A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in full-term infants during the first year of life

An estimate of glomerular filtration rate has been derived for children from body length (L, in centimeters) and plasma creatinine (Pcr, in milligrams per deciliter): GFR = 0.55 L/Pcr. The near universality of this estimate in children led us to seek a similar formula for estimating GFR in full-term infants during the first year of life. We measured Pcr in 137 healthy infants and performed creatinine clearance (Ccr) studies in 63 of them aged greater than or equal to 5 days. Beyond the first week, Pcr averaged 0.39 +/- 0.01 (0.10 SD) mg/dl. The estimate of GFR from 0.55 L/Pcr overestimated Ccr by 24% (P less than 0.001). Based on the calculation of a new constant from Ccr X Pcr/L, GFR was more accurately estimated from 0.45 L/Pcr (mean difference of Ccr - 0.45 L/Pcr = -0.4 +/- 3.7 (SE) ml/min X 1.73 m2) in full-term infants between 1 and 52 weeks of age. Because the constant 0.45 and Pcr do not change significantly during this period, GFR can be approximated at the bedside from body length of the healthy full-term infant (GFR = 0.45 L/0.39 = 1.1 L).     

Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma masquerading as a felon

This report describes a rare occurrence of a subcutaneous metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma to the distal fingertip. The original clinical presentation suggested an infectious process. Subsequent roentgenograms, sterile cultures, and positive biopsy material revealed that the lesion started as a subcutaneous metastasis that secondarily involved adjacent bone. Amputation of the digit was performed.     

The effects of oral and intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors on the size of photochemically induced cortical infarction in rats

Oral thrombin inhibitors are under development as potential drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic events. The effect of pretreatment with two direct thrombin inhibitors, melagatran and inogatran, was evaluated in a rat model of cerebral infarction. Ischaemic stroke was induced by photochemical reaction after an injection of Rose Bengal and focused posterior and to the right of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures on the intact calvarium. A single oral dose of melagatran (30 μmol/kg) significantly reduced the volume of the cortical infarct by 53% (P<.05) compared with control. In addition, following intravenous inogatran (6 μmol/kg) or oral inogatran (100 μmol/kg), the volume of the cortical infarct decreased by 83% and 19%, respectively, compared with control. This study showed that experimental focal ischaemic infarction, elicited by photochemically induced endothelial cell damage, can be significantly reduced with melagatran and inogatran, direct thrombin inhibitors.     

Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol in diabetic pregnancies

Despite L/S ratios indicating fetal lung maturity, respiratory distress continues to occur more frequently in infants of diabetic mothers. Amniotic fluid pulmonary phospholipids were studied in an attempt to understand the occurrence of false-positive L/S ratios in preterm diabetic pregnancies. Qualitative chromatographic assays of surfactant phosphatides revealed reduced or absent phosphatidylglycerol in diabetic amniotic fluid specimens between 34 and 37 weeks' gestation. Mean phosphatidylglycerol in 15 nondiabetic and 29 diabetic specimens was 16 and 4 per cent of total extracted pulmonary phospholipids (P < 0.001). Non-insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies had lowest mean per cent phosphatidylglycerol. Respiratory distress occurred in six infants of diabetic mothers delivered preterm with L/S ratios of 2:1 or greater; phosphatidylglycerol was absent in five. The inclusion of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid phospholipid assessment may be an adjunctive index for fetal lung maturation in diabetic pregnancies.     

基于网络药理学探讨玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学预测玫瑰花抗炎的活性成分和作用靶点。方法 通过中医药综合数据库（TCMID）和中药系统药理学数据库（TCMSP）检索玫瑰花的所有化学成分,并筛选玫瑰花的活性化学成分;然后通过TCMSP数据库和BATMAN-TCM数据库,查找活性化合物的作用靶点;使用Cytoscape 3.6.1软件构建“活性成分-靶点-疾病”复杂网络关系图;运用生物学信息注释数据库（DAVID）进行基因本体（GO）功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析研究其抗炎的作用机制。结果 共检索出121个化合物,其中7个化合物作为活性化合物;共检索出197个作用靶点;通过网络拓扑特征评价筛选出45个潜在作用靶点,利用DAVID数据库,筛选出66个生物过程和18条信号通路参与玫瑰花抗炎的作用。而与玫瑰花抗炎最为密切的信号通路包括NF-κB、TNF、MAPK等,同时其主要涉及的生物过程包括I-κB激酶/NF-κB信号通路的正调控、NF-κB转录因子活性的正调控、依赖TRIF的Toll样受体信号通路等。结论 本研究初步揭示了玫瑰花抗炎的潜在靶点、涉及的生物过程及信号通路,发现其具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,为进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

刺梨特征图谱及质量标准研究

目的 制定刺梨药材质量标准,用于刺梨的生产、监督、流通及使用等各环节的质量控制。方法 参照《中国药典》通用检测方法及相关指导原则分别制定刺梨的水分、总灰分、浸出物限度;采用特征图谱以及薄层色谱法控制刺梨整体质量。结果 刺梨特征图谱中应呈现6个特征峰,并应与对照药材参照物色谱峰中的5个特征峰保留时间相对应,另有1峰应与加入的异槲皮苷对照品参照物峰保留时间相对应。水分不得过14.0%,总灰分不得过5.0%,醇溶性浸出物不少于20.0%。结论 实验所建立的刺梨质量标准符合国家有关中药质量标准制定要求,能够以标准的形式对刺梨的质量进行控制。     

银杏叶提取物与刺梨配伍抗实验性肝损伤作用

目的：比较复方银杏叶胶囊（CGB）与单方银杏叶提取物（GBE）的保肝作用。方法：用CGB、GBE给小鼠灌胃30d后,腹腔注射CCl4诱发肝损伤,测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量;用H2O2诱导人肝L-02细胞氧化损伤,观察细胞增殖及总抗氧化能力。结果：CGB2．4、0．8和0．4g／kg3个剂量组与模型组比较,小鼠血清ALT、AST明显降低（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,同时肝匀浆中SOD显著升高、MDA下降（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;CGB组细胞增殖率和总抗氧化能力分别较模型组和单方组显著提高（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。结论：CGB的抗肝损伤作用优于单方银杏叶提取物。     

刺梨对砷的吸附模型研究

目的 建立刺梨对重金属砷的吸附模型,探讨其吸附机理.方法 通过检测与刺梨粉达吸附平衡的溶液中砷含量来绘制吸附等温线.结果 吸附量随浓度增加而线性上升,以后逐渐变慢,最后趋于稳定.结论 本模型与实验结果相吻合,初步确定刺梨的解毒机制是以物理吸附为主.