Co-segregation of the PROS1 locus and protein S deficiency in families having no detectable mutations in PROS1.

Inherited deficiency of protein S constitutes an important risk factor of venous thrombosis. Many reports have demonstrated that causative mutations in the protein S gene are found only in approximately 50% of the cases with protein S deficiency. It is uncertain whether the protein S gene is causative in all cases of protein S deficiency or if other genes are involved in cases where no mutation is identified. The aim of the current study was to determine whether haplotypes of the protein S gene cosegregate with the disease phenotype in cases where no mutations have been found. Eight protein S-deficient families comprising 115 individuals where previous DNA sequencing had failed to detect any causative mutations were analyzed using four microsatellite markers in the protein S gene region. Co-segregation between microsatellite haplotypes and protein S deficiency was found in seven of the investigated families, one family being uninformative. This suggests that the causative genetic defects are located in or close to the protein S gene in a majority of such cases where no mutations have been found.     

枣花丹合剂对失眠症夜间慢波睡眠影响的研究

目的:观察枣花丹合剂对失眠症夜间慢波睡眠的影响。方法:选择无器质性病变,每天睡眠少于240~300min为主症者64例患者随机分为两组。枣花丹合剂组在08:00和19:00时分别服用枣花丹合剂200mL。对照组在08:00和19:00时服同量红糖水,连服4周。睡眠监测的数据包括记录时间、非快动眼睡眠期、快动眼睡眠期、睡眠时间、觉醒时间、睡眠比、觉醒比。结果:枣花丹合剂组与对照组相比,夜间睡眠Ⅰ、Ⅱ期减少,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期增加;夜间觉醒次数减少,总睡眠时间明显增加;SWS睡眠结构比改变,SWS睡眠的连续性好、周期性显著,明显优于对照组改变,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:枣花丹合剂可以增加失眠症夜间慢波睡眠,是治疗失眠症的一种有效和较好治疗方法。     

Executive functions processed in the frontal and lateral temporal cortices: Intracerebral study

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the neurocognitive network in the frontal and lateral temporal cortices that is activated by the complex cognitive visuomotor tasks of letter writing. METHODS: Eight epilepsy surgery candidates with implanted intracerebral depth electrodes performed two tasks involving the writing of single letters. The first task consisted of copying letters. In the second task, the patients were requested to write any other letter. The cognitive load of the second task was increased mainly by larger involvement of the executive functions. The task-related ERD/ERS of the alpha, beta and gamma rhythms was studied. RESULTS: The alpha and beta ERD as the activational correlate of writing of single letters was found in the sensorimotor cortex, anterior cingulate, premotor, parietal cortices, SMA and the temporal pole. The alpha and beta ERD linked to the increased cognitive load was present moreover in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and surprisingly also the temporal neocortex. Gamma ERS was detected mostly in the left motor cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Particularly the temporal neocortex was activated by the increased cognitive load. SIGNIFICANCE: The lateral temporal cortex together with frontal areas forms a cognitive network processing executive functions.     

黄芪对ESWL致兔肾损伤后缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在ESWL致肾脏损伤中的作用及黄芪是否通过调节HIF-1α的表达而发挥对肾脏的保护作用。方法45只家兔随机分为对照组、ESWL损伤组和黄芪治疗组,每组15只,除对照组外,所有动物接受ESWL处理（18kV,1 500次）。黄芪治疗组家兔于冲击前3d至后2d,每天注射黄芪注射液2.0g/kg。2周后处死家兔,取肾脏HE染色观察肾组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学染色观察HIF-1α在肾脏中的表达。结果ESWL处理后肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,小管内可见大量管型,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润;黄芪治疗组以上病变显著减轻。ESWL损伤组HIF-1α显著表达于肾小管上皮细胞及间质,黄芪能够明显抑制HIF-1α的表达。结论HIF-1α参与了ESWL对肾脏的损伤,黄芪可能通过抑制HIF-1α的表达发挥对肾脏的保护作用。     

Differential Cellular Gene Expression in Ganglioglioma

Summary:  Purpose:  Gangliogliomas (GGs) are neuronal-glial tumors highly associated with epilepsy. We hypothesized that the expression of select gene families including neurotransmitter receptor subunits and growth factors would be distinct in neurons and astrocytes within GG compared with adjacent cortex and that these changes would yield insights into seizure onset and lesion formation.
Methods:  Candidate gene expression was defined in single immunohistochemically labeled neurons and astrocytes microdissected from GG specimens compared with neurons and astrocytes microdissected from morphologically intact cortex adjacent to the GG or normal control cortex.
Results:  Differential expression of 16 genes including glutamate transporter (EAAC1) and receptor (NMDA2C, mGluR5), growth factor (hepatocyte growth factor), and receptor (platelet derived growth factor receptor β, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) mRNAs was detected in GG neurons compared with control neurons. In astrocytes, altered expression of p75NGF, mGluR3, TGFβ3 and Glt-1 mRNAs was detected. Nestin mRNA, a gene that exhibits enhanced expression in balloon cell cortical dysplasia, was increased in GG neurons. Because of the morphological similarities between GG and cortical dysplasia, we show that there is activation of the mTOR cascade in GG as evidenced by enhanced expression of phospho-p70S6kinase and phosphoribosomal S6 proteins.
Conclusion:  We find differential candidate gene expression in neurons and astrocytes in GG compared with adjacent cortex and show that there is activation of the mTOR pathway. These changes highlight pathways that may be pivotal for epileptogenesis and lesion growth.     

急性心肌梗死患者J波的临床研究

目的　研究心电图有 J波的急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)患者的临床情况。方法　选择住院的急性心肌梗死患者 10 2例 ,心电图有 J波者 5 0例为研究组 ,心电图无 J波者 5 2例为对照组 ,比较两组临床情况。结果　心电图有 J波组比心电图无 J波组发生胸闷 ( 3 0 /5 0∶ 2 0 /5 2 ,P<0 .0 5 )、前壁心肌梗死 ( 2 8/5 0∶ 18/5 2 ,P<0 .0 5 )、合并糖尿病 ( 14/5 0∶ 4/5 2 ,P<0 .0 5 )、超声心动图检查发生舒张功能减低 ( 2 4/5 0∶ 14/5 2 ,P<0 .0 5 )、心电图检查发现室性心动过速 ( 11/5 0∶ 1/5 1,P<0 .0 5 )者多。结论　心电图有 J波者比心电图无 J波者临床情况差 ,易于发生严重心律失常     

Epitope Context and Reshaping of Activated T Helper Cell Repertoire

In recent years, a growing interest in the study of peptide antigenicity in relation to the role of flanking sequences and protein topology in processing, presentation, and recognition has been observed. However, the information available on the antigenicity of recombinant fusion proteins and their effect on the selection of antigen receptor repertoires is limited. To analyze the role of molecular topology of T epitopes in a system relevant to human pathology, we have used the bacterially expressed Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S transferase (GST) to construct recombinant antigens containing HIV-1 derived T cell determinants, and human T cell clones specific for these determinants. We found that antigenicity of a given GST—peptide combination was not the same when T cells and antigen presenting cells from different individuals were tested. Our results show that differences in processing and presentation of chimeric proteins are not dictated by the use of diverse restriction elements. We also found that the context in which an antigenic peptide is delivered affects the recruited repertoire as defined according to T cell receptor Vβ usage and fine specificities of selected T cells.     

F wave studies after intrathecal methotrexate administration

Electrophysiological examinations were done on 20 patients aged 40–71 years with recently diagnosed high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. General chemotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy in order to prevent central nervous system (CNS) involvement were begun. On the first day of chemotherapeutic cycle patients received intrathecally methotrexate (ITMTX) and prednisolone. Electrophysiological study was carried out twice in each subject: before ITMTX injection and a day after injection. The study procedure included: a conventional nerve conduction examination (peripheral conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential amplitude), the F wave latency and amplitude measurement and F ratio (F-M-1/2M) calculation for peroneal and tibial nerve bilaterally. Results of the first and the second examinations were statistically compared by t-Student's test. No significant differences between values of estimated parameters were found. The study revealed no recent alterations in proximal, paraspinal motor conduction and motor neuron excitability due to antidromical activation after single ITMTX administration.     

超声显像诊断下肢深静脉血栓的临床应用

目的：探讨超声诊断下肢深静脉血栓的临床价值。方法：应用ＨＰ８５００多功能彩超仪，７．５ＭＨｚ线阵探头，外周血管软件检查临床疑下肢深静脉血栓３２例，另取１２例正常人２４条下肢深静脉作对照。２ＤＵＳ显示形态学改变，ＣＶＩ及ＰＷ模式观察血流状态。结果：超声检出下肢深静脉血栓形成２５例，除外血栓形成７例。２ＤＵＳ显示血栓形成部位血管内径明显增大，与患者健侧同水平深静脉内径进行配对ｔ检验，ｔ＝１３．８２，Ｐ     

壳聚糖辐射效应的研究（Ⅰ）──辐照剂量与分子量的关系及辐射裂解的G（S）值

通过粘度的测量，考察了壳聚糖在不同条件下经不同剂量γ射线辐照所引起的分子量的变化，并分别计算了真空和空气中壳聚糖辐射裂解的Ｇ（Ｓ）值。