蛋白酶激活受体-2在重症急性胰腺炎中的作用

目的 探讨蛋白酶激活受体-2(PAR-2)在大鼠重症急性胰腺炎病理损害中发挥的作用.方法 由大鼠胰胆管逆行注射3.5%牛磺胆酸钠,制作坏死性胰腺炎模型.36只大鼠被随机分为对照组、胰腺炎组、胰腺炎+皮下活化肽组(给药组),造模后3 h取材.免疫组化方法测定造模前后胰腺组织PAR-2表达情况变化;胰腺损害程度采用病理评分评价;测定胰腺组织湿/干重比、髓过氧化物酶含量,通过股静脉注射Evans blue(EB)测定EB漏出率;ELISIA方法测定血清IL-6水平.结果 正常胰腺组织胞浆及胞膜弱表达PAR-2,造模后表达升高.给药组病理评分、湿/干重比、髓过氧化物酶含量、Evans blue漏出率、血清IL-6水平明显低于胰腺炎组,胰腺病理评分与IL-6之间存在相关关系.结论 诱导重症急性胰腺炎后胰腺PAR-2表达升高,PAR-2可明显减轻胰腺炎症程度,对胰腺局部损害起保护作用.     

硝普钠对兔胰腺组织中某些氧自由基的影响

目的通过对兔胰腺组织中某些氧自由基浓度的测定,以证实门静脉高压肝组织血流阻断后,硝普钠对胰腺缺血再灌注损伤是否有保护作用。方法24只普通级新西兰兔随机分为对照（c）组、硝普钠（S）组和L-左旋硝基精氨酸甲脂（L）组。各组按试验要求实行肝门脉阻断,取肝血流恢复60min后的胰腺组织测定一氧化氮（NO）,一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）,丙二醛（MDA）和ATP酶等浓度或活性。结果S组与C组比较,NOS无统计学差异,NO、SOD及ATP酶均显著升高,MDA明显降低。L组与C组比较,NO、SOD、NOS及ATP酶均显著降低,MDA则明显升高。结论肝血流阻断后,硝普钠对胰腺缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

均匀设计法优选布洛芬缓释原位凝胶剂处方及释药性质的研究

目的:用均匀设计法筛选布洛芬缓释原位凝胶剂处方,考察不同处方的凝胶溶蚀和药物释放行为.方法:冷法制备原位凝胶,单因素考察布洛芬-羟丙基-β-环糊精包和物和辅料对胶凝温度(T_(sol-gel))的影响,均匀设计法优化P407和P188浓度,无膜溶出法考察凝胶溶蚀行为,高效液相色谱法对溶蚀液进行定量分析.结果:海藻酸钠随浓度的增大可使T_(sol-gel)降低,优化后P407/P188=19%,5%,凝胶溶蚀和药物累积释放与时间均呈零级动力学.结论:均匀设计法适合用于筛选P407和P188浓度,制得的原位凝胶具有缓释效果.     

葡立胶囊与玻璃酸钠关节内注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效分析

目的：对比葡立胶囊与玻璃酸钠关节内注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎（oA）的疗效。方法：纳入120例膝关节OA的患者,分为2组,A组采用玻璃酸钠膝关节腔内注射,1次／周,5次为一个疗程,B组采用葡立胶囊口服。结果：根据Western Ontario MacMaster（WOMAC）评分对疼痛、僵硬、身体功能等疗效观察指标进行评估,两组均能改善上述症状,而A组在疼痛与关节活动度改善疗效均优于B组,两组疗效间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：玻璃酸钠关节内注射与葡立胶囊对膝骨关节炎的治疗确有疗效,玻璃酸钠在疗效上优于葡立胶囊。     

肠癌根治术病人两种容量治疗方案效果的比较

目的 比较肠癌根治术病人麻醉诱导前6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4.麻醉诱导后乳酸钠林格氏液血液稀释与麻醉诱导前乳酸钠林格氏液-麻醉诱导后6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4血液稀释容量治疗的效果.方法 拟行肠癌根治术病人40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄45～64岁,体重42～65 kg,随机分为2组(n=20),Ⅰ组麻醉诱导前经30min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 15 ml/kg,麻醉诱导后即刻经30 min静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液15 ml/kg;Ⅱ组于麻醉诱导前经30 min静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液15 ml/kg,麻醉诱导后即刻经30 min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 15 ml/kg.记录术中胶体液量、晶体液量、出血量、尿量和异体输血情况;于人室后(基础状态,T0)、麻醉诱导后即刻(T1、15 min(T2)、60 min(T3)、120 min(T4)及术毕(T5)时记录平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)和心率(HR);于T0、T1、T3、T5时抽取桡动脉血样1 ml行血气分析,并测定血红蛋白浓度(Hb)和红细胞压积(Hct).结果 两组均未输异体血,术中胶体液用量,晶体液用量、出血量、尿量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与基础值比较,Ⅰ组术中MAP、HCO-3、血浆乳酸、Na+、K+的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CVP升高,HR、Hct、Hb降低,术毕时pH值降低,Ⅱ组术中CVP升高,MAP、HR、pH值降低,术毕时HCO-3降低(P<0.05),血浆乳酸、Na+、K+的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中CVP升高,术毕时血浆乳酸浓度降低(P<0.05).结论 肠癌根治术病人采用麻醉诱导前6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4-麻醉诱导后乳酸钠林格氏液血液稀释的容量治疗效果较好.     

The cleansing result of oral sodium phosphate is inversely correlated with time between the last administration and colonoscopy

Background There is some evidence that the timing of sodium phosphate (NaP) ingestion affects the cleansing result. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of cleansing result with the timing of ingestion of NaP. Methods 214 consecutive outpatients scheduled to undergo colonoscopy were enrolled in the study. All patients filled out a detailed questionnaire concerning the execution of bowel cleansing. Concomitant with colonoscopy, patient characteristics were recorded and after the procedure the cleansing result was scored. The correlation between cleansing score and time from the last dose of NaP to colonoscopy was evaluated. For further analysis, patients were divided into three groups regarding the time lag from NaP taking to colonoscopy (group 1, 6 h or less; group 2, 6–12 h; group 3, 12 h or more). Results 204 patients had complete colonoscopy and enough data to be analyzed for the study. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the time between the last dose of NaP and colonoscopy was -0.450 (p=0.0001) showing an inverse correlation. The mean cleansing score (±SEM) of group 1 was 4.00±0.12, for group 2 it was 3.56±0.12, and for group 3 it was 2.64±0.14. There were statistically significant differences between all groups. Conclusion The cleansing result of NaP is inversely correlated with the time between last dose of NaP and colonoscopy. Colonoscopy should be preferably performed within 12 hours of taking the second dose of NaP.     

Chronic brain cytochrome oxidase inhibition selectively alters hippocampal cholinergic innervation and impairs memory: prevention by ladostigil

A 25-35% reduction of brain cytochrome oxidase (COx) activity found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. The present study replicated the reduction in brain COx activity in rats by administering sodium azide (NaN(3)) for 4 weeks via Alzet minipumps at the rate of 1 mg/kg/h, and determined its effect on hippocampal cholinergic transmission, spatial and episodic memory. NaN(3) caused a selective reduction in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity in the diagonal band, a major source of cholinergic input to the hippocampus and cingulate cortex, without altering the number of cholinergic neurons. NaN(3) also induced a significant increase in vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)-immunoreactive varicosities, GAP-43 in the subgranular layer and of transferrin receptors (TfR) in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. These neurochemical changes were associated with impairment in spatial learning in the Morris water maze and in episodic memory in the object recognition test. Chronic treatment with ladostigil, a novel cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitor, prevented the decrease in ChAT in the diagonal band, the compensatory increase in synaptic plasticity and TfR and the memory deficits without restoring COx activity. Ladostigil had no significant effect on ChAT activity, synaptic plasticity or TfR in control rats. Ladostigil may have a beneficial effect on cognitive deficits in AD patients that have a reduction in cortical COx activity and cholinergic hypofunction.     

A new plastic collection tube made of polyethylene terephtalate is suitable for monitoring traditional anticoagulant therapy (oral anticoagulant, unfractionated heparin, and low molecular weight heparin)

To improve the safety of blood collection, plastic tubes have been developed but various interactions with the coagulation system and/or antithrombotic drugs were reported with the first generation of such tubes. The aim of this multicentre study was to compare hemostasis test results measured in evacuated plastic tubes made of polyethylene terephtalate (VenoSafe, Terumo Europe) and in siliconized glass tubes containing the same citrate concentration (0.129 M). In addition, the impact of aging of the plastic tube was investigated by collecting blood samples in tubes at 8 months and at 1 month before expiry. Blood was drawn in 3 centres from untreated patients (n=269), patients on oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT, n=221), and patients treated with either unfractionated heparin (UFH, n=73) or a low molecular weight derivative (LMWH, n=48). Prothrombin time (PT) or INR, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and anti-FXa activity were locally performed, when applicable. In untreated patients and in patients on OAT, PT and APTT values were found statistically shorter (p<0.05) when evaluated in plastic tubes than in glass tubes, except when PT was evaluated using a human thromboplastin. Surprisingly, significantly longer APTT and higher anti-FXa activities were obtained when blood from patients on UFH was drawn in plastic than in glass tubes. However, none of the differences had any clinical relevance (Bland-Altman analysis). In patients on anticoagulant treatment, there was no effect of aging of the plastic tubes. These results suggest that the plastic tube VenoSafe is suitable for coagulation testing both in untreated subjects and more interestingly in patients on traditional anticoagulant therapy during the whole shelf life indicated by the manufacturer.     

Veratrine blocks the lamotrigine-induced swimming increase and immobility decrease in the modified forced swimming test

Lamotrigine exhibits an anti-immobility effect in the modified forced swimming test, increasing swimming and climbing, behaviors that are related to serotonergic and noradrenergic effects, respectively. However, these effects could be secondary to lamotrigine blockade of Na(+) sensitive channel. Thus, this study investigated the influence of veratrine (0.1 mg/kg, ip, 10 min before each lamotrigine administration), an Na(+) channel activator, in the effect of lamotrigine (20 mg/kg, ip, 24, 5, 1 h before the test session) in the modified forced swimming test. Veratrine pre-treatment blocked lamotrigine-induced immobility decrease and swimming increase but it did not change the effect of lamotrigine on climbing. These results suggest that the serotonergic effect of lamotrigine in the modified forced swimming test is dependent on Na(+) voltage sensitive channel blockade, whereas its noradrenergic effect is not.