Long‐term failure and function after restorative proctocolectomy – a multi‐centre study of patients from the UK national ileal pouch registry

Objective There is little information on the long‐term failure and function after restorative proctocolectomy (RPC). The results of data submitted to a national registry were analysed. Method The UK National Pouch Registry was established in 2004. By 2006, it comprised data collected from ten centres between 1976 and 2006. The long‐term failure and functional outcome were determined. Trends over time were assessed using the gamma statistic or the Kruskal–Wallis statistic wherever appropriate. Results In all, 2491 patients underwent primary RPC over a median of 54 months (range 1 month to 28.9 years). Of these, 127 (5.1%) underwent abdominal salvage surgery. The incidence of failure (excision or indefinite diversion) was 7.7% following primary and 27.5% following salvage RPC (P < 0.001). The median frequency of defaecation/24 h was five including one at night. Nocturnal seepage occurred in 8% at 1 year, rising to 15.4% at 20 years (P = 0.037). Urgency was experienced by 5.1% of patients at 1 year rising to 9.1% at 15 years (P = 0.022). Stool frequency and the need for antidiarrhoeal medication were greater following salvage RPC. Conclusion In patients retaining anal function after RPC, frequency of defaecation was stable over 20 years. Faecal urgency and minor incontinence worsened with time. Function after salvage RPC was significantly worse.     

Diverting loop ileostomy after restorative proctocolectomy: predictors of poor outcome and poor quality of life

Aim Diverting loop ileostomy is used to minimize the impact of anastomotic complication after restorative proctocolectomy (RPC). However, the ileostomy itself may have complications and therefore affect quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to analyse the predictors of complications of the ileostomy formation and closure and of the QOL of these patients. Method Forty‐four consecutive patients who underwent RPC were enrolled. Records of the ileostomy follow‐up were retrieved from a prospectively collected database and QOL was assessed with the Stoma‐QOL questionnaire. Ileostomy site coordinates were measured. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results In this series, three patients experienced peristomal herniae, two ileostomy stenosis, seven ileostomy retraction and fourteen peristomal dermatitis. Emergency surgery was the only predictor of parastomal hernia (P = 0.017). Stenosis correlated with the distance from the umbilicus (τ = 0.24, P = 0.021). Use of standard rod and retraction were independent predictors of peristomal dermatitis (P = 0.049 and P = 0.001). Stoma‐QOL was directly correlated to the age of the patients and to the occurrence of parastomal hernia (P = 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively). After stoma closure, two patients reported wound sepsis and seven suffered obstructive episodes. Conclusion The predictors of negative outcome after construction of a diverting loop ileostomy after RPC were urgent surgery, use of standard rod, the distance of the stoma site from the umbilicus, parastomal herniae and the older age of patients.     

Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health

This study investigates whether the presence of green space can attenuate negative health impacts of stressful life events. Individual-level data on health and socio-demographic characteristics were drawn from a representative two-stage sample of 4529 Dutch respondents to the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (DNSGP-2), conducted in 2000–2002. Health measures included: (1) the number of health complaints in the last 14 days; (2) perceived mental health (measured by the GHQ-12); and (3) a single item measure of perceived general health ranging from ‘excellent’ to ‘poor’. Percentages of green space in a 1-km and 3-km radius around the home were derived from the 2001 National Land cover Classification database (LGN4). Data were analysed using multilevel regression analysis, with GP practices as the group-level units. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, income, education level, and level of urbanity. The results show that the relationships of stressful life events with number of health complaints and perceived general health were significantly moderated by amount of green space in a 3-km radius. Respondents with a high amount of green space in a 3-km radius were less affected by experiencing a stressful life event than respondents with a low amount of green space in this radius. The same pattern was observed for perceived mental health, although it was marginally significant. The moderating effects of green space were found only for green space within 3 km, and not for green space within 1 km of residents' homes, presumably because the 3-km indicator is more affected by the presence of larger areas of green space, that are supposed to sustain deeper forms of restoration. These results support the notion that green space can provide a buffer against the negative health impact of stressful life events.     

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis:A narrative review

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(RP-IPAA) is the gold standard surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis.However,despite the widespread use of RP-IPAA,many aspects of this treatment still remain controversial,such as the approach(open or laparoscopic),number of stages in the surgery,type of pouch,and construction type(hand-sewn or stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis).The present narrative review aims to discuss current evidence on the short-,mid-,and long-term results of each of these technical alternatives as well as their benefits and disadvantages.A review of the MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Ovid databases was performed to identify studies published through March 2016.Few large,randomized,controlled studies have been conducted,which limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding controversial issues.The available data from retrospective studies suggest that laparoscopic surgery has no clear advantages compared with open surgery and that one-stage RP-IPAA may be indicated in selected cases.Regarding 2- and 3-stage RP-IPAA,patients who underwent these surgeries differed significantly with respect to clinical and laboratory variables,making any comparisons extremely difficult.The long-term results regarding the pouch type show that the W- and J-reservoirs do not differ significantly,although the J pouch is generally preferred by surgeons.Hand-sewn and stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomoses have their own advantages,and there is no clear benefit of one technique over the other.     

Reprinting the classic article on USPHS evaluation methods for measuring the clinical research performance of restorative materials

The original article published by Cvar and Ryge in 1971 on the US Public Health Service (USPHS) Guidelines is virtually inaccessible to current scientists, despite its remarkable impact on clinical dental research. The original article described all the pilot studies that led to the choices for the final USPHS guidelines. However, many of the important basic ideas expressed in the original article, such as evaluator calibration, have been overlooked in recent years. Challenges for effective clinical testing of restorative procedures and materials that were emphasized by those authors are even more relevant today. Therefore, it is totally appropriate to republish the original article by Cvar and Ryge in this issue of Clinical Oral Investigations. This preface to the republication of the original article provides key background information and references to contributions by the many now-famous clinical investigators who were involved with pilot studies. In addition, the USPHS recommendations are critically reviewed. Clinical evaluation of restorative procedures requires (a) choices of clinically relevant criteria, (b) assessment using simple nominal scales, (c) calibration of evaluators, (d) two independent evaluations, and (e) nonparametric statistic analysis that recognizes the patient (and not the restoration) as the independent variable. Only portions of those procedures are being preserved in current clinical investigations. USPHS criteria continue in use until today as part of routine clinical evaluation and as components of standards programs such as the ADA acceptance program. However, in addition, USPHS-like criteria have been appended over the years to produce “modified USPHS guidelines.” These additional criteria include parameters such as postoperative sensitivity, fracture, interproximal contact, occlusal contact, and others. The combination of the original and modified USPHS criteria now have been accepted worldwide but are not necessarily uniformly applied. They constitute the foundation for current considerations of further development of clinical assessment methods for dental restorative procedures.     

Color and translucency of zirconia infrastructures and porcelain-layered systems

Statement of problem

A good color match combined with a proper translucency match results in excellent esthetics for a metal-free restoration, yet basic color and translucency comparisons between available zirconia systems are not well described.

Towards the development of biostable dental resin systems - design criteria and constraints beyond ester-free chemistries

ObjectiveThe objective of this review article is to summarize the current literature on dental resin-based restorative (RBR) materials specifically from the perspective of emerging resin technologies, and to provide researchers with structured design criteria enabling the effective screening of new RBR developments.MethodsThe continued failure of newly introduced RBRs to address biostability without compromising function, over the last decade, are presented as a rationale to support different resin-based concepts. Several developments in the field, aimed at addressing the issues facing modern resin-based systems are summarized and their limitations discussed. A design workflow is proposed for evaluating new RBR, considering resource needs.ResultsWhile several alternative resin chemistries have been suggested over the past decade, all have shown serious limitations in replacing MA-based materials, including their limited physical and mechanical properties, and curing kinetics. Additionally, a broad and inconsistent range of laboratory methods have been used to validate these developments, leading to results that are difficult to compare across studies. A design workflow was conceptualized to facilitate the screening of novel RBRs from both a clinical and research perspective.SignificanceWhile several alternative chemistries have shown some degree of potential in emulating material property aspects of MA-based resins, a complete restorative system that is resistant to biochemical reactions in saliva has yet to achieve broad clinical adoption. To further spur development, it would be useful to have a more systematic design workflow, that may be used to easily screen new resin technologies effectively early in the design phase, so as to mitigate potential performance failures in the clinic.     

低频电穴位刺激对胃肠手术患者术后镇痛的效果

目的:探讨低频电穴位刺激对胃或直结肠切除术患者的术后镇痛作用并评价其效果。方法:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,行胃或直结肠切除术患者60例,随机分为低频电经皮穴位刺激(HANS)+患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)组(HANS组)和PCIA组(对照组)各30例,均于手术结束前30min缝合腹膜时给予托烷司琼3mg,曲马多1.5mg/kg静脉注射;在麻醉结束后5min,于复苏室(PACU)中开始使用PCIA镇痛。HANS组同时增加低频电穴位刺激30min。2组均于麻醉前5min、实施镇痛后30min检测血浆β-内啡肽(β-EP)的浓度,记录和评定术后的血压、呼吸、血氧饱和度和疼痛VAS评分,PCIA用量,有效和无效按压次数,镇痛和睡眠满意度,术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生频率及程度。结果:术后血浆β-EP浓度与术前比较2组均升高,与对照组比较HANS组升高更明显(均P0.05)。术后HANS组0、2、6、14及24h的疼痛VAS评分、PCIA用量、有效及无效按压次数,均明显低于对照组;睡眠和镇痛满意度明显高于对照组(P0.05,0.01)。术后血压、呼吸、血氧饱和度及PONV发生频率和程度2组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:低频电穴位刺激可促进内源性β-EP的分泌,增强胃肠手术患者的术后镇痛效果。     

保留回盲瓣之盲肠经直肠肌鞘肛管吻合术在结直肠良性病变中的应用

目的 探讨保留回盲瓣之全结肠切除、直肠粘膜剥除,盲肠经直肠肌鞘肛管吻合术在溃疡性结肠炎、家族性腺瘤性息肉病患者中的应用及效果.方法 回顾性总结1990年以来进行的8例保留回盲瓣之全结肠切除、直肠粘膜剥除,盲肠经直肠肌鞘肛管吻合患者,其中溃疡性结肠炎患者5例,家族性腺瘤性息肉病患者3例.结果 随访5～10年无1例复发,无伤口感染、肛瘘形成,排尿及性功能无影响,8～10周排便次数恢复到3～5次/d,3～4月恢复正常(1～3次/d).结论 保留回盲瓣之全结肠切除、盲肠经直肠肌鞘肛管吻合术治疗重症溃疡性结肠炎、家族性腺瘤性息肉病初步结果满意.