载脂蛋白E（apoE）和脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）双基因敲除小鼠（apoE^-／-／LPL^＋/-）用于大豆异黄酮调血脂作用研究

目的探讨大豆异黄酮提取物对高胆固醇合并高甘油三酯血症基因工程小鼠的调血脂作用。方法高脂饮食条件下,以C57BL／6成年小鼠10只（65,早5）为正常对照,载脂蛋白E和脂蛋白脂酶双基因缺陷（apoE^-／-／LPL^＋/-）成年小鼠（ELK小鼠）40只（620,早20）,随机分为4组：高脂模型组,每天200mg/kg大豆异黄酮提取物,每周阳性对照药0．5mg／kg尼尔雌醇和每天20mg/kg洛伐他汀灌胃组。连续灌胃给药4周,测定血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血糖含量。结果与C57BL／6空白对照组相比,ELK高脂模型组小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL—c含量均极显著增高（P〈0．01）。与高脂模型组相比,大豆异黄酮给药4周可显著降低ELK小鼠血清TG含量（P〈0．05）,同时使血清HDL—c增加9．3％,而洛伐他汀和尼尔雌醇组分别降低了13．5％和8．7％;高脂诱导的ELK小鼠血清TC、LDL—c水平极度增高,大豆异黄酮、洛伐他汀和尼尔雌醇均不能显著降低TC、LDL-c含量（P〉0．05）。结论大豆异黄酮有明显调血脂作用。     

大豆提取物抗氧化作用研究

目的:观察大豆提取物对12月龄大鼠抗氧化系统作用的影响.方法:选用SD雄性健康12月龄大鼠,随机分成空白对照组和低、中、高剂量4组.空白对照组给予无菌水,实验组每日分别灌服32、63、190 mg/kg剂量的大豆提取物,连续35 d.第36 d经眼眶取血,测定血清过氧化脂质丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、肝组织中脂褐质含量.结果:与空白对照组比较,中、高剂量组大鼠血清MDA含量、肝脏中脂褐质含量显著降低,高剂量组血清SOD活力升高.结论:大豆提取物具有明显的抗氧化作用.     

Decades of Genetic Research on Soybean mosaic virus Resistance in Soybean

This review summarizes the history and current state of the known genetic basis for soybean resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and examines how the integration of molecular markers has been utilized in breeding for crop improvement. SVM causes yield loss and seed quality reduction in soybean based on the SMV strain and the host genotype. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of SMV–soybean interactions and the genes conferring resistance to SMV has been a focus of intense research interest for decades. Soybean reactions are classified into three main responses: resistant, necrotic, or susceptible. Significant progress has been achieved that has greatly increased the understanding of soybean germplasm diversity, differential reactions to SMV strains, genotype–strain interactions, genes/alleles conferring specific reactions, and interactions among resistance genes and alleles. Many studies that aimed to uncover the physical position of resistance genes have been published in recent decades, collectively proposing different candidate genes. The studies on SMV resistance loci revealed that the resistance genes are mainly distributed on three chromosomes. Resistance has been pyramided in various combinations for durable resistance to SMV strains. The causative genes are still elusive despite early successes in identifying resistance alleles in soybean; however, a gene at the Rsv4 locus has been well validated.     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定常用植物油料中胆固醇含量

目的:建立测定植物油料(油菜籽、花生、黄豆、玉米、芝麻)中胆固醇含量的超高液相-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。方法:样品经皂化后用石油醚-乙醚(1∶1)提取,以2,2,3,4,4,6-d6胆固醇为内标,Waters ACQUITYUPLCBEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱为分析柱,含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式,多反应检测方式测定。胆固醇和内标离子检测对m/z分别为369.2→146.9,369.2→160.9和375.2→166.5。结果:胆固醇在0.05μg.ml-1～10μg.ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),最小检出量为0.1 ng,方法回收率为106%。结论:本方法具有良好的灵敏度、准确度及专属性,可用于植物油料中胆固醇含量测定。     

我国大豆异黄酮保健食品的概况分析

目的 探讨目前我国大豆异黄酮保健食品在原料配伍、使用剂量及保健功能等方面的特点以及可能存在的问题,为进一步完善大豆异黄酮类产品的审批提供参考和依据.方法 通过查询国家食品药品监督管理局保健食品审评数据库以及查阅相关注册审评档案,对我国2006年底以前批准的大豆异黄酮保健食品的注册审批情况进行描述性统计分析,分析其原料、剂型、保健功能、食用量、功效成分/标志性成分及质量标准、检验方法 等有关信息.结果 共分析127个大豆异黄酮保健食品,产品涉及91种原料和9项保健功能;96.1%的产品是由大豆异黄酮/大豆提取物与其他原料配伍而成的,3味及以上原料配伍的产品占总产品的89.0%;增加骨密度、抗氧化/延缓衰老两项功能占全部功能总教的60%(106/175).产品中大豆异黄酮撮入量范围为0.02-220.80mg/d.均值为56.88mg/d.剂型以片剂(28.3%)、胶囊(66.1%)为主.结论 我国大豆异黄酮保健食品具有大豆异黄酮摄入量范围较大、保健功能范围较广、原料配伍较为复杂、产品剂型较为单一的特点.这与国内外无统一的大豆异黄酮原料标准、生产工艺、功效作用、食用剂量及检测方法 等有关.应尽快制定大豆异黄酮或大豆提取物行业标准和/或国家标准.     

运动和高脂肪饮食对大鼠体重和代谢的比较研究

目的对比研究运动和不同高脂肪饮食对大鼠体重和代谢的作用.方法选用幼鼠给予鱼油、棕榈油、大豆油制成的高脂肪饮食,饲养9个月随机分为两组：静坐组和运动组.运动组大鼠持续6周游泳训练,最后一次训练结束24 h后猝死动物,观察体重、胰岛素、血糖、I/G比值和瘦素水平.结果高脂肪大豆饮食大鼠的体重和胰岛素抵抗增加较其他油类饮食的大鼠明显.高脂肪鱼油饮食大鼠体重和胰岛素敏感性与低脂肪饮食的大鼠没有显著差异.结论大豆油、棕榈油的高脂饮食和运动在减少血胰岛素、甘油三酯和瘦素水平,改善胰岛素敏感性中发挥有益的作用.     

大豆光敏不育系88-428的小孢子和花粉发育的细胞学观察

以普通栽种黄圆豆为对照,对作为保持系88-428的花粉发育全过程及其药壁组织的情况进行了系统的研究.结果表明：①可将这一过程划分为7个时期,即小孢子母细胞形成期、小孢子母细胞减数分裂期、单核早期、单核中期、单核晚期、二胞花粉早期、二胞花粉晚期;②作为保持系的88-428与黄圆豆相比,存有较高的败育率,表现为低不育.     

豆油对饲低硒粮大鼠血浆Cu、Zn、Ca和Mg含量的影响

目的 :探讨豆油 [富含 ω- 6多不饱和脂肪酸 ( PUFAs) ]对饲低硒粮大鼠血浆 Cu、Zn、Ca和 Mg含量变化的影响。方法 :用低硒和补硒饲料喂养大鼠 4周 ,补加 5 %豆油后再继续饲养 4周。用原子吸收分光光度计测定大鼠血浆中 Cu、 Zn、 Ca、和 Mg含量。结果 :饲低硒粮和补硒粮组 ,在饲料中添加豆油后 ,大鼠血浆中 Cu、Zn、Ca、和 Mg含量均有不同程度下降。在添加豆油的大鼠 Zn、Mg含量下降更明显 ,Ca、Cu含量虽有所下降 ,但差异无显著性。结论 :饲料中添加豆油 ,使大鼠PUFAs的摄入量增加 ,Cu、Zn、Ca和 Mg含量降低。     

Identification of potential bioactive peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion of soybean seeds and soy milk proteins

In this work, the bioactive peptides produced during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of soybean seeds and soy milk were investigated. The analysis was performed on extracted protein samples from soybean seeds and milk or directly on untreated soy milk. Proteins samples were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion and then analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for peptide sequencing. The identified peptides were 1173 in soybean seed samples, 1364 in untreated soy milk samples and 1422 in soy milk samples in which proteins were extracted by precipitation. The peptide identifications were then employed to search specific databases and look for the presence of bioactive peptides in the investigated samples, either with known biological activity or with potential antimicrobial activity. Results pointed out that soybean proteins underwent an extensive degradation process during gastrointestinal digestion and generated a large number of bioactive peptides, some with established activity, some with predicted antimicrobial activity. Finally, the supernatants collected after protein precipitation with acetone from both soybean seeds and soy milk were also analyzed to evaluate the presence of peptides produced by the action of endogenous proteases. Likely, peptides found in soy milk samples could be formed during food processing.     

大豆皂甙对糖尿病大鼠血清及心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α表达的影响

目的:监测大豆皂甙对糖尿病大鼠血清及心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α表达的影响,探讨大豆皂甙对糖尿病大鼠心肌组织的保护机制.方法:以Wistar雄性大鼠为研究对象,将实验动物分为三组即对照组、糖尿病模型组(DM)和大豆皂甙给药组(SS),三组动物分别每日给予柠檬酸缓冲液、生理盐水、大豆皂甙(SS,10 mg/Kg)灌胃3个月,采用ELISA酶联免疫法检测血清及心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α的蛋白含量;采用流式细胞免疫学法检测心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α的百分率;采用HE染色检测心肌组织的病理改变;采用免疫组织化学法检测心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α的阳性表达强度.结果:与对照组相比较,ELISA和流式细胞免疫学检测均显示,糖尿病模型组血清及心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α的水平显著升高有统计学意义(P＜0.01);大豆皂甙给药组血清及心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α的水平略升高但无统计学意义(P＞0.01);免疫组化染色糖尿病模型组心肌组织IL-6和TNF-α的阳性强度明显高于大豆皂甙给药组和对照组有显著差异(P＜0.01).HE染色显示糖尿病模型组大鼠心肌排列紊乱、心肌间有大量炎细胞浸润.结论:大豆皂甙可减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌组织中炎症细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达,从而起到保护心肌的作用.