促癌变剂对淋巴细胞核仁rRNA基因转录的活化作用——rDNA原位杂交荧光显示法

用原位杂交荧光显示法观察了人淋巴细胞在促癌变剂黄芫花提取物(WCE)和12-0-十四烷巳豆醇-13乙酸酯(TPA)处理后,间期核仁rDNA的定位与数量改变,并与丝裂原植物血细胞凝集素(PHA)的效应作了比较,同时用银染色法观察了核仁。对照组淋巴细胞核仁小,原位杂交的rDNA为少数明亮荧光斑和分散的荧光点。经促癌变剂WCE和TPA处理后,银染色的核仁增大,银染颗粒增多,表明rDNA转录活化。原位杂交证明rDNA信号数目明显扩增,许多荧光小点断续相连形成网织状结构,与PHA刺激核仁转录活化的表现一致。对核仁内所含银染颗粒和rDNA荧光斑点数均值的统计学分析表明,WCE、TPA和PHA各加药组均明显多于对照组。3个加药组之间无明显差别。提示两种促癌变剂皆具有刺激核仁rDNA扩增和转录活化的效应。     

成人房室束、假腱索和节制索的亚显微构造

本文研究了两例成人房室束、假腱索和节制索的亚显微构造。结果表明,在成人房室束、假腱索和节制索中均可见浦肯野细胞,细胞宽而短,肌原纤维和组成肌原纤维的肌丝均较少;核多为一个,核周肌浆中有大量线粒体,核附近偶见高尔基复合体;肌浆中亦见肌浆网、糖原颗粒和溶酶体等。另外在房室束中,还可见一般心肌细胞和介于浦肯野细胞与一般心肌细胞之间的过渡细胞(或称移行细胞)。胶原纤维和毛细血管等分布在几种肌细胞之间。房室束浦肯野细胞的端与端之间有不甚典型的闰盘。相邻并列的过渡细胞之间见两种连接形式:一种是一个过渡细胞的分支与另一个过渡细胞的外侧面形成闰盘样连接;另一种是并列相邻的两个过渡细胞,以短的分支几乎呈直角互相连接。     

Noninvasive method for measuring the electrical properties of deep tissues using an open-ended coaxial probe

A new noninvasive method of measuring the structure and the electrical properties of bilayered biological tissues was evaluated as a potentially useful diagnostic means for detecting changes in subcutaneous tissues. First, the input impedance of an open-ended coaxial probe radiating into a bilayered model was calculated using a full-wave method, the results showed that the evanescen higher order modes do not have a significant influence on the reflection coefficient of muscle layer surface. Then, it was clearly proven that the phase shift and the modulus of the reflection coefficient of muscle layer surface depending on the frequency are useful to estimate the thickness of fat layer and the electrical properties of muscle respectively. The experimental results showed an excellent agreement with the theoretical relationship between the phase shift and the thickness. The sensitivity of estimation of the electrical properties of muscle was shown to be not enough for differentiating between normal and diseased deep tissue because of noises from the experimental systems.     

心脏灌注磁共振成像的图像配准

医学时序图像的配准是医学图像分析诊断的基础，也是图像融合等图像处理需要先行解决的问题。本研究提出了一种新的基于图像分割和相关法的算法，用于准确、快速实现心脏灌注核磁共振成像(MRI)图像的配准。该方法以图像相关系数为目标函数，利用迭代运算确定心脏图像的水平位移、垂直位移和旋转角度等参数。该算法优点在于充分考虑了心肌灌注图像的特殊性以及被测对象的身体物理运动、生理运动。结果表明，此方法能有效地对心脏灌注磁共振图像进行配准处理。     

数值模拟鼻甲的切除对鼻腔内气体流场的影响

量化研究鼻腔结构的变化对鼻腔内气体流场分布的影响.通过CT图像对鼻腔结构进行三维重建并用有限元方法对气体流场进行数值分析.对重建的鼻腔模型的一侧,分别去掉部分中鼻甲和部分下鼻甲并用有限元方法再次进行数值分析,将得到的结果与原始模型进行比较.观察气体流场分布的变化,在两侧鼻腔的流量分布均有变化,在去掉部分鼻甲的一侧流场和气压的分布也有所改变.通过数值模拟,我们量化的显示了鼻腔结构的变化对鼻腔内气体流场分布的影响.     

The nucleus basalis magnocellularis: The origin of a cholinergic projection to the neocortex of the rat

The cells of origin of a neocortical cholinergic afferent projection have been identified by anterograde and retrograde methods in the rat. Horseradish peroxidase injected into neocortex labelled large, acetylcholinesterase-rich neurons in the ventromedial extremity of the globus pallidus. This same group of neurons underwent retrograde degeneration following cortical ablations. The region in which cell depletion occurred also showed significant decreases in the activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. Discrete electrolytic and kainic acid lesions restricted to the medial part of the globus pallidus each resulted in significant depletions of neocortical choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. Hemitransections caudal to this cell group did not result in such depletions. Taken together these observations suggest that the acetylcholinesterase-rich neurons lying in the ventromedial extremity of the globus pallidus, as mapped in this study, constitute the origin of a major subcortical cholinergic projection to the neocortex. The utility of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry in animals pretreated with di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate in identifying cholinergic neurons is discussed in the light of this example; specifically, it is proposed that high acetylcholinesterase activity 4–8 h after this pretreatment is a necessary, but not sufficient, criterion for the identification of cholinergic perikarya.The neurons in question appear to be homologous to the nucleus basalis of the substantia innominata of primates, and are thus termed ‘nucleus basalis magnocellularis’ in the rat. No evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that nucleus of the diagonal band projects to neocortex. However, striking similarities in size and acetylcholinesterase activity were observed among the putative cholinergic perikarya of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the medial septal nucleus.Kainic acid lesions of the neocortex produced uniform and complete destruction of neuronal perikarya. These lesions decreased neocortical glutamic acid decar?ylase activity, suggesting that there are GABAergic perikarya in the neocortex. However, the same lesions did not affect neocortical choline acetyltransferase. This observation suggests that there are no cholinergic perikarya in the neocortex, a conclusion that is consistent with the absence of intensely acetylcholinesterase-reactive neurons in the neocortex.     

三种手术方式对腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效的影响

目的探讨三种手术方式对腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)临床疗效的影响。方法 2007年1月~2012年10月于我科行手术治疗LDH的患者中选择110例患者,男63例,女47例;年龄18~73岁,平均45岁;均为单节段椎间盘突出(L3/46例,L4/560例,L5/S144例)。分别采用腰椎间盘髓核摘除术(A组,40例)、椎间融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定(B组,51例)、腰椎间盘髓核摘除联合棘突间稳定装置X-STOP系统植入(C组,19例),3组患者一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(0.05)。每位患者术前及术后末次随访时通过完成欧洲五维健康量表及进行Oswestry功能障碍指数评分,比较评分改善情况。结果 110例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间18个月(6~38个月),末次随访时EQ-VAS评分、EQ-5D健康指数和ODI评分组内比较均明显改善(0.05),组间比较均无统计学差异(0.05)。结论对于单纯LDH可行腰椎间盘髓核摘除术,LDH合并腰椎不稳者可行椎间融合+单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定,对于椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄,尤其是临床症状在屈曲位缓解的患者尤其适宜椎间盘髓核摘除联合棘突间动态内固定。     

人era的结构特点分析及其定点突变体的构建

目的：构建最近克隆的人era基因的定点突变体。方法：利用数据库对era的结构特点进行分析，在此基础上用改良的重叠延伸法分别构建人EraN端和C端的定点突变体。结果：获得了分别针对人EraN端TGP结合结构域（位于29－36氨基酸残基）和C端具有RNA结合活性的 KH结构域（位于297－340氨基酸残基）的定点突变体。结论:人era定点突变体的构建为进一步的功能研究奠定了基础。     

A Complementary Method for the Detection of Osteoblastic Metastases on Digitized Radiographs

Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of gray level parameters in order to distinguish healthy bone from osteoblastic metastases on digitized radiographs. Materials and methods Skeletal radiographs of healthy bone (n = 144) and osteoblastic metastases (n = 35) were digitized using pixels 0.175 mm in size and 4,096 gray levels. We obtained an optimized healthy bone classification to compare with pathological bone: cortical, trabecular, and flat bone. The osteoblastic metastases (OM) were classified in nonflat and flat bone. These radiological images were analyzed by using a computerized method. The parameters (gray scale) calculated were: mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation (MGL, SDGL, and CVGL, respectively) based on gray level histogram analysis. Diagnostic utility was quantified by measurement of parameters on healthy and pathological bone, yielding quantification of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, AUC. Results All three image parameters showed high and significant values of AUC when comparing healthy trabecular bone and nonflat bone OM, showing MGL the best discriminatory ability (0.97). As for flat bones, MGL showed no ability to distinguish between healthy and flat bone OM (0.50). This could be achieved by using SDGL or CVGL, with both showing a similar diagnostic ability (0.85 and 0.83, respectively). Conclusion Our results show that the use of gray level parameters quantify healthy bone and osteoblastic metastases zones on digitized radiographs. This may be helpful as a complementary method for differential diagnosis. Moreover, our method will allow us to study the evolution of osteoblastic metastases under medical treatment.