Valproate attenuates dextroamphetamine-induced subjective changes more than lithium

Dextroamphetamine administration in healthy controls produces a range of subjective and physiological effects, which have been likened to those occurring during mania. However, it is uncertain if these can be attenuated by lithium since conflicting results have been reported. To date there have been no previous studies examining the effects of valproate on dextroamphetamine-induced mood and physiological changes. The current study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, study in which volunteers received either 1000 mg sodium valproate (n = 12), 900 mg lithium (n = 9), or placebo (n = 12) pre-treatment for 14 days. Subjective and physiological measures were then obtained prior to administration of a 25 mg dose of dextroamphetamine, and at two time points after administration. Differences in the response to dextroamphetamine were assessed between the three treatment groups. The results of this study show that pre-treatment with lithium only significantly attenuated dextroamphetamine-induced change in happiness, while valproate pre-treatment significantly attenuated the effects of dextroamphetamine on happiness, energy, alertness and on the diastolic blood pressure. These results suggest that lithium and valproate do not have the same mechanism of action on dextroamphetamine-induced changes, and this finding may relate to differences in their mechanism of action in mood disorders.     

High affinity for the rat brain sodium channel of newly discovered hydroxybenzoate saxitoxin analogues from the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum.

The paralytic shellfish poison family has been recently extended by the discovery of several analogues possessing a hydoxybenzoate moiety instead of the carbamoyl group one finds in saxitoxin, the parent molecule of this toxin family. We have investigated the potency of these new analogues on a representative isoform of the pharmacological target of these toxins, the voltage gated sodium channel. These toxins were found to have K1's in the low nanomolar range, only slightly less potent than saxitoxin. The hydroxybenzoate group may increase the lipophilicity of these toxins and improve their ability to pass through epithelia and therefore its uptake and elimination in both intoxication victims and animals that bioaccumulate paralytic shellfish toxins.     

头孢哌酮及其与他唑巴坦的复方制剂在家犬体内的药动学研究

目的 :考察头孢哌酮钠在家犬体内的药动学特征 ,比较头孢哌酮钠复方制剂与单组分头孢哌酮钠的药动学差异。方法 :对6只健康家犬单剂量静脉注射头孢哌酮钠粉针剂和注射用头孢哌酮钠/他唑巴坦钠复方制剂后 ,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中头孢哌酮钠的血药浓度 ,用3p97药动学程序计算药动学参数。结果 :单一制剂与复方制剂的头孢哌酮钠在体内的处置都符合二室模型 ,AUC0→∞分别为 (486 17±117 98)、(469 74±71 49) (mg·h)/L ,T1/2β 分别为 (0 96±0 13)、(0 85±0 17)h ;参数值经方差分析、双单侧t检验和[1 -2α]置信区间法分析 ,均无显著性差异 (P>0 05)。结论 :以AUC0→∞为衡量指标 ,两种制剂中的头孢哌酮钠具有生物等效性。     

Ferric citrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia and anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BackgroundHyperphosphatemia and anemia, which are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), can independently contribute to cardiovascular events. Several previous studies have found that the iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate (FC), could be beneficial to both hyperphosphatemia and anemia.MethodsRelevant literature from PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT) and MEDLINE databases were searched up to 21 February 2022, in order to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy, safety and economic benefits of ferric citrate treatment in CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia and anemia. The meta-analysis was conducted independently by two reviewers using the RevMan software (version 5.3).ResultsIn total, this study included 16 randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving 1754 participants. The meta-analysis showed that ferric citrate could significantly reduce the serum phosphorus in CKD patients compared to the placebo control groups (MD −1.76 mg/dL, 95% CI (−2.78, −0.75); p = 0.0007). In contrast, the difference between ferric citrate treatment and active controls, such as non-iron-based phosphate binders, sevelamer, calcium carbonate, lanthanum carbonate and sodium ferrous citrate, was not statistically significant (MD − 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI (−0.35, 0.17); p = 0.51). However, ferric citrate could effectively improve hemoglobin levels when compared to the active drug (MD 0.43 g/dL, 95% CI (0.04, 0.82); p = 0.03) and placebo groups (MD 0.39 g/dL, 95% CI (0.04, 0.73); p = 0.03). According to eight studies, ferric citrate was found to be cost-effective treatment in comparison to control drugs. Most of the adverse events (AE) following ferric citrate treatment were mild at most.ConclusionCollectively, our review suggests that iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate is an effective and safe treatment option for CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia and anemia. More importantly, this alternative treatment may also less expensive. Nevertheless, more scientific studies are warranted to validate our findings.     

阿魏酸钠、刺五加注射液对慢性肺源性心脏病急性期临床疗效对比研究

目的 探讨阿魏酸钠、刺五加注射液治疗慢性肺心病急性发作的临床疗效.方法 对90例慢性肺心病急性发作期患者进行了随机对照研究,对照组常规给予持续低流量吸氧、抗生素控制感染、止咳、社痰、平喘等对症治疗;治疗1组在常规治疗的基础上加用阿魏酸钠0.2 g静滴,1次/d,连用14 d;治疗2组在常规治疗的基础上加用刺五加注射液100 ml静滴,1次/d,连用14 d.观察治疗前后血气分析(动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧饱和度)、血液流变学(全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、全血还原黏度、红细胞聚集指数、血细胞比容)的变化及临床疗效.结果 与对照组相比.两治疗组的血气分析结果改善明显,两治疗组间未见明显差异(P＞0.05).两治疗组血液流变学均较治疗前有明显改变(P均＜0.05),两治疗组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),与对照组比较均有显著差异(P均＜0.05).临床疗效两治疗组与对照组比较有显著差异(P均＜0.05),两治疗组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 阿魏酸钠、刺五加注射液对慢性肺心病急性期有明显的干预治疗作用;二者临床疗效明显优于对照组,而二者之间未见明显差异.     

海藻酸钠微球在部分性脾栓塞术中的应用评价

目的 评价海藻酸钠微球（KMG）行部分性脾栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝癌并脾功能亢进（脾亢）的疗效及并发症。资料与方法 58例肝癌并脾亢行PSE患者,依据PSE术所采用的栓塞材料不同分为2组：A组30例,栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒;B组28例,栓塞材料为KMG。随访观察两组外周血自细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）和红细胞（RBC）计数变化及术后反应。结果 两组患者术后1周、2周、1个月、6个月的WBC和PLT计数均较术前明显升高（P〈0．001）。虽然B组术后WBC和PLT计数较A组升高较多,但两组的疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组术后RBC计数一直无明显变化（P〉0．05）。随着栓塞程度的增加,外周血WBC和PLT计数升高越明显,但是术后反应加重．并发症也随之增加。结论 KMG可作为PSE术的栓塞材料,将栓塞程度控制在50％～60％可有效治疗脾亢,减轻术后反应。     

BMS-Hc与Sysmes XE-2100血红蛋白测定仪的对比研究

目的探讨BMS-HC血红蛋白测定仪应用于血站采血前快速测定血红蛋白的可行性研究。方法应用全自动血细胞分析仪和BMS-HC血红蛋白测定仪分别测定80份本院住院患者血样本的血红蛋白浓度。结果本法测定结果的线性范围为（36～199）g/L;低、中、高3份样本重复测定20次,批内变异CV值分别为2.25%、0.86%和1.17%,批间变异CV值分别为2.20%、1.60%和2.30%;本仪器与全自动血细胞分析仪（SLS-HGB法）测定结果相比,差异无显著性;两者显著相关（r=0.999）。结论依据血红蛋白测定仪结果的准确性、重复性和操作的便捷程度综合分析,BMS-HC血红蛋白测定仪可替代血站系统目前采用的硫酸铜比重法。     

Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate Sclerotherapy for Lateral Malleolar Bursitis of the Ankle

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of lateral malleolar bursitis of the ankle.MethodsWe reviewed data from 20 consecutive patients (20 ankles) who underwent STS sclerotherapy between August 2018 and June 2019. After aspiration of fluid from the lateral malleolar bursal sac, 2 mL (20 mg) STS was injected into the sac. Clinical outcomes and side effects and complications were evaluated at 2 weeks, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after sclerotherapy. Responses to treatment were assessed according to degree of fluctuation, shrinkage of the bursal sac, and soft-tissue swelling. The 36-item short form survey (SF-36) was completed for each patient before and after therapy.ResultsComplete response was observed in 17 patients (85%), and partial response was observed in 3 patients (15%) after STS sclerotherapy. SF-36 physical component scores improved from 62.2 (interquartile range, 5.2) before therapy to 70.0 (interquartile range, 7.9) at last follow-up (p < 0.05). One patient (5%) experienced transient hyperpigmentation at the injection site. No major complications occurred.ConclusionsSTS sclerotherapy was an effective and safe treatment for patients with lateral malleolar bursitis of the ankle.     

Ⅱ型排卵障碍女性使用克罗米芬或来曲唑诱导排卵的AID临床结局及妊娠结局比较

目的 比较Ⅱ型排卵障碍女性使用克罗米芬(CC)方案或来曲唑(LE)方案诱导排卵后供精人工授精(AID)周期的临床结局和妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年8月578名Ⅱ型排卵障碍妇女在我中心完成的1 253个AID周期的超声监测数据及临床资料.比较单用CC或LE或联合促性腺激素(Gn)诱导排卵的AID周...     

透明质酸的制备与临床应用研究进展

透明质酸是一种线性多糖,笔者对其性质、生理作用、生产方法及临床应用等方面的研究进行综述。