The potential role of anticoagulant therapy for the secondary prevention of ischemic events post-acute coronary syndrome

The use of dual antiplatelet therapy has led to a substantial reduction in ischemic events post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Despite this, recurrent event rates remain high. Recent research has combined antiplatelet with anticoagulant therapy to reduce recurrent event rates further. Compared with standard medical therapy, rivaroxaban demonstrated improved efficacy outcomes and significantly reduced mortality after an ACS. Although clear benefits of novel oral anticoagulants post-ACS have been proven, concerns regarding bleeding are still a barrier to widespread use. This review explores key trials of dual antiplatelet therapy and examines the latest research in anticoagulation aiming to optimize clinical outcomes post-ACS.     

血栓通注射液联合利伐沙班治疗髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓的疗效观察

目的探究血栓通注射液联合利伐沙班治疗髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓的临床疗效。方法选取2011年11月—2014年11月在延安大学附属医院骨科接受髋关节置换术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的患者78例,按照治疗方案不同分为对照组和治疗组,每组各39例。对照组口服利伐沙班片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上静脉滴注血栓通注射液,5 m L溶于0.9%生理盐水250 m L中,1次/d。两组均连续治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后D-二聚体、患肢膝上差、膝下差、静脉血流速度、激活部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为84.62%、97.44%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组D-二聚体、膝上差、膝下差、FIB均显著降低,患侧血流速度、APTT、PT、TT显著升高,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血栓通注射液联合利伐沙班治疗髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓具有较好的临床疗效,可显著改善患者的凝血状态,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Dabigatran,rivaroxaban, and apixaban are superior to warfarin in Asian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: An updated meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDMost of the randomized clinical trials that led to the wide use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) originated from western countries. AIMTo systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the real-world data regarding the efficacy and safety of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban compared to warfarin for stroke prevention in Asian patients with non-valvular AF.METHODSMedline, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were reviewed. A random-effect model meta-analysis was used and I-square was utilized to assess the heterogeneity. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal bleeding.RESULTSTwelve studies from East Asia or Southeast Asia and 441450 patients were included. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of ischemic stroke [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.94; HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.74-0.85, HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.62-0.78; respectively], all-cause mortality (HR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.56-0.83; HR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.52-0.84; HR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.49-0.90; respectively), and major bleeding (HR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.54-0.69; HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.90; HR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.43-0.78; respectively) compared to warfarin.CONCLUSIONDabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban appear to be superior to warfarin in both efficacy and safety in Asians with non-valvular AF.     

Management of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients and the role of the new oral anticoagulants

Patients with cancer are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Most clinical guidelines agree that low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are the preferred anticoagulants for the prevention and treatment of VTE in cancer patients. However, LMWHs require daily injections, weight-adjustment of dose, and can be associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; all of which are important considerations in managing cancer-associated VTE. Comparatively, the new oral anticoagulants offer a more attractive option because of their oral administration, fixed-dose, and lack of routine laboratory monitoring. The results of phase III trials support the efficacy and safety of the new oral anticoagulants in the management of VTE. However, generalizing these findings to cancer patients with VTE is difficult since very few cancer patients were included. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the current treatment of VTE, explore anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients, and summarize existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of the new oral anticoagulants for the management of VTE in both non-cancer and cancer populations.     

高龄骨折患者围手术期缺血性脑卒中的临床调查分析

目的观察利伐沙班在预防高龄骨折患者围手术期缺血性脑卒中的作用和效果。方法选取98例高龄骨折患者,随机分2组各49例,对照组高龄骨折患者围手术期进行常规低分子肝素皮下注射;实验组在对照组的基础上联合利伐沙班治疗。观察手术前后2组患者围手术期缺血性脑卒中的预防效果并进行统计学分析。结果手术前2组的全血黏度高切、全血黏度低切、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数、毛细管血浆黏度等血液流变学指标以及血管性血友病因子、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、凝血酶抗凝血酶复合物水平等血清学指标基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术后,实验组患者的血液流变学和血清学水平较对照组均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利伐沙班在高龄骨折患者围手术期缺血性脑卒临床疗效明确,可有效改善患者的血液流变学和血清学指标,具有一定临床意义。     

利伐沙班预防髋关节置换术后血栓形成的效果观察

目的 观察利伐沙班预防髋关节置换术后血栓形成的效果.方法 将127例髋关节置换术患者分为预防组和对照组,对照组用常规基础及机械预防,预防组在此基础上,采用药物抗凝剂利伐沙班口服,观察比较两组术后深静脉血栓（DVT）形成例数.结果 预防组发生深静脉血栓0例,对照组16例.两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 利伐沙班预防髋关节置换术后静脉血栓形成疗效显著,应用方便,安全.