参苓白术散在慢性鼻窦炎术后的临床应用研究

目的：观察参苓白术散在慢性鼻窦炎术后的临床应用,为从黏膜免疫学角度阐释“培土生金法”理论提供依据.方法：将60例肺脾气虚型慢性鼻窦炎功能性鼻内镜术后患者随机分为两组,均接受功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术,术后清除鼻内分泌物,控制感染及类固醇激素治疗.实验组术后第1天开始口服参苓白术散,拆除纱条后开始行鼻腔雾化吸入治疗.结果：术后8～12周,试验组各指标与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：培土生金法能有效控制慢性鼻窦炎功能性鼻内镜术后各项症状,缓解鼻腔黏膜水肿,加快黏膜上皮化.     

从肾虚血瘀论治骨关节炎的临证体会

骨关节炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)是老年性的退行性关节疾患,其临床以负重关节疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利为特征。本病属于痹证范畴,多以肾气亏虚为本,瘀血痹阻为标,二者相互影响贯穿骨关节炎的始终。广安门医院院内制剂牛膝健步颗粒,结合名老中医多年经验,并参考现代药理学成果,以补肾壮骨,活血化瘀为其主要治法,临床效果良好。     

健脾益肾中药对HIV特异性T细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨健脾益肾中药对HIV/AIDS患者、HIV感染者特异性T细胞免疫功能的影响。方法从2010年6月—2012年6月在北京佑安医院随访的HIV/AIDS感染者中随机抽出健脾益肾中药联合高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（highly active anti-retroviral therapy, HAART）治疗组患者20例,单独HAART治疗组患者23例。检测CD4＋T淋巴细胞绝对计数及病毒载量,同时使用HIV全基因重叠多肽作为刺激抗原,应用酶联免疫斑点实验（enzyme-linked immunospot,ELISPOT）技术测定两组HIV特异性T淋巴细胞免疫反应强度。结果两组CD4＋T淋巴细胞绝对计数及病毒载量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。与单独HAART治疗组比较,健脾益肾中药联合HAART治疗组患者的HIV特异性T细胞免疫应答强度明显增强,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随着治疗时间的延长（6、12、18、24个月）,健脾益肾中药联合HAART组HIV特异性T细胞有增强的趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论健脾益肾中药治疗可增强HIV/AIDS患者HIV特异性T细胞免疫功能。     

浅析健脾益肾在 COPD稳定期治疗中的重要作用

COPD为临床常见慢性肺系疾病,主要表现为不可逆的持续性气流受限。脾肾二脏在COPD发病、转归过程中具有重要地位,其稳定期中医以肺脾肾虚衰为主。本文从传统中医角度对肺与脾、肺与肾的相关性进行探讨,强调了COPD稳定期健脾益肾的重要作用。     

The impact of hip strengthening and/or neuromuscular control on frontal plane knee kinematics and kinetics in females: a systematic review

Background: Physical therapists commonly treat individuals with anterior knee pain (AKP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Despite the suggestion for including hip strengthening or neuromuscular control exercises in preventative programs to change knee mechanics and reduce AKP and ACL injuries and in the treatment of AKP, no previous systematic review has addressed the impact of these exercises on frontal plane knee mechanics.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the level of evidence associated with hip strengthening or neuromuscular control exercises as an intervention to improve frontal plane knee mechanics during dynamic activity in females.

Methods: Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL Plus with full text, and SportDiscus with full text; specific search terms were used. All studies were to include females without any current knee pain or injury. Studies had to investigate the impact of a hip strengthening or a hip neuromuscular control program or a combination of strengthening and neuromuscular control. The primary outcome measure of interest was frontal plane knee mechanics.

Results: A total of 414 articles were identified. Eight additional articles were identified using other sources. Fourteen studies were ultimately included in the qualitative analysis. There was support for neuromuscular control exercises as well as neuromuscular control plus strengthening exercises to improve frontal plane knee mechanics during dynamic activity in females. Strengthening alone was not supported.

Conclusion: Clinically, one should consider either a neuromuscular control program or a combined neuromuscular control plus strength training program for females to improve frontal plane knee mechanics during dynamic activity. This may be particularly relevant in prevention of ACL injuries and AKP.     

戒烟门诊强化心理行为干预的临床戒烟效果

目的 探讨戒烟门诊应用伐尼克兰联合强化心理行为干预的临床戒烟效果以及分析戒烟成功预测指标.方法 将2009年3月至2010年9月复旦大学附属中山医院“吸烟及其相关疾病门诊”进行戒烟咨询和干预者作为研究对象,筛选合适对象,分为加强随访组和普通随访组,主要观察第9～12周持续戒断率,应用logistic回归模型进行戒烟成功预测指标分析.结果 戒烟门诊烟草依赖患者应用伐尼克兰联合强化干预治疗第9～12周持续总体戒断率为52.3％,加强随访组60.9％ (28/46),普通随访组46.2％ (30/65),主要不良反应为恶心(39.6％,44/111),睡眠差和梦境异常(17.1％,19/111),均可耐受,戒断症状少.戒烟准备程度和服药时间可作为戒烟成功预测指标.结论 伐尼克兰联合心理行为干预临床戒断率高,强化心理行为干预更明显增加成功率,是戒烟门诊很好的治疗方案,充分戒烟准备和规律足疗程服药能进一步提高戒烟成功率.     

Pro-equity immunization and health systems strengthening strategies in select Gavi-supported countries

BackgroundAchieving universal immunization coverage and reaching every child with life-saving vaccines will require the implementation of pro-equity immunization strategies, especially in poorer countries. Gavi-supported countries continue to implement and report strategies that aim to address implementation challenges and improve equity. This paper summarizes the first mapping of these strategies from country reports.MethodsThirteen Gavi-supported countries were purposively selected with emphasis on Gavi’s priority countries. Following a scoping of different documents submitted to Gavi by countries, 47 Gavi Joint Appraisals (JAs) for the period 2016–2019 from the 13 selected countries were included in the mapping. We used a consolidated framework synthesized from 16 different equity and health systems frameworks, which incorporated UNICEF’s coverage and equity assessment approach – an adaptation of the Tanahashi model. Using search terms, the mapping was conducted using a combination of manual search and the MAXQDA qualitative analysis tool. Pro-equity strategies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and compiled in an Excel database, and then populated on a tableau visualization dashboard.ResultsIn total, 258 pro-equity strategies were implemented by the 13 sampled Gavi-supported countries between 2016 and 2019. The framework determinants of social norms, utilization, and management and coordination accounted for more than three-quarters of all pro-equity strategies implemented in these countries. The median number of strategies reported per country was 17. Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Uganda reported the highest number of strategies that we considered as pro-equity.ConclusionFindings from this mapping can be useful in addressing equity gaps, reaching partially immunized, and ‘zero-dose’ vaccinated children, and valuable resource for countries planning to implement pro-equity strategies, especially as immunization stakeholders reimagine immunization delivery in light of COVID-19, and as Gavi finalizes its fifth organizational strategy. Future efforts should seek to identify pro-equity strategies being implemented across additional countries, and to assess the extent to which these strategies have improved immunization coverage and equity.     

如何撰写高质量的流行病学研究论文第六讲观察性营养流行病学研究报告规范(STROBE-nut)

如何提高观察性营养流行病学研究的报告质量是当前的一个关注热点。“加强观察性流行病学研究报告质量——营养流行病学研究（Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology,STROBE-nut）”以STROBE声明为基础进行了扩展,补充说明了营养流行病学和膳食评价领域的相关问题,从而为如何加强该领域中观察性研究的报告质量提供了指导。本文旨在介绍STROBE-nut并对新增条目中的一些要点进行解读,同时结合实例说明STROBE-nut条目清单在实际中的应用。     

温针刺结合健脾祛痰法治疗体重正常型多囊卵巢综合征效果及对性激素、胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 探究温针刺结合健脾祛痰法对体重正常型多囊卵巢综合征治疗疗效及分子生物学指标变化.方法 选取2015年2月-2016年2月收治的多囊卵巢综合征患者90例,随机分为对照组与观察组,各45例.对照组采用苍附导痰汤治疗,观察组采用温针刺结合苍附导痰汤治疗,共治疗3个月.比较两组治疗前后子宫内膜及卵泡情况,空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2h血糖,餐后2h胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),性激素变化,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、抵抗素、脂联素水平及胰岛素受体底物-l(IRS-1)和细胞外信号调节激酶-2(ERK-2)基因相对表达情况.结果 治疗后对照组子宫内膜厚度、成熟卵泡数量、促卵泡生成素和脂联素水平高于治疗前,而FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、睾酮、黄体酮、泌乳素、TNF-α及抵抗素水平低于治疗前(P＜0.05).治疗后观察组子宫内膜厚度、卵泡数量、促卵泡生成素、脂联素和IRS-1相对表达量均高于治疗前和对照组,而FPG、FINS、餐后2h血糖、餐后2h胰岛素、HOMA-1R、睾酮、黄体酮、泌乳素、TNF-α、抵抗素和ERK-2相对表达量均低于治疗前和对照组(P＜0.05).结论 温针刺结合健脾祛痰法治疗体重正常型多囊卵巢综合征患者疗效明显,能够调节体内性激素水平,增强胰岛素敏感性,推测其机制可能引血清TNF-α及抵抗素水平降低、脂联素水平升高有关,同时还可能与抑制MAPK/ERK通路激活,抑制IRS-1丝氨酸磷酸化有关.