体外冲击波对兔输尿管形态及组织学影响的研究

目的 :探讨冲击波 (SW )对输尿管形态的影响。方法 :将 4 2只成年兔随机分为 7组 ,每组 6只。第 1组为正常对照组 ;第 2～ 6组为液电式SW组 ;第 7组为电磁式SW组。各组接受冲击并在冲击后不同时间取材。全部标本行常规病理检查并予评分。结果 :第 2～ 5组和第 7组 ,肉眼可见焦点周围组织有出血、水肿等改变 ,输尿管直径较冲击前显著增加 (P <0 .0 1 )。光镜下可见平滑肌细胞变性及管腔狭窄 ,病理量化评分显著高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;电镜下则有肌细胞线粒体破坏等改变。第 6组形态改变不明显 ,病理评分和正常组的区别无显著性意义。结论 :临床剂量的冲击波能导致输尿管多种病理变化。冲击后第 5天 ,输尿管形态已基本恢复正常。由液电式和电磁式冲击波所致的输尿管急性损伤程度无明显的区别     

Neues und Bewährtes in der Kinderchirurgie

Zusammenfassung Die in den letzten 25 Jahren erzielten Fortschritte der Kinderchirurgie werden vor allem in der Anwendung der Ergebnisse der Grundlagenforschung, in neuen Untersuchungsverfahren, wie der Sonographie und der Computertomographie, sowie in der zunehmenden klinischen Erfahrung mit, entsprechender Adaptierung der Operationsmethoden gesehen. Dafür werden einige, für die Praxis relevante Beispiele angeführt.      

Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of the VNTR locus D1S80 in central Spain

Summary The polymorphism of the D1S80 locus has been analyzed in a population sample of 203 unrelated individuals living in Madrid (central Spain) by PCR and subsequent semi-dry discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tris-chloride/Tris-glycine buffer system) followed by silver staining, The electrophoretic system described in this study offers high resolution in the separation of the different D1S80 alleles allowing the detection of microvariability around the allele T22 in the spanish population. Twenty different alleles containing 17–40 repeats of the basic 16bp unit were distinguished. The alleles T18 and T24 were found to be relatively common in Spain, as in other populations:, with frequencies of 0.224 and 0.372, respectively. No evidence of significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in these preliminary population data.     

频闪喉镜对声带病理情况观察的研究

对1997年以来423例病态喉的频闪喉镜表现进行分析,结果显示声带有病理改变者其粘膜波、振幅、闭合相、运动周期性、对称性均有不同程度的变化,这种变化能直接反映声带病变的深度及范围,对喉部疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗指导及预后评价具有重要意义.     

Fragmentation process of current laser lithotriptors

Background and Objective: Flashlamp pumped dye (FPDL), Q-switched Nd:YAG, and alexandrite lasers are the most clinically used laser lithotriptors. Although calculi are fragmented by laser induced mechanical stresses for all lithotriptors, different fragment sizes and fragmentation efficiencies have been reported. In this work the effect of the pulse duration and pulse shape on the fragmentation processes is studied. Material and Methods: Fragmentation processes are characterized on model stones and on sensing target fibers. Stone fragmentation and cavitation bubble generation are observed by video flash photography. Shock wave occurrence and strength are monitored with an hydrophone. Results: For the FPDL, stone fragmentation is induced by the collapse of the large cavitation bubble formed. For the Q-switched Nd:YAG, fragmentation is already observed during the laser pulse, at the plasma onset, although further fragmentation can occur at the bubble collapse. For pulse durations corresponding to the alexandrite, an intermediate fragmentation regime is observed. Conclusion: For the first time the physical basis of the observed differences in the fragmentation efficiencies of current laser lithotriptors is described. For nanosecond durations the fragmentation processes are governed by plasma induced shock waves. On the contrary, for microsecond durations fragmentation is governed by cavitation. The high fragmentation efficiency of microsecond lasers is due to a high laser energy transfer into cavitation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The relation between conduction velocity and axonal length

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) obtained by electrical root stimulation and F waves were used to examine the proximal nerve conduction velocity (CV) to tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles in 40 humans. By subtracting motor latencies obtained by stimulating the peripheral nerve at the same point from the F-wave and MEP latencies, we could measure the CV over identical proximal segments. It was found that proximal CV to TA and FCR was significantly higher than to EDB and APB, respectively. Combining the data of the proximal CV to all four muscles in relation with axonal length resulted in a highly significant inverse relationship (r² = 0.77). Thus the axonal length explained to a large extent the higher CV of the arm nerves and also the inverse relation between body height and CV. The distal CV was always lower than proximal CV; however, there was no support for an additional effect of this gradient in explaining the relationship between CV and height since it was constant for all body heights. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

不同剂量体外冲击波治疗肱骨外上髁炎的疗效对比

目的 比较不同能流密度的体外冲击波(extracorporeal shock wave, ESW)治疗肱骨外上髁炎(lateral epicondylitis, LE)的短期临床疗效,探索ESW的最佳治疗剂量。方法 将120例LE患者分为A、B、C和D 4组,均使用ESW治疗4周,各组的能流密度分别为0.06、0.08、0.10、0.12 mJ/mm²。分别在治疗前及治疗后4、24及48周,比较4组患者疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分、肱骨外上髁炎功能评估(patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation, PRTEE)评分及末次随访患者满意度和复发率。结果 按时间点比较,各组VAS评分治疗前最高,治疗后48周降至最低(P<0.05),4组患者满意度及复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但C组患者满意度(96.67%)明显高于A组(80%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.04)。按组间比较观察,治疗前各组患肘VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后4、24和48...     

Human slow-wave sleep and the cerebral cortex

SUMMARY  Recent hypotheses about the roles of human slow-wave sleep (hSWS—delta EEG activity) are appraised. The possible linkage between hSWS and the functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are explored with respect to normal subjects and to disorders involving PFC deficits.     

Overexpression of S100A4 is closely related to the aggressiveness of gastric cancer

Elevated levels of the calcium-binding protein S100A4 cause metastasis of benign rat mammary tumor cells. To investigate whether S100A4 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancers, we examined the gene mutations in the coding regions and expression patterns of the S100A4 in gastric adenocarcinoma in Korea. Moderate to strong expression of S100A4 was found in 53 (68.8%) of the 77 gastric adenocarcinomas, whilst normal gastric epithelium either failed to stain or showed weak staining. Interestingly, S100A4 expression was more frequently observed in gastric cancer patients with advanced gastric cancer (p=0.039), positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.001), and peritoneal dissemination (p=0.022). No gene mutations were found in the analyzed genomic area in 77 gastric adenocarcinomas and 15 gastric cancer cell lines. We found one single nucleotide polymorphism without an amino acid change, A99G, in two cases. These data suggest that the overexpression of S100A4 may be closely related to the aggressiveness of gastric cancer in Korea.     

Cytogenetic analysis in human breast tumors

Cytogenetic analysis using C-, G-, and Ag-nucleolus organizer region (NOR) staining techniques, performed on established cell lines as well as directly processed breast tumor effusions, revealed that: 1) chromosome No. 1 is involved in translocation; 2) based on 1q translocation chromosome, breast tumors could be classified into two groups; and 3) double minutes and homogeneously staining regions may be present in breast tumor cells in vivo as well as in vitro, and that homogeneously staining regions may exhibit some heterogeneity in staining.