结呆;两周患病率在武警部队三类支队,干部与战士之间无差异（P＞0．05）;慢性病患病率随军龄延长而升高,存在非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。武警部队官兵两周患病以呼吸系统、传染病和寄生虫病为主;慢性病以骨骼肌肉系统、消化系统疾病为主。结论;南方武警官方的卫生服务需求高于我国城市与农村居民;传染病与社会、心理、行为因素所致的某些非传染性疾病共同成为官兵健康的主要威胁,提示武警部队可能存在潜在的职业性危害因素。     

某艺术中专学生营养知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的 了解艺术中专学生的营养知识、态度、行为状况，为进行学生营养教育提供参考。方法 采用KAP问卷对衡阳艺术学校一、二、三年级408名学生进行营养知识、态度及饮食行为等三方面的调查。结果 艺术中专学生具有一定的营养知识。营养知识测试中三年级成绩好于一、二年级。营养知识主要来源于家长和广播电视。大部分学生有端正的营养态度及良好的饮食习惯，但也存在不定时定量进食、常吃零食及油炸食品等不良饮食行为。结论 艺术中专学校要加强对学生营养知识教育，采用多种形式不断宣传营养知识，使学生养成良好饮食行为。     

妇幼保健人员艾滋病知识态度调查

目的 :了解深圳市妇幼保健人员艾滋病的知识了解情况 ,为进一步做好预防与控制艾滋病及培训工作提供依据。方法 :随机选择 4家医院妇幼保健医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 :(1)调查对象对安全套 ,共用注射针头及输血与艾滋病传播的关系等回答正确率较高 ,而对蚊虫叮咬、母婴传播等问题回答正确率较低。 (2 )相当部分医务人员对 HIV感染者不愿意提供医疗服务。结论 :妇幼保健人员的艾滋病知识不足 ,迫切需要进一步的专业培训 ,同时要宣传对 HIV感染者 (病人 )的关怀政策     

The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Psychiatric Impairment for a Taiwanese Community Post-Earthquake

This purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and psychiatric impairment in a Taiwanese community located near the epicenter of the 1999 earthquake, as assessed four to six months after the natural catastrophe. Trained assistants interviewed the 4223 respondents using the disaster-related psychological screening test (DRPST), an instrument specifically designed and validated by senior psychiatrists for assessment of psychiatric impairment after natural catastrophe. Additionally, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate quality of life. The collected results were analyzed using Windows SPSS 10.0 software. Psychiatric impairment rated moderate to severe was assessed for 1448 (34.3%) of the responding residents. The 4223 respondents were divided into 4 psychiatric-impairment groups based on DPRST score: healthy (n = 952); mild impairment (n = 1823); moderate impairment (n = 1126); and, severe impairment (n = 322). The four groups were compared for a number of salient factors, including gender, age, current marital status and psychiatric-impairment score, to determine impact on quality of life. Respondents assessed as psychiatrically impaired tended to be older, female, divorced/widowed, and less educated, and they were more likely to have experienced major familial financial loss as an immediate consequence of the earthquake. Further, the greater the severity of the psychiatric impairment, the lower the scores for quality of life, for both the physical and mental aspects of this important general indicator.     

Construct Validity of the EQ-5D in Low-Income Chinese American Primary Care Patients

OBJECTIVES: Although the EQ-5D has been used with increasing frequency to measure health-related quality of life, to date, the measure's validity has not been examined in Chinese American immigrants. We evaluated the construct validity of the EQ-5D by testing its performance with respect to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population and comparing responses on the EQ dimensions with the SF-36 subscales. METHODS: The study surveyed low-income Chinese patients attending a community health center in New York City's Chinatown. Participants received self-administered versions of the EQ-5D and SF-36 and additional questions regarding demographic and clinical information. RESULTS: 856 patients were approached and data were collected from 523 patients (61%). Analysis of the EQ-5D responses by sociodemographic and clinical variables found significant differences among categories of age, gender, marital status, number of medical problems, self-rated health, and specific medical problems. Correlations between similar dimensions and subscale scores were stronger between the two measures than dissimilar ones. Patients without impairments on a given EQ dimension tended to have higher SF-36 subscale scores than patients reporting 'any' impairment (i.e. some/moderate or severe). CONCLUSIONS: The results provide initial support for the construct validity of the EQ-5D in our sample. Further studies should compare the performance of the EQ-5D with other preference-based measures in Chinese persons and examine the valuations that both low-income and Chinese persons place on core aspects of health.     

河源市高氟区改水降氟效果调查分析

目的 :通过对河源市各高氟区饮用水、灌溉水、土壤、稻谷氟含量的测定及 8～ 15岁儿童氟斑牙患病率的调查 ,评价改水降氟效果 ,为加快改水降氟步伐提供科学依据。方法 :水氟含量测定采用氟离子选择电极法进行检测 ,土壤氟测定用水浸 -电极法 ,稻谷氟测定用酸浸 -电极法 ;儿童氟斑牙诊断采用三型九度法。结果 :河源市高氟区经改水降氟后 ,水氟含量为 (0 .12± 0 .0 38～ 1.99± 3.97) mg/ L,较改水前有明显下降 ;但灌溉水、土壤及稻谷中氟含量均有部分超标 ,超标倍数范围分别为 0 .0 3～ 9.19、2 .5 8～ 12 .2 8、2 .79～ 8.72 ,超标率分别为 5 0 %、6 0 %、70 % ;通过 t检验或秩和检验 ,灌溉水与稻谷、土壤与稻谷中的氟含量比较均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。改水后 ,紫金、龙川、和平及东源 4县 8～ 15岁儿童氟斑牙患病率均下降 ,分别由改水前的 79.6 %、86 .1%、96 .7%、80 .8%下降到 37.6 %、5 6 .0 %、71.0 %、6 4 .2 % ,但源城区则没有变化 ,改水前后均高达 10 0 %。结论 :河源市各高氟区改水降氟有明显效果 ,但改水工作各地不平衡 ,改水年份差别较大 ,仍有部分镇、村饮水氟含量较高 ,氟斑牙患病率高居不下。     

芜湖市公共场所从业人员艾滋病知识知晓情况调查

目的 了解目前本市艾滋病知识宣传所取得的效果以及存在的主要问题，探索艾滋病防治策略。方法 2004年1至12月份连续对到市疾病预防控制中心进行健康体检的各类公共场所从业人员对艾滋病知识知晓情况进行调查。结果 被调查的4700人中艾滋病知识得分在60分以上的4430人，占94．26％，平均知晓率83．72％；全部回答正确的仅370人，占7.87％；传播途径知晓率较低，占45．74％；四种常见预防艾滋病感染措施的知晓率很低，占28．09％。结论 艾滋病知识宣传教育工作还很不够，远未普及，大部分人对艾滋病的防治知识了解还很片面，知其一而不知其二的情况尤其突出，我们要利用各种时机、各种形式、各种媒体持之以恒地开展艾滋病的宣传教育，应大力提倡新闻媒体开展公益性广告宣传。