Septic complications after splenectomy for sickle cell sequestration crisis

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are predisposed to infections. There is a paucity of recent information on the incidence of post-splenectomy infectious complications in these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether splenectomy increases infectious complications in SCD. Twenty-nine patients with SCD had splenectomy for sequestration crises at our hospital between 1988 and 1992; 16 of them received all of their follow-up care at our institution. These 16 charts were reviewed for infectious-related admissions, hospital days, days of IV antibiotics, positive cultures, and episodes of sepsis. For each patient, these parameters in the pre- and postoperative period were compared and expressed as number per year. The mean age at time of splenectomy was 2.5 ± 0.4 years and the mean follow-up was 4.5 ± 0.4 years. There was no significant difference in the pre- and postoperative periods for admissions, hospital days, days of IV antibiotics, positive cultures, or episodes of sepsis per year. There were also no operative deaths. The incidence of pre-splenectomy sepsis was 0.04 ± 0.03 episodes per year compared to 0.09 ± 0.04 (P = ns) episodes/year after splenectomy. Sepsis occurred at an average of 20.8 (range 2–30) months postoperatively; Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common causative organism. The total mortality after splenectomy in SCD patients was 3.4% (1/29) over a nearly 5-year period. Although infections are common in children with SCD, there was no increase in infections or episodes of sepsis in SCD patients who underwent splenectomy. Accepted: 6 March 1997     

姜黄素对脓毒症大鼠肾组织ICAM-1表达和MPO活性的影响

目的 观察姜黄素对脓毒症大鼠肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达、MPO活性的影响,探讨其保护肾功能的可能机制.方法 90只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、盲肠结扎穿孔组(CLP组)、姜黄素治疗组(Cur组),CLP组和Cur组进行盲肠结扎穿孔术,Cur组予姜黄素液2mL·kg-1(即100mg·kg-1)腹腔注射,Sham组、CLP组给予2mL·kg-1生理盐水腹腔注射.各组大鼠于术后0、3、6、12、24、48 h 活杀动物取材,观察姜黄素处理后大鼠肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性及血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)的变化.结果 CLP术6h后Cur组肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达、MPO活性明显低于CLP组(P＜0.05),术后48h血清BUN 、Scr水平亦明显低于CLP组(P＜0.05).结论 姜黄素对脓毒症大鼠肾损伤的保护作用可能与其抑制ICAM-1表达,减少过量中性粒细胞在肾组织中聚集有关.     

参麦注射液联合川芎嗪对脓毒症小鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的探讨参麦联合川芎嗪注射液对脓毒症小鼠肝脏的保护作用。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔(Cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)方法诱导形成脓毒症。将雄性成年的昆明小鼠随机分为5组,分别是假手术组、模型组、参麦注射液治疗组、川芎嗪注射液治疗组和参麦联合川芎嗪注射液治疗组。CLP术前24,12,1 h各组小鼠分别腹腔注射参麦注射液和川芎嗪注射液或者等计量的生理盐水。观察CLP造模后24 h各组小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)含量、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平,并观察各组小鼠的存活率及其肝脏组织的病理变化。结果参麦、川芎嗪及参麦联合川芎嗪三组药物治疗组的脓毒症小鼠其死亡率、血清中炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)含量、肝脂质过氧化(MDA、MPO)水平、ALT/AST及其肝脏病理损伤程度均较模型组明显减轻,尤以参麦联合川芎嗪给药治疗组疗效最为显著。此外,联合给药治疗组血清中的炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)水平较单一用药组显著降低。结论参麦联合川芎嗪注射液较单一用药能够更有效地抑制炎症反应,提高脓毒症小鼠的存活率、减轻肝脏损伤。     

辛伐他汀对脓毒症并发ARDS患者CD4+CD2+5调节性T细胞的影响

目的：研究辛伐他汀对脓毒症并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者外周血CD4+CD2+5调节性T细胞(Treg)的影响。方法65例脓毒症患者随机分为辛伐他汀治疗组(n=32)和对照组(n=33)。采集患者入选研究后的外周血行白细胞计数(WBC), C反应蛋白(CRP),降钙素原(PCT)检测来反映患者的感染程度,同时记录急性生理和慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分,流式细胞术(FCM)检测各组入选时、1、3、5、7、14 d的外周血CD4+CD2+5Treg的水平。结果两组间的一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。辛伐他汀治疗组的CD4+CD2+5Treg在T淋巴细胞中的百分比逐渐下降,第14天两组间比较差异具有统计学意义[(7.32±1.86)%VS (10.01±5.63)%, t=2.568, P=0.013)]。结论辛伐他汀能改善脓毒症并发ARDS患者Treg过多的现象,起到调节免疫紊乱的功能。     

新生儿早发型B族链球菌败血症16例临床分析

目的：探讨早发型新生儿B族链球菌（GBS）败血症的临床特征及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年10月我院新生儿科收治的16例新生儿早发性GBS败血症病例,分析临床特点、治疗方法和预后。结果：16例早发型GBS败血症中足月儿8例,早产儿8例;1 h内起病9例,均表现为呼吸困难,临床合并肺炎,有发生持续肺动脉高压可能;1~3 d起病7例,临床表现以败血症或化脓性脑膜炎为主;并发肺炎12例、休克5例、化脓性脑膜炎3例（均为足月儿）。药敏试验显示GBS对青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、万古霉素等敏感。死亡3例,均为超低出生体质量儿（生后72 h内死亡）;脑积水1例,腹腔引流术后,确诊脑瘫;1例脑室扩大。结论：早发型GBS败血症早期起病以呼吸道表现为主,1~3 d起病以败血症及颅内感染为主要表现,有导致神经系统后遗症及死亡可能。     

院内脓毒症风险管理系统设计与实现

介绍脓毒症防治现状及存在的问题,详细阐述应用人工智能技术构建院内脓毒症风险管理系统的方法,分析系统应用效果,指出该系统可实现患者住院期间脓毒症筛查指标、诊断指标的持续监测与及时预警。     

Addition of terlipressin to norepinephrine in septic shock and effect of renal perfusion: a pilot study

PurposeTerlipressin improves renal function in patients with septic shock. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of terlipressin on renal perfusion in patients with septic shock.Materials and MethodsThis pilot study enrolled patients with septic shock in the intensive care unit of the tertiary hospital from September 2019 to May 2020. We randomly assigned patients to terlipressin and usual care groups using a 1:1 ratio. Terlipressin was intravenously pumped at a rate of 1.3 μg/kg/hour for 24 h. We monitored renal perfusion using renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The primary outcome was peak sonographic signal intensity (a renal perfusion parameter monitored by CEUS) at 24 h after enrollment.Results22 patients were enrolled in this study with 10 in the terlipressin group and 12 in the usual care group. The baseline characteristics of patients between the two groups were comparable. The peak sonographic signal intensity at 24 h after enrollment in the terlipressin group (60.5 ± 8.6 dB) was significantly higher than that in the usual care group (52.4 ± 7.0 dB; mean difference, 7.1 dB; 95% CI, 0.4–13.9; adjusted p = .04). Patients in the terlipressin group had a lower time to peak, heart rates, norepinephrine dose, and a higher stroke volume at 24 h after enrollment. No significant difference in the urine output within 24 h and incidence of acute kidney injury within 28 days was found between the two groups.ConclusionsTerlipressin improves renal perfusion, increases stroke volume, and decreases norepinephrine dose and heart rates in patients with septic shock.     

扶正解毒汤对脓毒症病人急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ评分及血清降钙素原水平的影响

目的 探讨扶正解毒汤灌肠联合西医综合治疗对脓毒症病人急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分及血清降钙素原水平的影响。方法 前瞻性选择2019年3月至2021年5月海南省中医院收治的94例脓毒症病人,并按随机数字表法划分入西医组（n=47）、中西医结合组（n=47）两组内。其中西医组实施常规西医综合治疗,包括早期液体复苏、使用血管活性药、抗感染、辅助通气、纠正水电解质失衡、血液净化等;中西医结合组在西医组基础上加用扶正解毒汤灌肠治疗。治疗1周后判定两组疗效,并比较两组治疗前、治疗1周后中医证候积分、APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清炎症指标（降钙素原、白介素6）及血流动力学指标[平均动脉压（MAP）、心排血指数（CI）、血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）]。结果 中西医结合组治疗总有效率明显较西医组高（P<0.05）;治疗后两组中医证候积分、APACHE Ⅱ评分[西医组：（14.47±2.16）分比（19.91±3.86）分,中西医结合组：（10.50±1.78）分比（20.38±4.21）分]、血清降钙素原[西医组：（7.12±1.45）μg/L比（16.25±3.39）μg/...     

脓毒症休克患者抗感染治疗策略及用药分析

脓毒症休克的抗感染治疗策略包括控制感染源、早期有效的抗菌药物治疗、降阶梯治疗、目标性治疗及根据抗菌药物药代动力学、药效学特点优化抗菌药物给药方案。临床药师在重症患者治疗过程中应发挥专业特长。本文结合1例脓毒症休克合并急性肾功能不全患者的美罗培南给药方案的调整为例,佐证药师建议采用缩短给药间隔以及两步滴定法给药,使治疗取得良好效果,患者病情明显好转出院。     

重组人生长激素对败血症大鼠氧化损伤和抗氧化损伤的影响

目的观察重组人生长激素(rhGH)对败血症大鼠氧化损伤和抗氧化损伤的影响。方法采用ipE.coli复制大鼠败血症模型。42只♀SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C组)、败血症组(S组)及rhGH治疗组(T组),S组、T组依观察时点再分为S1d、S3d和T1d、T3d两个亚组。观测3组的血浆硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果S组大鼠血浆TBARS水平在各时点均明显高于C组和T组;T组各时点与C组无明显差异;S组大鼠血浆SOD活力在各时点均明显低于C组;T1d组与C组相比虽无显著差异,但却明显高于S1d组,T3d组明显高于C组及S3d组。结论rhGH能明显提高机体的抗氧化损伤能力。