超声筛查胎儿发育异常的回归模型构建研究

目的 用Logistic多因素非条件回归分析，建立超声筛查胎儿发育异常回归模型。方法对影响胎儿发育异常的各个因素进行非条件Logistic回归分析，计算标准偏回归系数、0R值等。结果共有7个因素进入方程，从各影响因素的标准偏回归系及OR值大小分析，以股骨、孕妇年龄、羊水对回归模型影响较大。结论胎儿发育异常与多种因素有关，股骨短小的孕妇应作为超声重点监测对象。     

儿少心理问题筛查表的编制和信效度分析

目的：编制一个用于儿童和青少年的心理问题筛查表，检验其信度和效度。方法：用新编的心理问题筛查表测查全国12个省（市）9278名儿童或他们的父母和143名临床样本，间隔5周的重测样本87人，父母和儿童报告一致性检验样本56人，效标效度样本65人。用相关分析和因素分析考查量表的信度和效度。结果：新编筛查表具有较好的信度（重测信度为0．761、Crobacha系数为0．949、分半信度为0．868、评定者信度为0．799）；正常儿童在筛查表上的得分显著高于临床样本的得分；新编筛查表总分和分量表与儿童行为量表总分和类似分量表有显著的相关：探索性因素分析和验证性斟素分析与量表编制者的理论构想一致。结论：儿少心理健康量表具有较好的信度和效度．可以用于儿童和青少年的心理问题的筛查．     

Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum of Canadian hepatitis B surface antigen negative,anti-HBc positive individuals,using the polymerase chain reaction

Continuing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is normally associated with the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. In spite of sensitive screening assays for HBsAg, rare cases of post-transfusion HBV infection are still observed. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) often indicates remote HBV infection but DNA hybridisation and more sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have demonstrated that some HBsAg negative individuals, positive for anti-HBc, have continuing HBV replication. To determine the incidence of ongoing HBV infection in a Canadian HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive population we studied three groups with this combination of HBV markers: Group A, 36 patients referred for investigation of raised serum aminotransferases; Group B, 21 Canadian Red Cross blood donors; Group C, seven vaccinees in an Ottawa Health Care Student hepatitis B vaccination programme. The PCR was carried out using a nested PCR reaction with primers specific for the pre-core region of HBV. Seven of 36 (19%) patients in Group A had detectable HBV DNA whereas none of Group B or C were positive. This data indicates that in some HBsAg negative patients with ongoing hepatic inflammation, continuing HBV replication may persist. This was not observed in any healthy blood donors or health care students investigated. Larger studies are required, but this data would suggest that, in Canada, the addition of anti-HBc testing for all blood donors for detection of low level HBV replication would not be indicated. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

HBV pre-vaccination screening in hospital personnel: Cost-effectiveness analysis

The purpose of this study was to identify the most cost effective method for screening subjects for hepatitis B vaccination. Such a method would ideally permit detection of all susceptible individuals at the lowest possible cost.Two-hundred-five hospital workers from the Piedmont region of Italy participated in the study. The sero-epidemiological conditions of this group with regard to hepatitis B markers was representative of hospital workers in this region as a whole. All subjects, excluding carriers, persons with anti-HBs titers 10 mIU and subjects positive for anti-HBc at a 1/100 dilution, were vaccinated. Their responses were evaluated 15 days and 1 month after vaccination. The presence of a booster effect following vaccination was correlated with the immunological status of the subject at the time of pre-vaccination screening.In the light of the results obtained, 5 screening procedures and the procedure of vaccination without screening were evaluated. The most cost effective screening strategy proved to be that of sequential testing for anti-HBc, anti-HBs and finally HBsAg and vaccination of the following subjects: those who were negative for anti-HBc, those who were anti-HBc-positive with anti-HBs titers 10相似文献   

唐氏综合征筛查方法研究进展

唐氏综合征是一种最常见的常染色体疾病,是造成智力低下的重要原因。采用母体血清标记物进行唐氏综合征胎儿的筛查是一种非侵入性的检查方法,已成为近年来的研究热点。本文介绍了用于筛查唐氏综合征的各种母体血清标记物、各类筛查方案、筛查方法及影响因素。     

与人精子有共同抗原的临床细菌分离株的筛选

紧ＲＡＨＳ－Ａｂ与４９３株临床细菌分离株进行玻片凝集反应，筛选出４种１１株可与ＲＡＨＳ－Ａｂ发生明显凝集反应的细菌株。选择其中Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ５０６株作进一步研究。制备Ｅ。ｃｏｌｉ５０６株全菌蛋白进行包被，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测可与ＲＡＨＳ－Ａｂ出现阳性反应。进一步将全菌蛋白与ＲＡＨＳ－Ａｂ进行Ｗｅｓｔａｒｎ印迹反应，发现可出现数处理阳性反应带，其中们于３６ｋＤ和６７ｋＤ的两个条带反应最为明显。制备人精子蛋白     

Assessment of oestrogenic potency of chemicals used as growth promoter by in-vitro methods

Three in-vitro bioassays were used to compare the oestrogenic potency of chemicals used as growth promoter in beef cattle in certain non-European Union countries (17beta-oestradiol, alpha-zearalanol, testosterone, trenbolone, trenbolone acetate, melengestrol acetate) or found as food contaminant such as the mycotoxin zearalenone and some of their metabolites (17alpha-oestradiol, oestrone, 17alpha-epitestosterone, 19-nortestosterone, androstendione, zearalanone, alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalanol, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol). The strong oestrogens 17alpha-ethinyl oestradiol and diethylstilboestrol were used as standards. The first bioassay was based on the activation of a reporter gene by oestrogens in recombinant yeast expressing human or rainbow trout oestrogen receptor. In the second bioassay, the vitellogenin gene induction of rainbow trout hepatocyte cultures was used as a biomarker for the exposure to oestrogens. The third bioassay was based on the alkaline phosphatase gene induction by oestrogens in the human endometrial Ishikawa cell line. The assessment of oestrogenic potency of these chemicals clearly demonstrates the strong oestrogenicity of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its metabolites and particularly alpha-zearalenol which was as potent as ethinyl oestradiol and diethylstilboestrol in the human endometrial Ishikawa cell line.     

我国消除丙型肝炎的普通人群HCV检测策略的成本效果分析

目的 分析我国消除丙型肝炎（丙肝）的普通人群HCV检测策略的成本效果,明确最佳成本效果的HCV检测年龄。方法 运用TreeAge pro 2019软件构建决策树马尔科夫模型,以1年为周期,模拟10万名20~59岁各年龄组人群HCV检测和治疗结果,以全社会角度分析策略间比较的成本效果和效益。效果指标为增量成本效果比（ICER）,效益指标为净货币效益（NMB）,以我国2022年人均国内生产总值（85 698元）为意愿支付阈值。通过单因素敏感性分析和概率敏感性分析评估结果可靠性。结果 在20~59岁人群HCV检测有成本效果,在40~49岁年龄组进行HCV检测成本效果最佳。20~59岁年龄组人群HCV检测策略与未HCV检测策略比较,增量成本为161.24元/人,增量效用为0.003 6质量调整寿命年（QALYs）/人,ICER为45 197.26元/QALY,ICER小于意愿支付阈值,具有成本效果。各年龄组人群HCV检测策略与未HCV检测策略比较,ICER为42 055.06~53 249.43元/QALY,NMB为96.52~169.86元/人,其中40~49岁年龄组的ICER最低,NMB最高。单因素敏感性分析结果显示,贴现率、丙肝抗体（抗-HCV）检测成本、人群抗-HCV阳性率和直接抗病毒药物治疗成本对经济学评价影响较大,但改变参数取值,结论不变。概率敏感性分析结果表明模型分析结果稳定。结论 医疗机构探索动员20~59岁普通人群进行HCV检测具有较好的成本效果,以40~49岁年龄组人群的HCV检测成本效果最佳。在我国普通人群中实施HCV检测的“愿检尽检”策略,能降低人群丙肝疾病负担。     

学习障碍儿筛检测试的应用研究

目的：为在我国开展学习障碍的研究提供筛查工具,对日本PRS在江苏省进行标准化研究。方法：采用PRS测试江苏省12市城乡5～15岁普通学校中小学生和幼儿园儿童6676名,进行标准化研究。结果：PRS项目测试具有较高的可靠性,言语性以及非言语性领域Cronbach’sa系数均大于093,全项目则达到096;因子分析则间接提示本次测试的有效性;各项目得分比日本样本更接近正态分布,各项目以及各领域得分均略高于日本。作为筛查学习障碍界值是合适的。结论：PRS在江苏省可用于筛俭学习能力障碍,需进一步加强应用研究。     

In vitro schedule-dependency of myelotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743)

Background: Ecteinascidin (ET-743) is a marine derived compound with an interesting preclinical profile currently completing phase I clinical trials. The present study was undertaken to compare the toxicity of different schedules of ET-743 against human hemopoietic progenitors and tumour cell lines.Materials and methods: Human hemopoietic progenitors and solid tumour cell lines were incubated with ET-743 for one hour, 24 hours and one hour daily for five consecutive days to define by comparison an in vitro therapeutic index. Additional experiments were set up to assess whether incubation for 24 hours or five days could change either the sensitivity of cells or the activity of ET-743.Results: Prolonged or repeated exposures were more toxic than a single one hour exposure (P < 0.001), but due to the higher sensitivity to prolonged exposure of several tumor cell lines, prolonged treatment yielded a more favorable in vitro therapeutic index. After incubation for 24 hours, ET-743 showed a significantly (P < 0.01) lower inhibiting capacity. Incubation before treatment rendered progenitors more resistant, but incubation after treatment increased their sensitivity, so that overall the toxicity of ET-743 on hemopoietic cells appears to be close to AUC dependency.Conclusions: Despite the possible effect of some experimental artefacts, prolonged exposure could represent the best schedule of administration of ET-743.