超临界流体萃取法提取玫瑰挥发油的实验研究

目的:采用超临界流体萃取技术提取玫瑰挥发油。方法:以萃取率为评价指标,以萃取压力、萃取温度及CO2流量为考察因素,各选取3个水平,通过正交试验考察玫瑰挥发油的最佳萃取工艺条件。结果:最佳工艺条件是萃取压力25MPa、温度50℃、CO2流量600L/h。结论:所建立的提取方法具有萃取率高、速率快、无污染、工艺简单、萃取物纯正等优点。     

聚乙烯醇治疗和预防干眼病的药效学研究

目的观察聚乙烯醇（PVA）对干眼病的预防和治疗作用及聚乙烯醇的眼部停留时间。方法应用角膜虎红染色，对家兔干眼模型以1%虎红染色液滴眼0.1 mL后5 min，用0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗结膜囊，在裂隙灯下计数着色点，根据着色点数判断等级指数（M）；Schirmer实验，在暗室条件下，对家兔干眼模型用2%利多卡因0.1 mL滴眼局麻5 min后，吸干余泪，4 min后置新华滤纸于下睑中部1/3处，5 min后取出滤纸，测量湿长。角膜的光镜、电镜等方法应用于家兔干眼模型研究PVA对干眼病的预防和治疗作用及聚乙烯醇的眼部停留时间。结果虎红染色结果显示各治疗组与预防组的等级指数均为正值，与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05)；Schirmer实验显示各治疗组与预防组与对照干眼相比较，差异均有显著性(P＜0.01)；PVA滴眼液与对照组比较能显著提高药物在兔眼内的停留时间(P＜0.01)；病理切片检查显示经PVA滴液眼治疗后，其眼角膜基底细胞生长活跃，呈高柱状，上皮细胞剥脱所形成的缺损区已被新生上皮细胞覆盖，细胞排列较规则，即干眼损坏得到修复。结论PVA滴眼液可作为泪液代用品，用于干眼病的治疗与预防。     

RNA-Seq Analysis of Protection against Chronic Alcohol Liver Injury by Rosa roxburghii Fruit Juice (Cili) in Mice

Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit juice (Cili) is used as a medicinal and edible resource in China due to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials. The efficacy of Cili in protecting alcohol-induced liver injury and its underlying mechanism was investigated. C57BL/6J mice received a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol to produce liver injury. After the mice were adapted gradually to 5% alcohol, Cili (4 mL and 8 mL/kg/day for 4 weeks) were gavaged for treatment. The serum enzyme activities, triglyceride levels, histopathology and Oil-red O staining were examined. The RNA-Seq and qPCR analyses were performed to determine the protection mechanisms. Cili decreased serum and liver triglyceride levels in mice receiving alcohol. Hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis were improved by Cili. The RNA-Seq analyses showed Cili brought the alcohol-induced aberrant gene pattern towards normal. The qPCR analysis verified that over-activation of CAR and PXR (Cyp2a4, Cyp2b10 and Abcc4) was attenuated by Cili. Cili alleviated overexpression of oxidative stress responsive genes (Hmox1, Gsta1, Gstm3, Nqo1, Gclc, Vldlr, and Cdkn1a), and rescued alcohol-downregulated metabolism genes (Angptl8, Slc10a2, Ces3b, Serpina12, C6, and Selenbp2). Overall, Cili was effective against chronic alcohol liver injury, and the mechanisms were associated with decreased oxidative stress, improved lipid metabolism through modulating nuclear receptor CAR-, PXR-and Nrf2-mediated pathways.     

刺梨提取物影响小鼠抗疲劳及耐缺氧能力的研究

目的考察刺梨全果提取物的抗疲劳、耐缺氧作用。方法采用小鼠力竭游泳实验和小鼠常压耐缺氧实验,考察连续21天灌胃给予刺梨提取物对小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响,并测定服用刺梨提取物后肝糖原和肌糖原的变化,检测运动后血尿素氮、血乳酸含量和乳酸脱氢酶活力的变化。结果刺梨提取物2.0 g/kg及1.0 g/kg组小鼠力竭游泳时间显著延长(P<0.01),0.5 g/kg组小鼠耐缺氧存活时间显著延长(P<0.05)。并且服用刺梨提取物后,小鼠肝糖原含量显著增加(P<0.05),运动后血尿素氮生成显著减少(P<0.01),血乳酸积累显著减少(P<0.001)。结论刺梨提取物能显著增强小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力,增加机体糖原储备,提高有氧糖酵解水平是其发挥作用的可能机制。     

剌梨果实的营养成分

已初步探明刺梨果实中35种营养成分含量。其中VC含量居水果蔬菜之首,在100g鲜果中含量为1664～2601mg,VE含量为2.04～3.61mg,亦显著高于一般水果蔬菜。野生刺梨经人工引种栽培后,通过连续两年分析和观察,品质明显提高其VC含量增加26％左右,糖含量增加50％左右,单宁含量几乎下降了一倍。     

The Rose Bengal test in neonatal cholestasis: Diagnostic and prognostic value

¹³¹I Rose Bengal (¹³¹IRB) studies were performed in 73 infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and in 37 with intrahepatic cholestasis of various origins. Fecal ¹³¹IRB excretion of less than 10% (complete cholestasis) was observed in EHBA but also in some patients with either paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (syndromatic type) or with -1-antitrypsin deficiency. Seventy one ¹³¹IRB tests were also performed 3 to 8 weeks postoperatively in children operated on for EHBA. Fecal ¹³¹IRB excretion more than 15% was present in 27 out of 34 cases who were later completely jaundice free and in only one out of 37 cases where no bile flow restoration occurred.These results indicate that complete cholestasis in infants can be observed in some types of intrahepatic cholestasis, as well as in EHBA, and show that a postoperative ¹³¹IRB test is a reliable means of predicting complete restoration of bile flow in EHBA.     

Goodpasture's syndrome in a patient with the nail-patella syndrome

A patient with the nail-patella syndrome in whom end-stage renal failure developed as the result of Goodpasture's syndrome is described. Lesions characteristic of both rare diseases were seen on renal morphology. It is postulated that the glomerular membrane alteration of the nail-patella syndrome predisposed to the development of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody and hence Goodpasture's syndrome. A review of the incidence of renal failure in the nail-patella syndrome suggests that renal involvement can no longer be regarded as benign and that immune mechanisms may be related to progressive renal disease in some cases.     

Plantes aromatiques dans l’alimentation et la médecine des régions Nord-Ouest de l’Amérique du Nord

Résumé  Dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Amérique du Nord, 65 espèces aromatiques ont été dénombrées, qui étaient utilisées par les indigènes pour leur valeur alimentaire ou thérapeutique. Ces plantes parmi lesquelles des champignons servaient en usage externe (bain, déodorant, insecticide, etc.), en interne, par exemple, comme calmant chez les enfants ou encore dans des pratiques rituelles. Turner et al. ont recueilli les informations des personnes agées (ici appelées elders) qui perpétuent les connaissances des premières actions de cette région. Texte extrait de l’intervention proposée par l’auteur lors du 10^e Symposium de Grasse, 2008. Traduction: Rossella Ballabio.