支气管哮喘患者自我管理能力与病情控制水平相关性研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘患者自我管理能力与病情控制水平的关系,为支气管哮喘患者自我管理教育及有效预防、控制支气管哮喘提供理论依据。方法采用一般资料调查表、哮喘自我管理能力调查问卷于2014年6月15日-2014年11月15日对170例非急性发作期的支气管哮喘患者进行问卷调查,采集病史、症状,并由医生根据患者的日间症状、活动受限情况、夜间症状、每周使用缓解药次数、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、急性发作次数对哮喘控制水平进行分级。结果支气管哮喘患者自我管理能力得分为(77.070±13.891)分;支气管哮喘病人完全控制68例(40.0%),部分控制39例(22.9%),未控制63例(37.1%);支气管哮喘病人自我管理能力与疾病控制水平呈正相关(R=0.843,P0.05),自我管理能力量表各维度与疾病控制水平相关系数由大到小排列依次为用药(R=0.666)就诊(R=0.660)自我监测(R=0.640)避免诱因(R=0.601)症状的识别及处理(R=0.404)。结论随着支气管哮喘病人自我管理能力的提高,疾病控制水平也相应提高。     

Exploring telemonitoring and self-management by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A qualitative study embedded in a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo explore patient and professional views on self-management in the context of telemonitoring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsSemi-structured interviews with patients with COPD and healthcare professionals participating in a randomized controlled trial of telemonitoring in Lothian, Scotland, explored experiences of using telemonitoring, and dynamics in patient–practitioner relationships. Transcribed data were analyzed using the Framework approach.Results38 patients (mean age 67.5 years) and 32 professionals provided 70 interviews. Patients considered that telemonitoring empowered self-management by enhancing their understanding of COPD and providing additional justification for their decisions to adjust treatment or seek professional advice. Professionals discussed telemonitoring as promoting compliance with medical advice and encouraged patients to exercise personal responsibility within clinical parameters, but expressed concerns about promoting the sick role and creating dependence on telemonitoring.ConclusionTelemonitoring assisted many patients to embrace greater responsibility for their health but the model of service provision remained clinician-centered. A medical model of ‘compliant self-management’ may paradoxically have promoted dependence on professionals.Practice implicationsPatients and professionals shared responsibility for meeting the central objective of prompt management of exacerbations of COPD. Care is needed, however, to minimize the risk in some patients, of telemonitoring increasing dependence on practitioner support.     

老年糖尿病患者低血糖恐惧感发生情况及其影响因素研究

背景　低血糖恐惧感（FOH）是影响糖尿病患者血糖控制达标的重要因素,老年糖尿病患者由于对低血糖敏感性和反应能力降低而更易出现低血糖,但目前国内研究多侧重于老年糖尿病患者低血糖发生原因及影响因素,对FOH的研究报道较少见。目的　分析老年糖尿病患者FOH发生情况及其影响因素。方法　采用便利抽样方法,选取2019年3-9月在天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院就诊的老年糖尿病患者（≥60岁）720例,采用自行设计的《一般资料调查表》、中文版低血糖恐惧调查表-忧虑量表（CHFSII-WS）、Gold's法、糖尿病自我管理行为量表（SDSCA）进行问卷调查,分析其FOH、低血糖感知受损（IAH）发生情况;老年糖尿病患者发生FOH的影响因素分析采用二元Logistic回归分析（后退法）。结果　共发放问卷720份,回收有效问卷690份,问卷有效回收率为95.8%（690/720）。690例患者中有FOH者309例（44.8%）,有IAH者71例（10.3%）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,低血糖类型〔无症状性：OR=5.627,95%CI（1.133,27.949）,P=0.035;可疑症状性：OR=3.034,95%CI（1.245,7.394）,P=0.015;症状性：OR=4.444,95%CI（1.793,11.017）,P=0.001; 严 重 低 血 糖：OR=22.414,95%CI（4.099,122.554）,P=0.000〕、低 血 糖 预 防 教 育〔OR=2.203,95%CI（1.386,3.502）,P=0.001〕是老年糖尿病患者发生FOH的影响因素。结论　老年糖尿病患者FOH发生率较高（44.8%）,而低血糖类型、低血糖预防教育是老年糖尿病患者发生FOH的影响因素,医务工作者在加强老年糖尿病患者低血糖预防教育、提高患者低血糖风险意识的同时还需注意对其心理状态和IAH进行评估,以减少低血糖及FOH的发生。     

哮喘患者智能化自我管理的干预效果分析

目的 探讨运用信息智能化管理模式在干预哮喘患者的自我管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2018 年1～10月104 例哮喘患者,随机分为观察组（n=52）与对照组（n=52）。对照组给予常规哮喘护理及健康指导,观察组在对照组的基础上通过组建信息智能化管理团队,从建立哮喘专案、出院至6 个月期间,通过网络平台与患者进行沟通和健康指导,利用患者复诊时进行问卷调查,比较两组患者6 个月内的哮喘急性发作次数、再入院率、治疗依从性及生活质量各项评分的变化情况。结果 观察组患者在吸入治疗依从性、规范用药依从性及定期复诊依从性均高于对照组,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）;干预后,两组患者在呼吸症状、活动受限、睡眠质量、情感健康的生活质量评分均明显降低,观察组显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）,同时哮喘急性发作次数及再入院率观察组均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 用信息智能化管理模式干预哮喘患者的自我管理高效、便捷,能够实时帮助哮喘患者实行长期管理,减少哮喘急性发作的次数及患者的再入院率。     

Fatigue in inflammatory arthritis

Fatigue is highly prevalent in inflammatory arthritis, and people living with the symptom have described it as overwhelming and a challenge to manage. In this article, we explore the experience, impact and non-pharmacological management of fatigue from a multi-disciplinary perspective. We start by presenting qualitative evidence from people living with fatigue, including the physical, cognitive and emotional nature of the symptom and its impact on daily life. This is followed by discussion of current conceptual models of mechanisms and factors that may cause and maintain fatigue, within and between individuals. We then address the issue of fatigue measurement and modes of assessment, which is an integral aspect of management and evaluating support provision. This leads to a review of the research evidence for non-pharmacological interventions to reduce fatigue severity and impact. Finally, we consider implementation of this evidence in clinical practice and we introduce some key practical tools and techniques.     

肾移植受者应对方式对服药依从性及自我管理的影响

目的探讨肾移植受者疾病应对方式、服药依从性及其自我管理的特点,并分析应对方式对服药依从性和自我管理依从性的影响。 方法采用便利抽样选取2019年3月至5月广州医科大学附属第三医院器官移植随访门诊就诊的肾移植受者作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表、医学应对问卷、免疫抑制剂依从性Basel评估量表(BAASIS)及肾移植受者自我管理调查量表作为调查工具。所有问卷调查均在肾移植受者门诊随访时进行。采用成组t检验比较肾移植组和慢病常模组面对、回避和屈服因子得分。应用分层回归方程分析肾移植受者应对方式对服药依从性和自我管理的影响。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果肾移植受者面对因子得分[(19.8±2.9)分]最高。肾移植组和慢病常模组回避因子得分分别为(15.1±2.7)和(14.4±3.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t＝-2.320,P<0.05)。肾移植受者BAASIS得分平均为(22.2±2.6)分,125例受者中53例(42.4%)受者服药依从性好。36例(28.8%)曾在过去1个月中至少漏服1次免疫抑制剂;19例(15.2%)在过去1个月中曾出现至少1次连续漏服状况;63例(50.4%)曾在过去1个月中提前或推迟2 h服药;9例(7.2%)曾不按医嘱剂量服药。肾移植受者自我管理总得分为(91±8)分,其中68例(54.4%)自我管理水平良好,57例(45.6%)自我管理处于中等水平。受者饮食、治疗、躯体活动和社会心理管理得分分别为(29.5±3.0)、(33.4±3.4)、(15.7±2.1)和(12.4±1.6)分。面对、回避和屈服3个变量分别解释服药依从性总变异的8.6%,治疗管理总变异的13.7%,躯体活动管理总变异的7.0%,社会心理管理总变异的25.0%,整体自我管理总变异的15.0%。服药依从性的预测因子为屈服(β＝-0.252,P<0.01),饮食管理的预测因子为面对(β＝0.212,P<0.05),治疗管理的预测因子为面对(β＝0.348,P<0.01),躯体活动管理的预测因子为面对(β＝0.255,P<0.01),社会心理管理的预测因子为面对和屈服(β＝0.394和-0.271,P均<0.01),整体自我管理的预测因子为面对(β＝0.365,P<0.01)。 结论肾移植受者应对方式是服药依从性和自我管理的重要影响因素,应重视其对待疾病的态度和方式,及时转换其消极的应对策略,以提高其服药依从性和自我管理水平。     

运用纽曼健康系统模式提高脑卒中合并高血压患者自我管理能力的成效

目的 探讨纽曼健康系统模式对老年脑卒中及高血压患者护理干预的方法及效果.方法 随机选取90例老年脑卒中高血压患者分为对照组和观察组各45例,对照组采取脑卒中常规护理;观察组在常规护理的基础上采用纽曼健康系统模式对患者进行三级预防护理,比较干预前后两组患者不良生活习惯、高血压控制情况和相关知识掌握情况.结果 观察组中不良生活习惯的患者例数明显少于对照组,血压控制情况明显优于对照组,对相关知识掌握情况明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 将纽曼健康系统模式理论运用于老年脑卒中合并高血压患者,可提高患者对疾病相关知识的认知度,改变不良生活习惯,控制病情的发展,减少脑卒中高血压疾病的复发.     

社区高血压患者自我管理效果评价

目的探索社区高血压患者干预管理的有效方法。方法选取本中心管辖的4个居委,每个居委建立一个高血压患者自我管理小组,每组20例共80例患者作为实验组,随机选取同期在社区健康服务中心已建立专案分级管理的80名患者作为对照组,比较两组管理前后的健康状况及血压变化情况。结果管理6个月后,实验组在健康状况3个方面（健康自评、疲劳、情绪低落）的变化值明显好于对照组（P〈0.05）;实验组的收缩压、舒张下平均下降值明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在社区组织开展高血压患者自我管理工作能够明显提升患者的生命与生活质量,是高血压患者社区综合管理的有效方法。     

自我管理教育在肾脏移植受者围术期中的应用效果

目的评价自我管理教育在肾脏移植受者围术期中的应用效果。方法按照随机对照试验研究设计,将66例自愿参加本次调查的肾脏移植受者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组接受自我管理教育,对照组接受常规健康教育,比较两组的自我管理水平。结果观察组的自我管理水平评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自我管理教育在肾脏移植受者围术期中应用,可提高受者的自我管理水平。     

Effect of primary care-level chronic disease management policy on self-management of patients with hypertension and diabetes in Korea

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of introducing a regional chronic disease management project on the self-management of patients with hypertension and diabetes.MethodsThis study included 174,546 patients. The relationship between introducing chronic disease management in a region and the self-awareness of disease status was analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of policy adoption on medication adherence and risk-reduction behavior in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Finally, we used a difference-in-differences model to assess the net effectiveness of policies.ResultsOverall, regions with policies implemented showed more condition awareness and drug adherence than those without; however, this was only significant in regions where patients and physicians were incentivized. Risk-reduction behavior for patients with diabetes was higher in regions with policies implemented than in those without. The policy had a net effect of significantly and non-significantly increasing disease awareness and medication adherence, respectively.ConclusionChronic disease management policies at the primary care level that incentivized both patients and physicians improved patient self-management. However, the effects on patients with diabetes and hypertension differed. Future studies should account for additional patient outcomes, including long-term impact assessments and clinical outcomes.