Pulsatility and resistance indices in intrarenal arteries of normal adults

In order to establish the normal range of values of Pulsatility (PI) and Resistance (RI) Indices in the intrarenal vasculature, a study of 50 healthy volunteers (23 males, 27 females), divided into five groups of 10 according to age, was performed with Duplex Doppler ultrasound. Both kidneys were examined in all individuals and, in 12, indices were also compared between upper and lower poles of both kidneys. In addition, repeat examinations were performed in nine subjects on three different days, in order to assess the reproducibility of the method. No differences were found in the mean values of both indices between males and females, upper and lower poles, right and left kidneys. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.01, unpaired t-test) was demonstrated when the oldest age group (7th decade) was compared to the youngest age group (3rd decade). The method appeared remarkably reproducible for RI (4.2–7%), with wider variation in the PI (9.5–22.7%).     

连续四年ICU病房院内感染病原菌的耐药性分析

目的 :了解我院重症监护病房 (ICU)院内感染病原菌的耐药性变化趋势。方法 :对我院 ICU2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 12月院内感染的各类感染标本中分离的 74 1株病原菌加以整理分析 ,并按美国国家临床实验室标准委员会 (NCCL s)标准进行药敏试验 ,并对其耐药性进行分析。结果 :分离出的菌株以革兰阴性杆菌为主 ,其次是革兰阳性球菌、真菌 ,分别占 6 2 % ,2 9% ,9% ,感染部位以肺部最多 5 5 1株 (74 .4 % ) ,泌尿道感染 5 0株 (6 .7% ) ,引起败血症35株 (4.7% ) ,来自各种体液 (胸、腹水、胆汁 ) 5 2株 (7.0 % ) ,来自各种引流液和伤口分泌物 2 5株 (3.4 % ) ,静脉导管13株 (1.8% ) ,其他 15株 (2 .0 % )。革兰阴性杆菌以非发酵菌为主 ,其中铜绿假单胞菌 135株 (18.2 % )、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 38株 (5 .1% )、不动杆菌属 37株 (4.9% )及其他非发酵菌 5 7株 (7.7% ) ,其次大肠埃希菌 91株 (12 .3% )、肺炎克雷伯菌 5 3株 (7.2 % )、肠杆菌属 33株 (4.5 % )、其他肠杆菌科 17株 (2 .3% )。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率达 4 1.0 % ,呈多重耐药 ,阴沟肠杆菌对头孢他啶、氨曲南的耐药率达 6 0 .0 %、73.3% ,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL s)的发生率分别是 4 1.0 %、4 5 .0 % ,亚胺培南?     

异黄酮衍生物的合成Ⅱ.7-氯和6-氯-7-甲氧基-3′-(N,N-二乙胺甲基)-4′-羟基异黄酮的合成

合成了7-氯和-6-氯-7-甲氧基-3′-(N,N-二乙胺甲基)-4′-羟基异黄酮(1478和1481)。它们的合成是由间-氯苯酚或3-羟基-4-氯苯酚与对-硝基苯乙酰氯反应,制得取代的脱氧安息香。它们与原甲酸乙酯环合得到取代的-4′-硝基异黄酮,再将化合物中的硝基用锌粉还原成氨基,再经重氮化和水解,得到取代的-4′-羟基异黄酮。它们经Mannich反应,最后制得7-氯和6-氯-7-甲氧基-3′-(N,N-二乙胺甲基)-4′-羟基异黄酮。它们耐氧作用不如已合成的7-甲氧基-3′-(N,N-二烷胺甲基)-4′-羟基异黄酮。     

238例复治肺结核病人耐药状况分析

目的 了解复治肺结核病人形成原因和耐药状况，分析结核病控制策略的效果。方法 分析1999年湖北省耐药监测入选238例复治涂阳培阳病例既往病史和耐药状况；药敏试验采用比例法，培养基中药物浓度分别为S 4μg/ml、H 0．2μg/ml、R 40μg/ml和E 2μg/ml；结果 总耐药率为44．5％，耐多药率为21．8％，在综合医院、乡镇卫生院和结防专业机构治疗造成的耐药率和耐多药率(含H和R)分别为56．4％、31．3％、46．3％和30．8％、15．0％、20．8％。结论 治疗不规范是导致耐药率和耐多药率升高的原因，建议加强结核病人归口、化疗和全程督导管理，进一步完善结核病控制策略，减少复治病例和耐药的产生。     

重庆地区近五年小儿菌痢菌群变化及耐药状况

我院近五年收治小儿菌痢２０３１例，培养分离出痢杆菌９８５珠，其中福氏９０４株，占９１．７８％，全部为福氏２ａ型，宋内氏８１株，占８．２２％。常见抗菌药物如氨苄青霉素、氯霉素、痢特灵的耐药性均达９５％以上，庆大霉素、吡哌酸、氟哌酸、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素的耐药性逐年升高；头孢噻肟、环丙沙星耐药率也迅速增加。目前重庆地区治疗小儿菌痢宜推荐先锋霉累Ｖ、环丙沙星、头孢噻肟、卡那霉素，待有药敏试验结果后结合临床效果进行调整。     

抗性家蝇蛹期多肽的双向电泳分析

分析抗性家蝇蛹期多肽，以了解蛋白质变化情况。方法：对家蝇的抗性株、对照株和敏感株蛹体内的多肽进行了聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳分析。结果：抗性株具有一特异的多肽点，且有3个多肽点在量上明显多于对照株。结论：杀虫剂的作用可使抗性家蝇体内的蛋白在质和量上发生改变。     

Turnip crinkle virus coat protein mediates suppression of RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana

All of the protein products of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV; Tombusviridae, Carmovirus) were tested for their ability to suppress RNA silencing of a reporter gene after transient expression in Agrobacterium-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Only the capsid protein, P38, showed suppression activity, although this was not obvious when P38 was expressed as part of a TCV infection of the same tissues. When P38 was expressed from a PVX vector, symptoms with enhanced severity that correlated with increased PVX RNA accumulation were observed. This contradiction between ectopic expression of P38 and TCV infection could be accounted for if the active determinant of suppressor activity within P38 was sequestered within the capsid protein structure. The N-terminal 25 amino acids were shown to be important for this activity. This region forms part of the unexposed R-domain that interacts with the RNA within the virus particle. This observation throws light on some of the complex biology exhibited by TCV.     

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 NS5A resistance-associated variants are associated with advanced liver fibrosis independently of HCV-transmission clusters

Objectives

The aim of the study was to characterize the differences in the frequencies of NS3 and NS5A resistance-associated variants (RAVs) among Polish therapy-naive genotype 1 (G1) hepatitis C virus (HCV)-monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients including clustering patterns and association of RAV frequency with liver fibrosis.

中国东北地区未经抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者HIV毒株的耐药基因变异研究

目的　研究我国东北地区未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV AIDS患者HIV毒株的逆转录酶和蛋白酶耐药变异情况 ,为开展大规模临床抗病毒药物治疗提供本底数据。方法　RT PCR和套式PCR扩增HIVpol区基因 ,双脱氧法测定逆转录酶和蛋白酶基因序列 ,与国际耐药数据库比对辨别耐药变异。结果　 (1) 5 3例患者毒株亚型分析结果 :B′亚型 4 7例 ,B′ C亚型 4例 ,A、B亚型各 1例 ;(2 )未发现逆转录酶和蛋白酶原发耐药变异存在 ,但发现存在逆转录酶抑制剂继发变异 :M4 1L(1.9% )、I6 3M (1.9% )、L74I (1.9% )、S6 8G (1.9% )、V75L (3.8% )、V10 6I (1.9% )、I135L T (5 .7% )、V179D (7.5 % )和V189I (1.9% ) ,无症状感染者RT继发耐药变异出现率为 11.8% ,而艾滋病患者为5 2 .6 % (P <0 .0 1)。存在大量蛋白酶耐药继发变异V77I (88.7% )、L6 3P (86 .8% )、E35D (81% )、A71V(2 4 .5 % )、R4 1K (15 .1% )、L10I (9.4 % )、R5 7K (9.4 % )、D6 0E (9.4 % )、N37D (5 .7% )、G16E (3.8% )、I15V (1.9% )、M36I (1.9% )、K5 5R (1.9% )和L89M (1.9% )。未发现明显的亚型特异性耐药变异。结论　在中国东北地区未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV AIDS患者中未发现毒株逆转录酶和蛋白酶耐药原发变异 ,但大量继发耐药变异的存在提     

Electrical analogy of diastolic pressure difference between left atrium and ventricle

We proposed a mathematical model to describe the early filling process of the left ventricle and applied the model toin vivo experiments. The solution of a second-order differential equation indicated that the pressure difference between the left atrium and ventricle during ventricular filling (PD) could be explained by a transient response, i.e. decremental oscillation, in an LCR circuit. Thereafter, we analysed the sequence of PD during vagal stimulation with two catheter-tip manometers in 12 anaesthetised dogs and evaluated changes in the parameters of the system under various haemodynamic conditions. The values of ω_n and ξ were quite stable among beats within an episode of vagal stimulation, between episodes and even among dogs, despite the changes in haemodynamic variables. Pericardiotomy and partial discommunication of the mitral valve with the left ventricular free wall by cutting the mitral chordal tendons decreased ω_n and increased ζ, mainly because of the increase in C_LV. Occlusion of the coronary vascular beds with large numbers of microspheres increased ω_n and decreased ζ, mainly because of the decrease in C_LV. Mitral obstruction with an inflated balloon (increase in R) abolished the oscillatory changes and produced and exponential decay sequence of PD. In conclusion, both the logical and experimental approaches indicated that the sequence of PD could be considered as decremental oscillation in the LCR circuit and the parameters ω_n and ξ could be good indices of the diastolic property of the left ventricle