利伐沙班与决奈达隆联用致消化道出血CSCD

A 78‑year‑old female patient with atrial fibrillation developed tarry stools after regularly taking dronedarone, metoprolol, and rivaroxaban for 3 months. The patient stopped using rivaroxaban by herself for 7 days, and her black stools was gradually improved. After taking rivaroxaban again for 1 month, black stools appeared again, accompanied by fatigue, dizziness, and amaurosis fugax. Her blood pressure was 90/50 mmHg, heart rate was 80 beats/min, and hemoglobin was 55 g/L. Rivaroxaban was discontinued again and supportive treatments such as soft food, acid suppression, fluid replacement, and blood transfusion were given. After 3 days of treatments, the symptoms of fatigue were improved significantly, and no amaurosis recurred when sitting up. Hemoglobin was 75 g/L. After 6 days of treatments, the patient discharged formed yellow soft stools. After excluding gastrointestinal tumors through gastroscopy and tumor marker examination, it was considered that the interaction of dronedarone and rivaroxaban caused the increase of rivaroxaban plasma concentration, which resulted in gastrointestinal bleeding in the patient. The patient′s anticoagulant medication was changed to dabigatran etexilate, and no gastrointestinal bleeding occurred. © 2023 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.     

利伐沙班联合氯吡格雷对房颤合并冠心病行PCI术患者的疗效和安全性观察

目的 研究利伐沙班联合氯吡格雷对心房颤动(房颤)合并冠心病行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术患者的疗效和安全性.方法 82例房颤合并冠心病行PCI术患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组41例.对照组患者术后给予华法林钠+氯吡格雷治疗,研究组患者术后给予利伐沙班+氯吡格雷治疗.比较两组出血性事件发生情况、治疗前...     

Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with carotid artery disease and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Insights from the ROCKET AF trial

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases risk of stroke 5‐fold. Carotid artery disease (CD) also augments the risk of stroke, yet there are limited data about the interplay of these 2 diseases and clinical outcomes in patients with comorbid AF and CD.

Hypothesis

Among patients with both AF and CD, use of rivaroxaban when compared with warfarin is associated with a lower risk of stroke.

Methods

This post hoc analysis from ROCKET AF aimed to determine absolute rates of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and bleeding, and the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with AF and CD (defined as history of carotid occlusive disease or carotid revascularization [endarterectomy and/or stenting]).

Results

A total of 593 (4.2%) patients had CD at enrollment. Patients with and without CD had similar rates of stroke or SE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66‐1.48, P = 0.96), and there was no difference in major or nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding (adjusted HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.88‐1.24, P = 0.62). The efficacy of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke/SE was not statistically significant in patients with vs those without CD (interaction P = 0.25). The safety of rivaroxaban vs warfarin for major or nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding was similar in patients with and without CD (interaction P = 0.64).

Conclusions

Patients with CD in ROCKET AF had similar risk of stroke/SE compared with patients without CD. Additionally, there was no interaction between CD and the treatment effect of rivaroxaban or warfarin for stroke prevention or safety endpoints.     

Bleeding and clotting in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT) is arelatively common inherited vascular disorder that was first described in 1864, and is notable for epistaxis, telangiectasia, and arterial venous malformations. While genetic tests are available, the diagnosis remains clinical, and is based on the Curacao criteria. Patients with HHT are at increased risk for both bleeding and clotting events. Because of these competing complications, hematologists are often faced with difficult clinical decisions. While the majority of management decisions revolve around bleeding complications, it is not infrequent for these patients to require anticoagulation for thrombosis. Any anticoagulation recommendations must take into account the bleeding risks associated with HHT. Recent reviews have found that HHT patients can be safely anticoagulated, with the most frequent complication being worsened epistaxis. Large clinical trials have shown that factor Ⅱa and Ⅹa inhibitors have less intracranial bleeding than warfarin, and basic coagulation research has provided a possible mechanism. This article describes the anticoagulation dilemma posed when a 62-year-old female patient with a history of bleeding events associated with HHT was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. The subsequent discussion focuses on the approach to anticoagulation in the HHT patient, and addresses the role of the new oral anticoagulants.     

小剂量低分子肝素钙与利伐沙班结合常规方法预防高龄髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓形成的临床效果比较

目的观察小剂量低分子肝素钙(low-molecular-weight heparin calcium,LMWH)、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)结合常规预防方法预防高龄髋部骨折(包括股骨颈骨折及股骨粗隆间骨折)患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效。方法选2014-01~2015-02高龄(均≥75岁)髋部骨折患者106例,用随机数字表法随机分为小剂量LMWH组56例和利伐沙班组50例,观察两组预防下肢深静脉血栓形成的有效率及并发症的发生率。结果预防下肢深静脉血栓形成有效率小剂量LMWH组为89.3%,利伐沙班组为90.0%(P0.05);出现切口大渗血的发生率小剂量LMWH组为0.0%,利伐沙班组为10.0%(P0.05);引起凝血酶原时间延长的发生率小剂量LMWH组为1.8%,利伐沙班组为6.0%(P0.05)。结论两组结合常规预防方法预防高龄髋部骨折患者下肢深静脉血栓形成均有良好疗效,而小剂量LMWH组切口大渗血并发症发生率比利伐沙班组低。     

利伐沙班和低分子肝素预防关节镜下膝多发韧带损伤重建术后下肢深静脉血栓的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的:采用前瞻性随机对照研究分析的方法比较利伐沙班与低分子肝素(LMWH)对膝关节镜下多发韧带损伤重建术后下肢深静脉血栓发病率的影响,探讨利伐沙班在预防膝关节镜下多发韧带重建手术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的疗效和安全性。方法:选取2015年1月~2016年6月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院运动医学科收治的105例行关节镜下膝多发韧带损伤重建手术的患者,随机分成3组:利伐沙班组(A组):术后给予利伐沙班10mg,1次/d。经口服;LMWH组(B组):术后给予LMWH 100 u·kg~(-1),1次/d,皮下注射;对照组(C组):采用物理和机械预防。结果:105名患者中发生DVT13例,其中利伐沙班组2例,LMWH组2例,对照组9例。无肺栓塞及死亡病例。3组患者围手术期失血量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。利伐沙班组和LMWH组DVT发生率无统计学意义(P>0.05),利伐沙班组和LMWH组DVT发生率与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05),3组患者均未发生症状性肺栓塞,没有死亡病例。结论:利伐沙班和低分子肝素(LMWH)都可以有效预防患者膝关节镜下多发韧带重建术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生,利伐沙班有较好的安全性,并不增加出血风险。     

Rivaroxaban: Quantification by anti-FXa assay and influence on coagulation tests: a study in 9 Swiss laboratories

Introduction

Rivaroxaban (RXA) is licensed for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after major orthopaedic surgery of the lower limbs. Currently, no test to quantify RXA in plasma has been validated in an inter-laboratory setting.Our study had three aims: to assess i) the feasibility of RXA quantification with a commercial anti-FXa assay, ii) its accuracy and precision in an inter-laboratory setting, and iii) the influence of 10 mg of RXA on routine coagulation tests.

Methods

The same chromogenic anti-FXa assay (Hyphen BioMed) was used in all participating laboratories. RXA calibrators and sets of blinded probes (aim ii.) were prepared in vitro by spiking normal plasma. The precise RXA content was assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For ex-vivo studies (aim iii), plasma samples from 20 healthy volunteers taken before and 2 - 3 hours after ingestion of 10 mg of RXA were analyzed by participating laboratories.

Results

RXA can be assayed chromogenically. Among the participating laboratories, the mean accuracy and the mean coefficient of variation for precision of RXA quantification were 7.0% and 8.8%, respectively. Mean RXA concentration was 114 ± 43 μg/L .RXA significantly altered prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, factor analysis for intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Determinations of thrombin time, fibrinogen, FXIII and D-Dimer levels were not affected.

Conclusions

RXA plasma levels can be quantified accurately and precisely by a chromogenic anti-FXa assay on different coagulometers in different laboratories. Ingestion of 10 mg RXA results in significant alterations of both PT- and aPTT-based coagulation assays.     

利伐沙班与低分子肝素钙预防髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的疗效分析

目的观察利伐沙班与低分子肝素钙预防髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的临床疗效。方法将2011年1月至2013年1月梅河口市中心医院收治的57例行髋关节置换术后的患者采用随机数字表法分为两组:肝素组(25例)采用低分子肝素钙抗凝治疗,利伐沙班组(32例)采用利伐沙班抗凝治疗,比较两组患者DVT、非致死性肺栓塞的发生例数,并记录血红蛋白和血小板计数变化情况。结果两组患者均未见非致死性肺栓塞,肝素组DVT和牙龈出血的发生率均高于利伐沙班组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术前血红蛋白均较高,用药7 d后均下降,用药14d时又上升(P<0.05),两组患者血小板计数用药7 d均上升,用药14 d时又下降(P<0.05)。结论伐沙班在预防DVT方面有显著的临床疗效,适合于人工髋关节置换的患者,值得临床推广应用。     

利伐沙班与华法林治疗非瓣膜性心房颤动的对比效果分析

目的:分析利伐沙班与华法林治疗非瓣膜性心房颤动的对比效果。方法:选取本院2017年10月—2018年9月收治的150例非瓣膜性心房颤动患者作为研究对象,借助双盲随机抽样法分为对照组和观察组,每组75例。对照组给予华法林治疗,观察组予以利伐沙班治疗,评定两组治疗效果、栓塞事件发生情况与肝功能指标。结果:治疗前,两组肝功能指标无显著差异,P>0.05;治疗后,观察组相比对照组的肝功能指标改善显著,P<0.05。观察组(97.33%,73/75)相较于对照组(82.67%,62/75)治疗效果较高;观察组(1.33%,1/75)相较于对照组的栓塞事件发生率(13.33%,10/75)较低,P<0.05。结论:非瓣膜性心房颤动予以利伐沙班治疗效果十分显著,在易于提升治疗效果的同时降低栓塞事件发生率,值得临床进一步深究与采纳。