Glucocorticoids enhance and suppress heart rate and behaviour in time dependent manner in greylag geese (Anser anser)

Stress responses involve autonomic, endocrine and behavioural changes. Each of these responses has been studied thoroughly in avian species, but hardly in an integrative way, in free-living birds. This is necessary to reveal the temporal dynamics of the stress response. Towards that goal, we recorded heart rate (HR) and behaviour in free-ranging male greylag geese (Anser anser) simultaneously over 2 h. The geese were subjected to (a) unmanipulated control condition, (b) capture, handling and injection of ACTH, and (c) capture, handling and injection of a saline solution (SHAM). Fecal samples for the non-invasive determination of immuno-reactive glucocorticoid metabolite (BM) concentrations were collected for 7 h thereafter. The SHAM control caused a significant BM increase, a transient increase in HR, an initial increase of preening behaviour and a delay in feeding. ACTH treatment, relative to SHAM, produced significantly higher BM concentrations, and activation of “displacement behaviours” such as wing flapping, body shaking and preening. Also, feeding activity as well as resting was postponed and/or lower for a longer period of time after ACTH than after SHAM. ACTH injection had a greater effect than SHAM injection on HR increase in the first hour, but particularly on HR decline in the second hour following the injection. Hence, glucocorticoids had time- and dose-dependent stimulatory and suppressive effects on cardiovascular activity and behaviour. HR dynamics after ACTH actually matched with behavioural dynamics: both were first enhanced and later suppressed, which is in alignment with adaptive stress management involving the fight-flight response and recovery from stress, respectively.     

Effect of increased blood fluidity through hemodilution on coronary circulation at rest and during exercise in dogs

Summary Coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were measured in conscious dogs at rest and during two levels of submaximal treadmill exercise (3 and 7 km/h at 15% grade, respectively) during adaptation to progressive hemodilution with dextran 60. At rest coronary flow increased to more than seven-fold with diminishing hematocrit to 12.5% in order to cover myocardial oxygen consumption which increased from 6.5±0.3 ml/min· 100 g at hematocrit 47.5% to 13.5±0.8 ml/min· 100 g at hematocrit 12.5%. The dilatory capacity of the coronary vessels, estimated from the reactive hyperemia after a 12 sec occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery, dropped from 602% at control to 45% at lowest hematocrit levels.During the superimposed stress of exercise coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption increased further, so that the dilatory capacity of the coronaries was exhausted at hematocrit levels between 16 and 22%.Myocardial oxygen consumption per unit of oxygen delivered to peripheral tissues increased substantially with progressive hemodilution. In the presence of the reduced arterial oxygen content the augmented myocardial oxygen demand limits the overall adaptability to hemodilution by an exhaustion of the coronary dilatory capacity.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

从“脾肾两虚兼湿热瘀毒”论治少弱精子症

少弱精子症为本虚标实之证,以脾肾两虚为本,以湿热瘀毒为标,临证时宜补虚泻实,补脾肾之不足,泻湿热瘀毒,方能取效。     

Specificities of Ophthalmic Tumors: Usefulness of A National Network<br/>Spécificités des Tumeurs de la Sphère Ophtalmique: Utilité d’un Réseau National

We describe the most frequent malignant intraocular tumors, conjunctival tumors and some lids and orbital tumors. Primary intraocular malignant tumors are retinoblastoma in children and uveal melanoma in adults. For uveal melanoma, the liver is the most frequent site of metastasis and this is why it is justified to prescribe liver ultrasonography every 6 months to these patients. Metastatic tumors can occur in the uvea and more frequently in the posterior part called the choroid. They are more frequent after breast cancer and lung cancer. Conjunctival tumors can be epithelial (benign papillomas and epidermoid carcinomas) or melanocytic (benign naevi and melanomas) and sometimes from sebaceous gland origin (sebaceous carcinomas). Conjunctival malignancies can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes and other organs. All these tumors are rare tumors and need to be managed in expert centers. We describe the psychological consequences and the French national network organization for treatment of uveal malignant melanoma.

Résumé:
Nous décrivons les principales tumeurs malignes intraoculaires, les tumeurs conjonctivales et citons également quelques tumeurs orbitopalpébrales. Les tumeurs malignes primitives intraoculaires sont le rétinoblastome chez l’enfant et le mélanome uvéal chez l’adulte. Le mélanome uvéal métastase essentiellement au niveau du foie ce qui justifie une surveillance hépatique régulière. Les métastases peuvent survenir dans l’uvée également le plus souvent l’uvée postérieure ou choroïde et sont plus fréquentes après cancer du sein ou du poumon. Les tumeurs conjonctivales peuvent être épithéliales (papillome bénins et carcinome épidermoïdes malins in situ ou invasifs) ou mélanocytaires (nævi bénins et mélanome malins) voire parfois sébacées. Les tumeurs malignes invasives peuvent envahir les aires ganglionnaires et métastaser. Toutes ces tumeurs sont des tumeurs rares qui doivent être pris e en charge dans des centres experts. Nous décrivons leur retentissement psychologique et le réseau national de prise en charge du mélanome uvéal.     

不稳定型心绞痛病人的护理

通过对不稳定型心绞痛病人的病情观察、护理,认真做好用药护理,注重心理支持及健康教育,通过精心护理,63例病人病情好转出院.     

山东省大中小学生体育锻炼态度及相关作息情况调查

目的了解山东省大中小学生体育锻炼及相关作息情况，探讨学生体质下降的原因，为采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法在参加2005年学生体质健康调研的学校中，随机抽取4029名大中小学生和184名体育教师进行问卷调查。结果学生对体育锻炼的重要性都持肯定态度，多数学生喜欢上体育课．愿意参加学校组织的体育活动；但愿意参加长跑和力量性锻炼的学生所占比例较低。中学生课余作业时间较长，体育锻炼和睡眠时间较少，学习负担较重。学生不积极参加体育锻炼的原因主要是怕累、怕吃苦。结论应减轻学生的学习负担，改进体育教学。加强学生意志的磨练．保证足够的体育锻炼时间和强度。     

Cerebral malaria in inbred mice. I. A new model and its pathology

Plasmodium berghei ANKA was tested for its usefulness as a model for cerebral malaria in inbred mouse strains A, A2G, A/J, C57L, SJL/J and SWR. A suitable model was obtained in A or A/J strain mice. Mortality was 100% after five to eight days with brain haemorrhages occurring terminally. The histopathology is described. The model was stable after six blood passages at 5- to 7-day intervals. Chloroquine abolished the haemorrhages and no intercurrent viral or blood protozoal infections were detected.     

WITHIN-SUBJECT CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SKIN CONDUCTANCE AND SKIN POTENTIAL UNDER CONDITIONS OE ACTIVITY AND PASSIVITY

This study investigated (a) the covariation between skin conductance and skin potential levels and (b) the correspondence between the negative component of the skin potential response (SPR) and concurrent skin conductance response deflections (SCR) during periods of rest and activity. The study was restricted to the protocols of 10 female Ss who manifested predominantly the negative component of the SPR during both periods. During rest periods, the results showed a positive correspondence between conductance and potential levels, and between the negative component of the SPR waves and concurrent SCR deflections. However, under conditions of active motor performance, the correspondence of levels was near zero and much lower between the negative and concurrent SCR deflections. It is suggested that an epidermal factor may be exerting its effects differentially during periods of passivity and activity.     

民航飞行人员的飞行时限与休息制度问题

目的 综述民用航空中由于飞行时间不规律,夜航,快速时区变化等对飞行人员睡眠、疲劳和工作能力的影响,提出关于民航飞行人员时限与休息制度的建议。资料来源与选择 国内外该领域的研究论文及综述。资料引用 引用国内外学术刊物上发表的论文及综述。资料综合 就导致民航飞行人员飞行疲劳的相关问题进行讨论,并在此基础上提出民航飞行人员的飞行时限与休息制度的原则。结论 制定民航飞行人员的飞行时限与休息制度必须考虑到昼