Surgical Complications and the Risk Factors of Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy in Early Gastric Cancer

Background Information on surgical complications of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and their risk factors is limited in the literature despite increasing popularity of this procedure. This study was performed to identify the surgical complications and their associated risk factors of LADG in early gastric cancer. Methods LADG was performed in 347 gastric cancer patients from January 2002 to December 2006 at the Korean National Cancer Center by four surgeons with ample experience of open gastric surgery before LADG. LADG indications for cases of gastric cancer at our institution are preoperatively diagnosed cT1N0 or cT1N1, except in cases with an absolute indication for endoscopic resection. Lymph node dissection of more than D1 + β was performed in all patients. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were reviewed and their risk factors were retrospectively analyzed by prospective database information. Results Forty complications occurred in 34 patients (9.8%), but there was no mortality. Intraoperative complications occurred in nine patients (2.6%), and open conversion was performed in eight (2.3%) of these patients. Early and late postoperative complications occurred in 21 (6.1%) and 10 (2.9%) patients, respectively. The most serious complication was vascular injury resulting in bleeding or organ ischemia, which occurred in seven patients. Degree of lymph node dissection and surgical inexperience were found to be risk factors of surgical complication (P = .023, odds ratio 2.832, 95% confidence interval 1.155–6.946 vs. P = .028, odds ratio 2.975, 95% confidence interval 1.127–7.854). Conclusions Lymph node dissection during LADG should be performed cautiously to prevent surgical complications like vascular injuries, especially during the surgeon’s early learning period.     

年轻急性心梗患者临床特点

目的探讨年轻急性心肌梗死患者的心血管危险因素、临床特点和冠状动脉病变的特点。方法对确诊的43例年轻急性心梗患者和55例老年患者间的主要危险因素、临床特点、冠脉病变特点进行对比统计分析。结果 （1）年轻组患者以男性为主;多超重;吸烟史明显多于老年组;糖尿病、高血压病病史明显低。（2）年轻组高TG、CHOL血症发生率高,并且血TG、CHOL水平明显高于老年组。（3）年轻组以单支病变为主,老年组以多支病变为主。（4）年轻组多无心绞痛病史;老年组多有反复发作的心绞痛病史。结论 （1）吸烟和超重是年轻急性心梗的主要危险因素。（2）高脂血症也是重要危险因素。（3）病变相对简单以单支血管最多,三支病变较少。（4）年轻组多无心绞痛病史。     

上尿路结石微创术后尿源性脓毒血症的危险因素研究进展

【摘要】 尿脓毒血症又称尿源性脓毒血症, 其病情凶险、起病隐匿、进展快、病死率高。近年来随着腔内泌尿微创技术在上尿路结石手术治疗中的广泛应用, 尿源性脓毒血症的发病数逐渐增多, 死亡率上升。从手术患者中筛选出具有发生尿源性脓毒血症高危因素的患者并给予重点关注和追踪, 对术后尿源性脓毒血症的早期诊断和治疗有着重要意义。现结合文献复习, 对上尿路结石微创术后并发尿源性脓毒血症的常见危险因素研究进展做一综述。     

延长油田职工糖代谢异常患病情况调查

目的了解延长油田职工糖代谢异常情况,为制定防治措施提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对甘谷驿采油厂的全体职工进行问卷调查、人体学测量及相关生化指标检测,分析糖代谢异常的流行病学特征及危险因素。结果延长油田职工中糖尿病及糖尿病前期的患病率分别为9.8%和22.8%,均高于延安市居民平均水平。男性患病率高于女性,且患病率随年龄增长而增加(P<0.05)。糖代谢异常在超重、肥胖、高血压病、高尿酸血症及血脂异常人群中患病率较正常人群组偏高(P<0.05)。结论延长油田职工糖尿病及糖尿病前期患病率高于当地平均水平,应加强对职工的健康宣教,预防包括超重、肥胖及糖代谢异常在内的多重危险因素,减少心脑血管疾病的发生。     

早发ST段抬高型急性心梗患者临床特点分析

目的分析早发ST段抬高型急性心梗（STEMI）患者的传统危险因素分布以及血生化指标及冠状动脉造影结果特点。方法收集自2009年1月-2010年3月STEMI临床资料,比较早发STEMI患者（男性〈55岁,女性〈65岁）和非早发的STEMI患者（男性〉55岁,女性〉65岁）的传统危险因素、血生化代谢指标及冠脉造影结果的差异,并进行统计学分析。结果早发STEMI组与非早发组比较具有以下临床特点：吸烟（56.8%∶38.0%,P〈0.05）和代谢综合征（55.6%∶33.0%,P〈0.05）的比率较高。早发STEMI组的体重指数（BMI）显著高于非早发组[（25.94±3.15）∶（24.75±3.66）P〈0.05]。早发组以冠脉单支病变为主（58.0%∶31.0%,P〈0.05）,以前降支受累为主,而非早发组以三支病变为主（21.0%∶44.0%,P〈0.05）。针对早发STEMI危险因素的Logistic多元回归分析发现代谢综合征和吸烟是早发STEMI的独立危险因素,代谢综合征和吸烟的OR值分别是2.54和2.82。结论吸烟和代谢综合征在早发STEMI的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,对于存在代谢异常的青中年患者进行减肥和戒烟具有尤其重要的预防心血管事件的意义。     

Arsenic exposure and tobacco consumption: Biomarkers and risk assessment

Arsenic is measurable in tobacco and cigarette mainstream smoke (MSS). Whether arsenic has an independent role in diseases associated with tobacco consumption is not known. Epidemiology and biomonitoring data and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods were used to investigate this potential association. Analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed that urine arsenic concentrations in tobacco consumers were not different or were lower than levels in non-consumers of tobacco. Additionally, urine arsenic levels from NHANES tobacco consumers were five-times or more lower than levels reported in epidemiology studies to be associated with adverse health effects. Results of PRA indicated that mean non-cancer hazard estimates and mean incremental lifetime cancer risk estimates were within accepted ranges. Taken together, these results suggest that arsenic may not be independently associated with tobacco consumption or diseases related to tobacco consumption.     

Diagnostic endoscopic ultrasonography: Assessment of safety and prevention of complications

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has gained wide acceptance as an important, minimally invasive diagnostic tool in gastroenterology, pulmonology, visceral surgery and oncology. This review focuses on data regarding risks and complications of non-interventional diagnostic EUS and EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). Measures to improve the safety of EUS und EUS-FNB will be discussed. Due to the specific mechanical properties of echoendoscopes in EUS, there is a low but noteworthy risk of perforation. To minimize this risk, endoscopists should be familiar with the specific features of their equipment and their patients’ specific anatomical situations (e.g., tumor stenosis, diverticula). Most diagnostic EUS complications occur during EUS-FNB. Pain, acute pancreatitis, infection and bleeding are the primary adverse effects, occurring in 1% to 2% of patients. Only a few cases of needle tract seeding and peritoneal dissemination have been reported. The mortality associated with EUS and EUS-FNB is 0.02%. The risks associated with EUS-FNB are affected by endoscopist experience and target lesion. EUS-FNB of cystic lesions is associated with an increased risk of infection and hemorrhage. Peri-interventional antibiotics are recommended to prevent cyst infection. Adequate education and training, as well consideration of contraindications, are essential to minimize the risks of EUS and EUS-FNB. Restricting EUS-FNB only to patients in whom the cytopathological results may be expected to change the course of management is the best way of reducing the number of complications.     

孕产期心理保健干预研究

目的探讨孕产期心理保健重要性及对高危因素干预的必要性。方法把200名孕妇随机分为进孕妇学校组和未进孕妇学校组,并对其进行分析。结果两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2≥3.84,P<0.01)。结论产褥期母体的精神变化相当复杂,据研究42%～76%的产妇表现为兴奋-抑郁过程。及时的发现,对产妇的生理、心理应激因素进行指导,有助于产妇产褥期的身心健康。