全文获取类型
收费全文 | 194145篇 |
免费 | 17180篇 |
国内免费 | 8831篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2568篇 |
儿科学 | 4015篇 |
妇产科学 | 2018篇 |
基础医学 | 36500篇 |
口腔科学 | 5977篇 |
临床医学 | 15387篇 |
内科学 | 26171篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4567篇 |
神经病学 | 12921篇 |
特种医学 | 5058篇 |
外国民族医学 | 119篇 |
外科学 | 18066篇 |
综合类 | 28290篇 |
现状与发展 | 52篇 |
预防医学 | 5576篇 |
眼科学 | 4113篇 |
药学 | 15400篇 |
32篇 | |
中国医学 | 5842篇 |
肿瘤学 | 27484篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 430篇 |
2023年 | 2789篇 |
2022年 | 4988篇 |
2021年 | 6955篇 |
2020年 | 6224篇 |
2019年 | 5973篇 |
2018年 | 6183篇 |
2017年 | 6433篇 |
2016年 | 6660篇 |
2015年 | 7595篇 |
2014年 | 11117篇 |
2013年 | 12397篇 |
2012年 | 10610篇 |
2011年 | 11907篇 |
2010年 | 9944篇 |
2009年 | 9523篇 |
2008年 | 9997篇 |
2007年 | 10273篇 |
2006年 | 9331篇 |
2005年 | 8504篇 |
2004年 | 7636篇 |
2003年 | 6722篇 |
2002年 | 5516篇 |
2001年 | 4754篇 |
2000年 | 3944篇 |
1999年 | 3583篇 |
1998年 | 3469篇 |
1997年 | 3242篇 |
1996年 | 2898篇 |
1995年 | 2520篇 |
1994年 | 2246篇 |
1993年 | 1903篇 |
1992年 | 1605篇 |
1991年 | 1515篇 |
1990年 | 1212篇 |
1989年 | 1125篇 |
1988年 | 1042篇 |
1987年 | 849篇 |
1986年 | 767篇 |
1985年 | 1025篇 |
1984年 | 906篇 |
1983年 | 609篇 |
1982年 | 701篇 |
1981年 | 581篇 |
1980年 | 481篇 |
1979年 | 379篇 |
1978年 | 299篇 |
1977年 | 241篇 |
1976年 | 208篇 |
1975年 | 87篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Bimal Bhindi Christine M. Lohse Phillip J. Schulte Ross J. Mason John C. Cheville Stephen A. Boorjian Bradley C. Leibovich R. Houston Thompson 《European urology》2019,75(5):766-772
Background
Partial nephrectomy (PN) is generally favored for cT1 tumors over radical nephrectomy (RN) when technically feasible. However, it can be unclear whether the additional risks of PN are worth the magnitude of renal function benefit.Objective
To develop preoperative tools to predict long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) beyond 30 d following PN and RN, separately.Design, setting, and participants
In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent RN or PN for a single nonmetastatic renal tumor between 1997 and 2014 at our institution were identified. Exclusion criteria were venous tumor thrombus and preoperative eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2.Intervention
RN and PN.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
Hierarchical generalized linear mixed-effect models with backward selection of candidate preoperative features were used to predict long-term eGFR following RN and PN, separately. Predictive ability was summarized using marginal , which ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating increased predictive ability.Results and limitations
The analysis included 1152 patients (13 206 eGFR observations) who underwent RN and 1920 patients (18 652 eGFR observations) who underwent PN, with mean preoperative eGFRs of 66 ml/min/1.73 m2 (standard deviation [SD] = 18) and 72 ml/min/1.73 m2 (SD = 20), respectively. The model to predict eGFR after RN included age, diabetes, preoperative eGFR, preoperative proteinuria, tumor size, time from surgery, and an interaction between time from surgery and age (marginal ). The model to predict eGFR after PN included age, presence of a solitary kidney, diabetes, hypertension, preoperative eGFR, preoperative proteinuria, surgical approach, time from surgery, and interaction terms between time from surgery and age, diabetes, preoperative eGFR, and preoperative proteinuria (marginal ). Limitations include the lack of data on renal tumor complexity and the single-center design; generalizability needs to be confirmed in external cohorts.Conclusions
We developed preoperative tools to predict renal function outcomes following RN and PN. Pending validation, these tools should be helpful for patient counseling and clinical decision-making.Patient summary
We developed models to predict kidney function outcomes after partial and radical nephrectomy based on preoperative features. This should help clinicians during patient counseling and decision-making in the management of kidney tumors. 相似文献62.
Lara Feulner Hamed S. Najafabadi Simon Tanguay Janusz Rak Yasser Riazalhosseini 《Urologic oncology》2019,37(2):166-175
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known to occur across the adult lifetime traversing the spectrum of age-related organismal changes. Little is known as to how the aging process may affect the course of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the repertoire of genes involved.Methods
Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (n?=?436) and Cancer Genomics of the Kidney (n?=?89) datasets, we applied regression analysis to examine associations between patient age and gene expression profiles in ccRCC tumors and normal kidney tissues. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify cellular process that is affected by aging in ccRCC. Moreover, connectivity mapping analysis was used to predict age-dependent response to drug treatments.Results
Our analysis revealed different age-dependent gene expression spectra in ccRCC and normal kidney tissues. These findings were significant and independently reproducible in both datasets examined. Age up-regulated genes, showing higher expression in older patients, were significantly enriched (false discovery rate <0.05) in normal tissues for pathways associated with immune response and extracellular matrix organization, whereas age up-regulated genes in tumors were enriched for metabolism and oxidation pathways. Strikingly, age down-regulated genes in normal cells were also enriched for metabolism and oxidation, while those in tumors were enriched for extracellular matrix organization. Further in silico analysis of potential drug targets predicted preferential efficacy of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor or immunotherapy in association with age.Conclusion
We report on previously unrecognized associations between age and molecular underpinnings of RCC, including age-associated expression of genes implicated in RCC development or treatment. 相似文献63.
64.
《Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia》2020,20(11):720-723
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has a high death rate in patients with comorbidities or in an immunocompromised state. We report a mild and attenuated SARS CoV-2 infection in a patient who is 17 months post stem cell transplantation and maintained on the JAK/STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib, a proposed novel therapy for SARS CoV-2 pneumonia. 相似文献
65.
文题释义:跑:跑是双脚交替接触地面的周期性运动,但跑有一个双脚都离开地面的腾空期。幼儿在 1 岁多开始学习跑步,最初是走跑结合的移动方式,由于身体发育不完善,下肢力量弱,平衡能力差,容易摔倒;到 2.5岁,幼儿跑步的腾空阶段明显;到 6岁,早期跑步的特点基本消失。
着地方式:指的是人体在跑步着地阶段足部接触地面的方式,一般分为3种方式:分别为足跟着地(fore foot strike),跟骨先接触地面;全足着地(mid foot strike),全脚掌着地,即足跟与前足同时接触地面;前足着地(rear foot
strike):前足部首先接触地面。
背景:成年人跑步着地方式一直是国内外学者研究的重点,而幼儿跑步的着地方式也是不容忽视的内容。
目的:运用生物力学方法探究幼儿在跑步过程中,不同着地方式下的运动学和动力学指标的差异,为幼儿正确的跑步着地方式提供科学依据。
方法:在北京市海淀区某公立幼儿园中随机抽取幼儿74名,按年龄分为3岁组、4岁组、5岁组,采用BTS红外动作捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和VIXTA录像解析系统同步采集幼儿跑步过程中不同着地方式下的运动学、动力学数据;运用Anybody
5.2仿真建模软件计算下肢肌肉力量指标。试验前向受试者父母详细解释并签署知情同意书,试验方案符合北京师范大学的相关伦理要求。
结果与结论:①3岁组全足着地的比例最高,足跟着地的比例最低,5岁组全足着地的比例最低,足跟着地的比例最高;前足着地者的蹬伸时间大于足跟着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地(P < 0.05);②着地时刻,踝屈曲角度足跟着地者大于前足着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地者(P < 0.05),全足着地者大于前足着地(P < 0.05);前足着地者髋内收-外展角度、最大髋内收-外展角、髋内-收外展的关节变化量及最大膝内收-外展角速度大于足跟着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地者(P < 0.05);前足着地者的踝屈伸最小值大于足跟着地者(P < 0.05),而最大髋内收-外展角速度小于足跟着地者(P < 0.05);③足跟着地和全足着地者的腓骨短肌、腓骨长肌、第三腓骨肌的肌力大于前足着地者(P < 0.05),前足着地者的股中间肌、股外侧肌下束、股外侧肌上束、股内侧肌下束、股内侧肌上束、股内侧肌中束肌力均大于足跟着地(P < 0.01)和全足着地者(P < 0.05);④结果提示:在3-6岁阶段,幼儿多采用足跟或全足着地模式进行奔跑,以满足自己在跑步过程的稳定性,随着年龄的增长,逐渐出现前足着地方式的跑步模式;前足着地能够动用更多髋关节和膝关节额状面的运动来维持人体运动中的稳定,足跟着地和全足着地能够动用更多的小腿前侧和后侧的肌力,而前足着地动用更多的大腿前侧肌力。
ORCID: 0000-0002-8337-3931(赵盼超)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程 相似文献
66.
Mohamed El-Sherbiny Mohamed Ahmed Eladl Anu Vinod Ranade Maha Guimei Hala Gabr 《Singapore medical journal》2020,61(1):39
INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic response to injected human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) among albino rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus.METHODSControl group (GI; n = 25) rats were fed with standard rat diet. Rats with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus without (GII; n = 25) and with (GIII; n = 25) differentiated human UCBMSCs implantation were the test groups. Rats were sacrificed in Week 11 following implantation. Liver biopsies were sectioned and stained in order to highlight both the presence and function of impregnated cells in the liver tissue.RESULTSHaematoxylin and eosin-stained sections in GI and GII rats showed normal liver architecture while GIII rats showed presence of cell clusters inside the liver tissue and around the central veins. Cell clusters with blue cytoplasm were present in sections in GIII rats but absent in GI and GII rats, indicating the presence of injected differentiated human UCBMSCs. The anti-human insulin immunostaining of GIII rats showed clusters of cells within the liver parenchyma and around central veins, indicating that these cells were active and secreting insulin.CONCLUSIONUCBMSCs are proficient in differentiating into insulin-producing cells in vivo under specific conditions and, when transplanted into the liver of albino rats with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus, were able to secrete insulin and partially control the status of diabetes mellitus in rats. 相似文献
67.
68.
目的研究阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人的临床疗效及对盆底肌的影响。方法选取84例从2016年9月至2018年3月本院收治的尿失禁老年患者进行研究,以随机抽签法将其均分为联合组及对照组,每组42例。对照组予以常规盆底肌训练治疗,联合组则予以阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗。对比两组在临床疗效、治疗前后盆底肌力情况、治疗前后尿动力学参数指标水平以及生活质量变化情况等方面的差异。结果联合组与对照组在总有效率方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组盆底肌力分级为Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级的人数占比相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组在VLPP、PMUC水平方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组I-QOL评分相比治疗前较高,且联合组相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。结论阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗老年尿失禁患者的疗效显著,有利于促进盆底肌力的恢复,且有效改善患者尿动力学参数,提高生活质量,具有较高的临床推广应用价值。 相似文献
69.
70.
《Vaccine》2020,38(10):2315-2325
In the preparation of glycoconjugate vaccines in clinical practice, two highly immunogenic carrier proteins, CRM197 and tetanus toxoid (TT), are predominantly conjugated with the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of bacterial pathogens. In addition, TT has long been used as an effective vaccine to prevent tetanus. While these carrier proteins play an important role in immunogenicity and vaccine design alike, their defined human major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) T cell epitopes are inadequately characterized. In this current work, we use mass spectrometry to identify the peptides from these carrier proteins that are naturally processed and presented by human B cells via MHCII pathway. The MHCII-presented peptides are screened for their T cell stimulation using primary CD4+ T cells from four healthy adult donors. These combined methods reveal a subset of eleven CD4+ T cell epitopes that proliferate and stimulate human T cells with diverse MHCII allelic repertoire. Six of these peptides stand out as potential immunodominant epitopes by responding in three or more donors. Additionally, we provide evidence of these natural epitopes eliciting more significant T cell responses in donors than previously published TT peptides selected from T cell epitope screening. This study serves toward understanding carrier protein immune responses and thus enables the use of these peptides in developing novel knowledge-based vaccines to combat persisting problems in glycoconjugate vaccine design. 相似文献