汇合血清样本技术筛查云南血吸虫病的初步研究

目的研究汇合血清样本技术用于筛查云南血吸虫感染人群的稀释极限和最适汇合样本数.方法采用随机抽样法,对云南血吸虫病疫区人群抽样采集血样;将所采集的31份阳性血样和24份阴性血样,分别按阳性和阴性样本汇合比为1：1,1：2,1：3,1：4,1：9和1：14随机汇合,共得到汇合样本372份.用IHA检测抗体法,在稀释度分别为1：5,1：10,1：20,1：40四组中共检测1448份汇合血样,与对单份样本检测的效果进行统计分析和比较.结果在稀释度分别为1：5,1：10,1：20,1：40四组中,稀释度为1：5组IHA检测汇合样本的敏感性显著高于其它稀释度的三组,且敏感性随汇合样本数量的增加而降低.在稀释度为1：5组,当汇合样本数小于6时,IHA的敏感性仍高于90%.结论用IHA检测汇合血清样本以筛查血吸虫感染时,汇合样本的稀释限度为1：5,最适汇合血清样本数不大于6,可避免较少地漏检阳性血样.     

乌鲁木齐市献血者IgM不规则抗体筛查工作流程初探

目的:初步建立乌鲁木齐市献血者IgM型不规则抗体筛查工作流程。方法:检验科采用微板法对血浆标本进行O细胞检测,O细胞反应阳性标本报送血型室进一步进行抗体鉴定。结果:44530份标本共筛查O细胞反应阳性19例,分别是抗-H 8例,抗-P1 3例,抗-Leb 1例,抗-M 1例,自身冷抗体6例。结论:该工作流程能筛查出IgM型不规则抗体,提高输血安全,同时为稀有血型库的建立奠定一定的基础。     

结直肠癌筛查影响因素的研究进展简

结直肠癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤,近几年其发病率在全球范围内飙升.筛查可以早期发现病变,然而文献报道结直肠癌筛查顺应性不理想.由于社会多极性和文化多元性的存在,结直肠癌筛查的影响因素具有多样性.本综述剖析结直肠癌筛查影响因素的各项研究,可以为城市居民开展恶性肿瘤的二级预防工作提供理论借鉴,从而提高筛查率,达到早期诊治、降低病死率的目的.     

2型糖尿病住院患者456例营养风险筛查分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病住院患者营养风险筛查的情况.方法 采用营养风险筛查2002对456例2型糖尿病住院患者进行营养风险筛查,分析营养风险发生状况,及其与性别、年龄、住院时间的关系.结果 456例2型糖尿病住院患者中,营养风险发生率21.5％,男性及女性患者的营养风险发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).营养风险评分与年龄呈正相关(P＜0.05),而与住院时间无显著相关性(P＞0.05).存在营养风险患者与无营养风险患者住院时间超过平均住院时间者比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 2型糖尿病住院患者存在一定的营养风险,年龄越大越易出现营养风险.     

老年住院患者压疮发生危险度与营养风险的相关性

目的探讨营养风险对老年住院患者压疮发生危险度的影响,为制定针对性预防措施提供依据。方法应用营养风险筛查表(Nutritional Risk Screening 2002,NRS 2002)对626例消化科老年住院患者进行营养风险筛查,用χ2检验分析营养风险及营养支持对有营养风险组(NRS≥3分)和无营养风险组(NRS<3分)压疮发生率的影响。计算营养风险对老年住院患者压疮发生危险度的影响。结果营养不足者176例,有营养风险者327例,无营养风险者299例,压疮发生率分别为38.64%、32.11%和4.35%。有营养风险老年患者发生压疮的危险度是营养正常者的7.39倍。对营养不足和有营养风险患者实施营养支持可减少压疮发生率。结论对有营养风险的老年患者,制订完整的营养支持计划,保证充足的蛋白质和能量摄入,有助于阻止或延缓压疮的形成。     

10 272例宫颈液基细胞学检查结果分析

目的探讨宫颈病变的临床特点及液基薄层细胞学检测术(TCT)在宫颈病变筛查中的作用。方法对10272例门诊及住院患者行TCT检测。细胞学检查阳性者继行阴道镜检查及多点活检,并送组织病理学检查和免疫组化高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)16或/和18的检测。结果在10272例TCT检测中,1172例属于非典型鳞状细胞(ASC)及其以上病变,其中ASC534例,非典型腺细胞(AGC)12例,低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)242例,高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)338例,宫颈癌46例。组织学诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)1为309例,CIN2为151例,CIN3为277例,宫颈癌为112例。组织学与TCT的符合率在LSIL为30.99%(75/242),HSIL为65.38%(221/338),宫颈癌为82.61%(38/46)。CIN的高发阶段为31～40岁,其次为41～50岁年龄段;宫颈癌的高发阶段为41～50岁,其次为31～40岁年龄段。在10272例中,宫颈糜烂4491例,伴CIN426例;滴虫感染503例,伴CIN57例;霉菌感染693例,伴CIN72例;HPV阳性944例,伴CIN760例。结论宫颈病变具有十分...     

2010年北京市永外地区适龄妇女两癌筛查工作分析研究

目的通过对我院承担永外地区2010年适龄妇女两癌筛查工作进行分析,总结经验与不足,为今后两癌筛查工作提供借鉴。方法对两癌筛查的流程、结果等进行汇总分。结果共有3357例适龄妇女进行了宫颈癌的筛查,3105例适龄妇女进行乳腺癌筛查,其中筛出宫颈癌人数为0例,可疑病变38例;筛查出乳腺可疑病例13例,确诊乳腺癌2例。结论两癌筛查工作,是由政府为主导,多部门协作,全社会参与的妇女常见病防治模式和协作机制,对女性健康起到了促进作用,医疗机构在此项工作中发挥了重要的作用。     

Frequency of antibodies to Toxocara in Cuban schoolchildren

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of antibodies to Toxocara in Cuban schoolchildren. Methods The frequency of antibodies to Toxocara canis was assessed with a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays kit in school‐aged children from two municipalities of Cuba. Univariate analysis and a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, municipality and co‐infection with helminth and/or protozoa were conducted. Results The percentage of children with antibodies to Toxocara was 38.8% (392/1011; 95% CI = 36.8–42.8). Antibody positivity was significantly associated with gender and co‐infections with intestinal parasites, but not with age or municipality. Conclusion Cuban children are highly exposed to the Toxocara parasite, corresponding well with reported environmental contamination with Toxocara parasite eggs and T. canis prevalences in dogs in Cuba. Relevant policy makers and the Cuban population need to be better informed about this preventable infection.     

Standardization of thromboelastography: a report from the TEG‐ROTEM working group

Summary. Laboratory evaluation of bleeding disorders has been performed with the standard clotting assays such as the PT and PTT for several decades. Our improved understanding of the process of blood coagulation has now revealed the important role played by the cellular elements such as platelets, monocytes and red blood cells. The need for a test that can assess clotting in a more ‘global’ manner, beyond the initiation of clot formation, has led to greater interest in assays such as thrombin generation and thromboelastography. Even though there are several publications using thromboelastography it remains a research tool as the methodology is not standardized. In an attempt to show reproducibility and consistency using thromboelastography, a group of investigators from different countries joined hands to form the TEG‐ROTEM Working Group. Two studies were performed using PRP and FVIII deficient plasma and an intrinsic pathway activator. This article summarizes the results of the first international effort at standardization of thromboelastography. Both of the instruments using this technology (TEG^® and ROTEM^®) were used. Nine laboratories from countries around the globe participated in this effort. The results showed a significant inter‐laboratory variance with CV’s greater than 10%. Although these results were not satisfactory, this has been the first effort to standardize this methodology and significant work remains to be done to improve reliability and reproducibility. These studies were performed on PRP and the results may be more reliable when preformed on whole blood samples. We believe that it is important to continue this work so that we may investigate the usefulness and potential applications of thromboelastography in the evaluation of bleeding and thrombosis.