The Global Burden of Aortic Stenosis

Degenerative, calcific valvular aortic stenosis (AS), caused by an active process of atherosclerosis, calcification and ossification, is the most common cause of AS in industrialized nations. The prevalence of calcific AS is age-dependent, and thus is expected to increase due to demographic aging of the global population. It is well recognized that severe AS carries a poor prognosis if left untreated. Despite this recognition, many patients are inappropriately denied surgery because of perceived risk. This article will examine the etiology, prevalence, and current trends in the treatment of degenerative AS focusing on indications for surgical aortic valve replacement.     

华南区域自然人群慢性非传染性疾病前瞻性队列研究建设概况

随着生活行为方式、自然和社会环境的急剧变化, 我国慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)的流行现状及相关危险因素也发生了巨大的改变。全国各地各类慢性病的流行特征及其危险因素分布不尽相同, 而华南地区独特的气候、饮食及生活方式对慢性病发生发展的影响至今尚不明确。因此, 亟需通过区域性大型队列的建设, 为区域重大疾病的病因学研究、早期预测和干预策略提供本土化人群证据, 也为国家重大慢性病防治策略的制定提供依据。华南区域自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列于2017年12月正式启动, 覆盖广东省、广西壮族自治区、福建省和海南省, 以35～74岁常住居民为主要研究对象, 包括城市与农村、汉族与以壮族为代表的少数民族多类型自然人群。本队列围绕华南区域常见重大慢性病建立集健康信息和生物样本为一体的精准医学大数据平台, 并开展长期随访。现已建立116 520人的基线数据库, 年龄为(54.9±12.5)岁, 女性71 077人(61.0%)。基线数据库包括问卷调查、体格检查数据以及生物样本。本文对华南区域自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列设计的理念、研究进展和随访设想作简要介绍。     

美军健康相关状况及干预措施研究的系统评价

目的：系统评价美军健康相关状况及干预措施,为我军健康促进策略的制定提供借鉴。方法计算机检索PubMed、Medline、Springer、Elservier、HighWire和CNKI等数据库,利用设定的检索策略检索1997年1月～2015年12月发表的关于美军健康相关状况及干预策略或措施的文献。结果经筛选后最终纳入25篇文献,包含训练伤、腰腿痛、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症、心血管疾病等方面。结论美军主要的健康问题及其所关注的干预策略或措施包括训练伤、腰腿痛、心理疾病和心血管疾病等4个方面,对军人的健康保障正在从单一的疾病预防走向多元化的全面维护,以实现新时期部队的整体强健。     

Current status and actual need for pediatric liver transplantation in Southern Vietnam

Liver transplantation (LT) has considerably improved the outcome of patients with end‐stage liver disease, especially in children. The first pediatric LT in Vietnam was performed in 2004. To assess the current need for pediatric LT in Southern Vietnam, a total of 280 patients with chronic liver disease followed at Children's Hospital 2 (Ho Chi Minh City), the only pediatric LT center in this region, were evaluated from January 2009 to June 2014. Sixty‐seven patients satisfied criteria for LT but only one transplant surgery occurred since 2009. Parental consent for LT was obtained only in 28.4% of patients. The main reasons for the small number of LTs were financial costs, far distance from home, lifelong follow‐up and treatment, and shortage of organ donors. We conclude that the current need for pediatric LT in Southern Vietnam is high. Efforts should be made to develop the liver transplant program in this developing country.     

Arguments Used in Public Comments to Support or Oppose the US Department of Agriculture’s Minimum Stocking Requirements: A Content Analysis

Background

In 2016, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Retailer Rule proposed several changes for SNAP-authorized retailers, including: requiring retailers to have at least 85% of their food sales come from items that are not cooked or heated on site before or after purchase; requiring stores to stock seven varieties of qualifying foods from four staple food groups; requiring stores to carry perishable foods in three of the four staple groups; requiring stores to carry six units of qualifying foods at all times (depth of stock); disqualifying multiple ingredient foods and accessory foods from counting toward depth of stock requirements.