大鼠腮腺及颌下腺唾液的收集

目的:探讨大鼠腮腺及颌下腺唾液的收集方法。方法:采用微型Lashley吸盘法收集大鼠腮腺唾液,经口内颌下腺导管口直接插管法收集颌下腺唾液。毛果芸香碱刺激唾液分泌,假设唾液的比重为1.0 g/cm3,以唾液重量代表其体积,记录唾液流率。结果:大鼠腮腺唾液流率(9.9±1.4)μL/m in,颌下腺导管插管唾液流率(19.9±10.8)μL/m in。结论:可以采用微型吸盘法收集大鼠腮腺唾液,经口内颌下腺导管口直接插管法收集大鼠颌下腺唾液。     

健康成人唾液与血浆中巯基化合物浓度增龄性变化初探

目的 分析健康成人唾液与血浆巯基化合物浓度与年龄、性别的关系,探讨唾液与血浆巯基化合物浓度的关联及增龄性变化,为临床检测提供参考.方法 选取2013年12月至2014年6月于解放军总医院健康管理研究院国宾部体检中心体检的健康成年志愿者306名(151名女性,155名男性),分为青年组(106名,20～ 44岁,48名女性,58名男性)、中年组(109名,45～ 59岁,63名女性,46名男性)和老年组(91名,60～ 79岁,40名女性,51名男性),分别检测唾液与血浆巯基化合物浓度.结果 306名健康成人唾液与血浆巯基化合物浓度分别为(123±27)和(427±124) μmol/L.随着年龄的增加,唾液与血浆巯基化合物浓度均显著减少(P＜0.01);老年组唾液和血浆巯基化合物浓度均显著低于青年组和中年组(P＜0.01);唾液巯基化合物浓度的男女总体差异无统计学意义(P=0.451),但血浆巯基化合物浓度的男女总体差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);唾液和血浆巯基化合物浓度显著正相关(r=0.5050,P＜O.01).结论 唾液巯基化合物浓度能大体反映血浆巯基化合物浓度,唾液巯基化合物检测有望代替血浆巯基化合物检测成为衰老的生物学指标.     

内镜标本端粒酶定量检测对良恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的　为探讨胆胰系统恶性肿瘤组织与端粒酶表达的关系 ,并在术前找出一种简便、安全、快速的早期诊断及鉴别良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法。方法　对梗阻性黄疸病例于术前行内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)检查 ,于造影前抽取胆汁或胰液、部分病例取活检组织 ,并于开腹手术当中再次切取癌组织标本 ,所有标本进行端粒酶活性的定量检测 ,所得数据进行统计学处理。结果　 (1)恶性梗阻性黄疸组织标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 87 5 0 % (2 8/ 32 ) ,良性梗阻性黄疸组织标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ;(2 )恶性梗阻性黄疸体液标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 71 88% (2 3/ 32 ) ,良性梗阻性黄疸体液标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ,恶性梗阻性黄疸内镜下钳取的活检组织 ,其端粒酶阳性率为 83 33% (10 / 12 )。结论　在术前通过十二指肠镜采集患者的胆汁和胰液 ,并钳取活检组织 ,分别进行端粒酶活性的定量检测 ,这是一种简便、安全、快速的早期诊断及鉴别良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法。     

Identification of oral bacteria by 16S rRNA gene analysis in elderly persons requiring nursing care

After incubation of saliva from 58 semi-bedridden elderly persons, the cultures were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene base sequence to compare the identification by the conventional culture method. As a result, the 16S rRNA gene base sequence of 198 strains identified by the culture method showed 98.5% or more homology in some of the Human Oral Microbiome database, and the identification of bacterial species and genus was possible. When an organism identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method was compared with that by the culture method, the concordance rates were 54.5% at the genus level and 35.9% at the species level. Streptococcus mitis strains most frequently isolated from saliva that were identified by the culture method were identified as the same species by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method (32/35), and all the 11 Streptococcus salivarius strains identified by the culture method were identified as the same species by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the strains identified as Streptococcus anginosus group by the culture method and 8 of the 9 strains identified as Prevotella species by the culture method were identified as the same group and genus by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. When an oral microbial flora test with saliva samples from elderly persons is performed, the 16S rRNA gene sequence identification enables us to identify major indigenous bacteria and pathogenic bacteria and is considered useful as a means of supplementing the conventional culture method.     

A method for determining reference points in celloidin specimens for computer graphic reconstruction

Summary For three-dimensional computer graphic reconstruction of histological sections, it is important to determine reference points. We have developed a machine that makes reference points in a celloidin block for this purpose by drilling holes straight into the block. A sliding microtome is placed under the machine, which consists of a worktable, a stand, and a motor-driven unit. The celloidin block is sectioned on a microtome to determine a plane for serial sectioning. Several holes are then drilled in the block vertical to the plane selected. Serially sectioned specimens are next stained with hematoxylin and eosin and are mounted in the usual manner. Threedimensional reconstructions of the specimens were next done using a PC-9801 computer and CosmoZone-S software. As an example, the reconstruction of a guinea pig stapes is described.     

Salivary carbonic anhydrase VI and its relation to salivary flow rate and buffer capacity in pregnant and non-pregnant women

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that pregnancy may have unfavourable effects on oral health. The pH and buffer capacity (BC) of paraffin-stimulated saliva, for example, have been found to decrease towards late pregnancy. Salivary carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) probably protects the teeth by accelerating the neutralization of hydrogen ions in the enamel pellicle on dental surfaces. Since estrogens and androgens are known to regulate CA expression in some tissues, we studied here whether salivary CA VI concentration shows pregnancy-related changes. DESIGN: Paraffin-stimulated salivary samples were collected from nine pregnant women 1 month before delivery and about 2 months afterwards and assayed for salivary CA VI concentration, BC and flow rate. The enzyme concentration was determined using a specific time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The control group consisted of 17 healthy non-pregnant women. RESULTS: The results indicated that salivary CA VI levels varied markedly among individuals, but no significant differences in mean concentrations were seen between the samples collected during late pregnancy and postpartum. BC values were lower during pregnancy, however. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that CA VI secretion is not significantly affected by the hormonal alterations associated with pregnancy, and confirm the earlier reports that CA VI is not involved in the regulation of actual salivary BC.     

Proteins in the saliva of the Ixodida (ticks): pharmacological features and biological significance.

The saliva of ticks (Suborder Ixodida) is critical to their survival as parasites. A tick bite should result in strong responses from the host defence systems (haemostatic, immune and inflammatory) but tick saliva appears to have evolved to counter these responses. We review current knowledge of tick saliva components, with emphasis on those molecules confirmed to be present in the secreted saliva but including some that have only been confirmed to be present in salivary glands. About 50 tick saliva proteins that are well described in the literature are discussed. These saliva components include enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, amine-binding proteins and cytokine homologues that act as anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory or immuno-modulatory agents. Sequence comparisons are illustrated. The importance of tick saliva and the significance of the findings to date are also discussed.     

端粒酶活性在肺癌患者痰液脱落细胞中表达的临床价值研究

目的　探讨端粒酶活性在肺癌患者痰液中表达的临床意义。方法　运用端粒酶PCR 酶联免疫吸附测定法 (ELISA)检测了 45例肺癌、2 5例肺部良性疾病及 2例转移性肺癌患者痰液标本中的端粒酶活性。结果　肺癌患者痰液标本中端粒酶活性阳性率为 55.6 % (2 5/ 4 5) ,肺部良性疾病患者的痰液标本中端粒酶活性阳性率为 2 8.0 % (7/ 2 5) ,二者经统计学处理有显著性差异 (χ2 =5 .62 8,P <0 .0 5)。结论　检测肺癌患者痰液中端粒酶活性检测有助于肺部良恶性疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断。