老年人脑卒中后抑郁症的发病机制及预防

[目的]探讨脑卒中后老年患者抑郁症的发病机制及预防措施。[方法]归纳相关资料,对命题进行分析。[结论]医护人员应采取针对性的用药及护理措施,预防患者卒中后抑郁症的发生。     

间接免疫荧光法检测婴幼儿急性下呼吸道合胞病毒感染的特异性IgM

本文对1984年1～3月和1985年3～8月共107例急性下呼吸道感染的住院患儿,采用间接免疫荧光法检测其急性期血清抗RSV特异性IgM抗体,并与病毒分离和/或中和试验比较,敏感性为82.1％,特异性为71.8％。RSV感染患儿发病后3天内大多数病例即可从血清中检测出RSV-IgM,因此该法具有早期诊断价值。     

How are nations trying to prevent suicide? An analysis of national suicide prevention strategies

Recent increases in suicide rates internationally have focused attention on suicide as an important area of public health concern. In this review, strategies developed by various countries to halt this trend are compared. Nine out of 15 countries respond to enquiry about the state of development of suicide prevention strategies and programmes. Comprehensive strategies have been or are being developed by Finland, Norway, Australia, New Zealand and Sweden. The organization of these strategies differs between countries. The interventions have similar targets and are presented in detail. There are some similarities in strategy content but evident differences in organization. Further developments should not only be based on research, but also consider the diverse experiences of other countries, and they should incorporate appropriate structures for monitoring and evaluation.     

呼吸道感染与气象因素的关系

呼吸道感染是呼吸系统常见病、多发病。利用杭州地区1990年1月～1992年12月气象资料作了统计分析，并对同期来海军杭州疗养院门诊就诊的呼吸道感染病人进行了调查。结果为1～3、11、12月发病率高，与5～9月相比有非常显著差异（P＜0．001），呼吸道感染与气温低，湿度高，温差大，天气骤变等气象因素密切相关。潮冷天气（气温在10℃以下），频繁降温（每月3次以上），大幅度降温（4℃以上）三种气象因素共同存在情况下可导致呼吸道感染性疾病的高发。同时从气象学角度提出了预防该病的一些措施。     

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

PURPOSE: A retrospective, 12-year review of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis was undertaken at a county hospital, with emphasis on presentation signs and symptoms. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with presence of intramural air were included in the study. The following signs and symptoms were studied: evidence of respiratory distress, use of umbilical catheters, white blood cell count and temperature at presentation, time interval from birth to diagnosis and time interval from diagnosis to operative intervention, presence of intramural air, air in biliary tree or free air, changes in abdominal girth, and presence of occult or gross blood in stools. Comparison was done among infants who had surgical or medical treatment, premature and full-term infants, and infants who had neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis less than or more than 20 days after birth. RESULTS: Eleven patients had a fatal outcome, with an overall survival of 87 percent. Sixty-four patients were treated medically and 18 had operative treatment. Mortality of the surgically treated group was 44 percent. Neonates who had surgical intervention had a left shift of the white blood cell count more commonly present, and all had documented abdominal distention. There were 62 premature and 20 full-term neonates in the group. Full-term neonates developed neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis earlier after birth (5.3 days compared with 15.3 days in the premature neonate group). Full-term neonates had a better prognosis in our series. Presentation of symptoms more than 20 days after birth did not change outcome. CONCLUSION: Our results reflect the experience of a community-based hospital. Clinical acumen remains the cornerstone of diagnosis and management.     

山莨菪碱防治甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

在１２９只ＳＤ大鼠的实验中动态观察了山莨菪碱对甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭时不同时期的Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ，ｐＨ病理改变及死亡率的影响，结果表明：山莨菪碱能降低ＡＲＦ第５天大鼠死亡率以及Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ水平。改善病理损害，对ＡＲＦ起到预防及治疗效果，山莨菪碱的预防效果优于治疗效果，预防是ＡＲＦ防治的关键，但山莨菪碱在治疗过程中要引起“冲刷综合征”导致洗脱性酸中毒，应引起注意。     

The callous elbow and aging of the upper arm

The author describes his surgical approach to the problems of the aging upper arm and elbow region. Surgery at an appropriate age can prevent the progressive wrinkling of the elbow which is further aggravated by aging of the upper arm. The author's operation is aimed at correcting both portions of the arm anatomy at the same time.