几丁糖预防术后腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的探讨几丁糖对术后腹腔粘连的预防作用.方法将45只大鼠随机分为A、B、C 3组,于腹腔内浆膜损伤部位分别注入1%乳酸液、32%右旋糖酐-70液和2%几丁糖乳酸液各2 ml,术后14 d处死动物,观察各组腹腔粘连状况.结果 3组粘连分级比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01),C组粘连发生率与另2组有显著差异(P＜0.05).光镜下C组炎症反应轻微,纤维增生不明显;电镜下C组纤维细胞分泌胶原能力弱,间皮细胞增生活跃.结论几丁糖可有效降低大鼠术后腹腔粘连的发生和粘连程度,其作用优于右旋糖酐-70,且不影响切口的愈合.     

惠州市结核病控制项目实施效果评价

目的 总结我市结核病控制项目实施效果和经验。方法 根据全市各县(区)上报的结核病报表和有关总结材料进行分析。结果 在项目实施期间发现涂阳病人7522例，治愈了7303例，涂阳病人登记率从1993年的8．2／10万提高到2001年的39．4／10万，初、复治涂阳病人治愈率从1992年的80．0％和81．8％提高到2001年的98．9％和96．2％。结论 我市结核病控制项目实施效果显，项目所取得的成功经验和技术策略对今后结核病控制可持续发展有着重要的指导作用。     

临床输液反应的分析与预防

目的对临床发生的输液反应进行分析,找出发生的原因,探讨预防措施。方法:对30例输液反应资料进行分析。结果:以热原反应最为多见,占76.67%,而过敏反应,占16.67%,局部反应,占6.67%。结论:严格执行消毒制度,遵守无菌操作规程,把好药品和输液器具质量关,合理用药,注意配伍等是减少临床输液反应的关键。     

重症脑出血微创术后下呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人痰培养病原菌分布与耐药情况分析,其院内感染发生的原因、探讨防治对策。方法:应用痰培养检出的病原菌及耐药性分析。结果:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染41例,其中G-杆菌26例占63.4%,G 球菌15例占36.6%,其中金葡菌11例,药敏仍以敏感菌株为主,但耐药菌株有增多趋势。结论:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染以G-杆菌为主,G 球菌以金葡菌为主,仍以敏感菌珠为主,耐药有增多趋势。万古霉素对G 球菌,氨曲南对G-杆菌敏感性较敏感,故在培养结果未出来之前经验用药是非常重要的。     

The impact of new screening protocol on individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: Screening colonoscopy has been shown to reduce mortality and cancer stage in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) individuals. However, the benefit of screening in intermediate risk groups is unknown. The most recent national guidelines have recommended a reduction of screening frequency for the intermediate risk group. Therefore, this study aims to compare the results of colonoscopic screening in HNPCC and intermediate risk groups and assess the effect of the most recent screening protocol recommendations. METHOD: A total of 244 individuals; 108 from HNPCC families (28 mismatch repair gene carriers) and 136 from intermediate risk families were referred for regular colonoscopic screening by the Regional Genetics Service. Findings from 417 colonoscopies performed between 1992 and 2003 were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of three cancers, 39 adenomas and 41 hyperplastic polyps were found in the HNPCC group compared with one cancer, 22 adenomas and 19 hyperplasic polyps in the intermediate risk group. If the recent screening guidelines for the intermediate group were applied, then 89 (44%) fewer colonoscopies would have been performed. Although no cancers would have been missed, six adenomas (mean size = 5.7 mm, range 2-10 mm) with two graded as severely dysplasic and six hyperplastic polyps would not have been detected. CONCLUSION: The detection rate and distribution of adenomas were similar in both groups. If the new colonoscopic screening recommendations for the intermediate risk group had been applied, a small number of significant lesions would have been missed.     

Using stories to battle unintentional injuries: Narratives in safety and health communication

After 14 years of rising death rates due to unintentional injuries in the U.S., it is time to ask how safety messages can be redesigned to have a greater impact on risky behavior. To this end, many researchers have called for a new, narrative approach to prevention messages—based on persuasive stories about people who have suffered injuries and illnesses in the past. Still, there is scant evidence that story-based communications are more effective than equivalent non-narrative messages at changing actual (rather than self-reported) safety and health behavior. Our research examined the impact of injury stories on actual safety behavior in a controlled experimental setting at a US university. Teams of participants assembled a product (a child's swing) using written instructions. The instructions contained safety messages targeting assembly mistakes that have been linked to serious injuries in children who play on swings. Participant teams were randomly assigned to three conditions: assembly instructions containing story-based safety messages, instructions with concrete (but non-anecdotal) safety messages, and instructions with traditional abstract safety messages. After adjustment for covariates, story-based messages resulted in a 19 percent improvement in safety behavior, compared with non-narrative communications. Importantly, injury stories did not create undue fear of the message object, demonstrating that brief anecdotes about accident victims can convince people to take reasonable precautions without creating unwarranted alarm about risks.     

异位妊娠259例临床总结分析

目的探讨异位妊娠的发病相关因素,提出防治措施。方法对我院10年间收治的259例异位妊娠病例的发病趋势,既往病史及节育状况、误诊情况作一回顾分析。结果近10年异位妊娠发生率为2.19%并呈上升趋势。人工流产、节育手术、下腹部手术等与异位妊娠的发生关系密切。结论降低人工流产率,减少性病传播是预防异位妊娠发生的重要手段,随着高科技手段的应用使异位妊娠早期准确的诊断成为可能,为保守治疗赢得机会。     

体外膜肺联合血液滤过治疗肺肾衰竭的实验研究

目的 观察体外膜氧合器（ECMO）联合高容量血液滤过（HVHF）对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）的治疗作用。 方法 采用实验犬32只，随机分为A、B、C、D 4组。静脉注射油酸复制ARDS模型及双侧输尿管结扎复制急性肾功能衰竭模型。A组用ARDS呼吸机治疗；B组ARDS用ECMO治疗；C组ARDS＋ARF用HVHF治疗；D组ARDS＋ARF用ECMO联合HVHF治疗。监测血气、血流动力学以及血生化等指标。 结果 治疗后B组氧分压（PaO2）逐步上升，在治疗4 h后高于A组[（95.58±8.14） 比（82.79±12.37） mm Hg，P < 0.05]； C组PaO2治疗中较成模时无明显改善；D组PaO2呈逐渐上升趋势，在各时间点均高于C组（P < 0.05）。各组血流动力学指标在治疗中保持稳定。C、D组HVHF治疗后Scr、BUN明显降低[C组：Scr (320.89±65.42) 比(655.04±181.22) μmol/L，BUN (20.42±6.65) 比（41.53±10.59）mmol/L；D组：Scr (334.15±45.97)比（697.48±101.66） μmol/L，BUN (19.12±6.39) 比（39.10±11.60） mmol/L，P均< 0.01]。 结论 ECMO可以有效地改善ARDS低氧血症，联合HVHF可以提供肺肾功能联合支持。     

产褥期并发深静脉栓塞的预防和护理

探讨引发产褥期深静脉栓塞的危险因素,加强早期观察,实施有效的预防措施,以及产褥期深静脉栓塞病人的护理对策。