Intraarterial pressure gradients after randomized angioplasty or stenting of iliac artery lesions

Purpose To determine initial technical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent procedures in the iliac artery, mean intraarterial pressure gradients were recorded before and after each procedure. Methods We randomly assigned 213 patients with typical intermittent claudication to primary stent placement (n=107) or primary PTA (n=106), with subsequent stenting in the case of a residual mean pressure gradient of >10 mmHg (n=45). Eligibility criteria included angiographic iliac artery stenosis (>50% diameter reduction) and/or a peak systolic velocity ratio >2.5 on duplex examination. Mean intraarterial pressures were simultaneously recorded above and below the lesion, at rest and also durign vasodilatation in the case of a resting gradient ≤10 mmHg. Results Pressure gradients in the primary stent group were 14.9±10.4 mmHg before and 2.9±3.5 mmHg after stenting. Pressure gradients in the primary PTA group were 17.3±11.3 mmHg pre-PTA, 4.2±5.4 mmHg post-PTA, and 2.5±2.8 mmHg after selective stenting. Compared with primary stent placement, PTA plus selective stent placement avoided application of a stent in 63% (86/137) of cases, resulting in a considerable cost saving. Conclusion Technical results of primary stenting and PTA plus selective stenting are similar in terms of residual pressure gradients.     

Mapping spatial and temporal changes in carotid atherosclerosis from three-dimensional ultrasound images

This study was designed to evaluate changes in carotid atherosclerosis using plaque and wall thickness maps derived from three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) images. Five subjects with carotid stenosis were scanned at baseline and 3 mo as part of a placebo-controlled intensive statin treatment study and three subjects with moderate atherosclerosis were scanned at baseline and again within 14 +/- 2 d. 3DUS-derived vessel wall volume (VWV) was measured using manual segmentation to provide segmentation contours that were used to generate scan and rescan carotid atherosclerosis thickness maps and thickness difference maps. There was no significant difference in VWV between scan and rescan for the three subjects scanned twice in 2 wk or the single subject treated with placebo. There was a significant difference between scan and rescan VWV for carotid stenosis subjects treated with atorvastatin (p < 0.001). Carotid atherosclerosis thickness difference maps showed visual qualitative evidence of thickness changes in vessel wall and plaque thickness in the common carotid artery for all statin-treated subjects and no change in a placebo-treated subject and subjects scanned twice in 2 wk. Carotid atherosclerosis thickness difference maps generated from 3DUS images provide evidence of vessel wall and plaque thickness changes for all subjects assessed.     

椎动脉起始部重度狭窄患者支架置入与药物治疗的疗效比较

目的观察比较重度椎动脉起始部狭窄患者支架置人治疗的疗效是否优于单纯药物治疗。方法选择127例椎动脉起始部重度狭窄（≥70％）的患者,分为支架置入组52例和药物治疗组75例,比较两组患者再发后循环缺血事件的随访结果。两组患者平均随访（18．3±10．9）个月。结果支架置入组再次发生后循环缺血事件1例（1．9％）,药物治疗组再次发生后循环缺血事件14例（18．6％）。结论椎动脉起始部重度狭窄患者支架置入治疗疗效优于药物治疗。     

十二指肠镜治疗胆道术后并发症34例分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜在治疗胆道手术术后并发症中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析近10年(2000年1月～2010年1月)胆道手术术后并发症在我院行十二指肠镜治疗34例病例。胆总管残余结石行乳头括约肌切开及气囊扩张术取石23例;胆漏行鼻胆管引流(ENBD)治疗7例,其中LC术后胆漏5例,胆道探查引起胆瘘2例;胆管狭窄行胆管球囊扩张,放置胆管塑料内支架2例;肝门胆管癌术后再狭窄及胆道术后胆道不通行金属支架治疗2例。结果 23例胆总管残余结石患者经乳头括约肌切开及气囊扩张术取石,其中有5例经碎石操作取净结石。7例胆漏患者经鼻胆管引流2~3周后胆漏闭合,无严重并发症发生。2例胆管狭窄患者经胆管球囊扩张、放置胆管内支架治愈。2例恶性肿瘤患者安置金属支架一年内未发生胆管炎。结论十二指肠镜在治疗胆道术后并发症中具有重要应用价值,是胆总管残余结石、胆漏及胆管狭窄和恶性梗阻治疗的很好方法。     

肝胆管结石术后疗效观察

按本文提出的病型分类方法对121例肝胆管结石进行术后随访,结果表明:肝内、上部、下部胆管狭窄型及胆管无狭窄型分别以肝叶切除、肝门部狭窄胆管切除或整形胆肠吻合、胆总管空肠吻合或Oddi括约肌成形、胆总管切开取石术为基本术式,术后疗效较好。多数病例术后残余结石长期存在,肝功能恢复与残余结石有直接关系。     

十二指肠镜治疗胆道术后并发症34例分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜在治疗胆道手术术后并发症中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析近10年（2000年1月～2010年1月）胆道手术术后并发症在我院行十二指肠镜治疗34例病例。胆总管残余结石行乳头括约肌切开及气囊扩张术取石23例;胆漏行鼻胆管引流（ENBD）治疗7例,其中LC术后胆漏5例,胆道探查引起胆瘘2例;胆管狭窄行胆管球囊扩张,放置胆管塑料内支架2例;肝门胆管癌术后再狭窄及胆道术后胆道不通行金属支架治疗2例。结果 23例胆总管残余结石患者经乳头括约肌切开及气囊扩张术取石,其中有5例经碎石操作取净结石。7例胆漏患者经鼻胆管引流2~3周后胆漏闭合,无严重并发症发生。2例胆管狭窄患者经胆管球囊扩张、放置胆管内支架治愈。2例恶性肿瘤患者安置金属支架一年内未发生胆管炎。结论十二指肠镜在治疗胆道术后并发症中具有重要应用价值,是胆总管残余结石、胆漏及胆管狭窄和恶性梗阻治疗的很好方法。     

颈动脉狭窄成形术中的支架和脑保护装置选择

颈动脉狭窄是缺血性脑卒中的主要发病原因之一，而颈动脉支架及其脑保护装置是经血管内治疗颈动脉狭窄的有益材料。通过了解和熟悉不同类型的支架和脑保护装置的特点、特性、应用方法和并发症预防．有助于提高颈动脉狭窄成形治疗的临床水平。     

静脉和冠状动脉内三磷酸腺苷和腺苷对冠状动脉血流和血压动力学影响的比较(英文)

<正> Background Measurements of Doppler derived coronaryflow reserve (CFR) and pressure derived fractional flow re-serve (FFR) for coronary stenosis assessment depend on theinduction of maximal hyperemia. Adenosine is the most wide-ly used pharmacological agent but is expensive and poorlytolerated by some patients.Methods and Results The objective of this study was to testthe equivalency of adenosine 5’-triphosphate(ATP) to adeno-sine in their ability to cause maximal hyperemia as comparedwith the hyperemic response of complete coronary occlusion     

经皮血管成形术治疗内瘘管狭窄

目的 应用经皮血管成形术(PTA)治疗动静脉内接管狭窄，探讨治疗内接管狭窄的新途径。方法 血液透析患者两例，均出现血液透析时内接管血流量不足。选择患者肘动脉为穿刺点，18G针头为穿刺针，0．09cm导丝，7F鞘管，优微显为造影剂。造影确定狭窄部位后，选择与紧邻狭窄区上游或下游的正常血管直径相近的扩张气囊，将扩张气囊在荧屏监视下置于狭窄区，用充满50％稀释的造影剂的压力计进行充气，压力缓慢增加致狭窄在气囊作用下消失，其边缘与未狭窄部位完全平行。扩张持续时间为15秒，压力为15个大气压。结果 经皮腔内血管成形术后，即感血管震颤较扩张前明显增强，第二天透析时血流量明显增加，可完全满足透析需要。接管使用半年余，血流量持续维持在2Mmymjn，未发生扩张部位再狭窄。结论 PTA是治疗动静脉内瘘狭窄的有效方法之一，操作简单，创伤小，可选择适宜患者采用。