不完全射频消融对兔VX2肝癌MMP-9表达的影响

目的研究不完全射频消融（RFA）治疗对兔VX2肝癌模MMP-9蛋白表达的影响。 方法建立新西兰白兔的VX2肝癌模型,将30只兔VX2肝癌模型分为2组,即对照组和实验组,每组15只,对照组只做开关腹,而不进行RFA;实验组进行开腹消融,消融范围为肿瘤组织的75%;在实验组中设立RFA后快速进展亚组,定义为实验结束时肿瘤的倍增率大于对照组。对比其RFA后的VX2肝癌的体积变化、残留VX2肝癌基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）的表达情况。 结果对照组和实验组治疗后肿瘤体积分别为（7 862±1 304）mm³和（6 996±709）mm³,肿瘤的倍增率分别为（291±49）和（232±16）,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。对照组和实验组MMP-9阳性表达率为52.1%和46.3%,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;实验组中3只实验兔肿瘤倍增率及MMP-9表达率明显高于实验组,属于RF后快速进展亚组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论部分性消融对大多数肝细胞癌具有一定疗效,但对于少数肿瘤可能加速其生长,而MMP-9的过表达可能是促进残留癌快速进展的原因。     

艾箱灸预防肛肠病术后尿潴留的临床疗效观察

目的探讨采用艾箱灸预防肛肠疾病术后尿潴留的疗效。方法选取2016年10月～2018年5月我院肛肠外科收治的肛肠病患者,随机分为试验组与对照组,试验组在术后1 h予艾箱灸气海、关元、中极穴;对照组采用常规护理方法。观察两组患者术后首次排尿时间、首次排尿后膀胱残余量、术后6 h尿潴留发生率及艾箱灸预防尿潴留的疗效。结果试验组首次排尿时间为(195±55)min,首次排尿后膀胱残余量为(41±12)mL,术后6 h尿潴留发生率为9.54%;对照组首次排尿时间为(256±62)min,首次排尿后膀胱残余量为(156±23)mL,术后6 h尿潴留发生率为38.10%。结论艾箱灸气海、关元、中极穴能促进肛肠病患者术后排尿,缩短自主排尿时间,减少首次排尿后膀胱残余尿量,有效预防术后尿潴留的发生。     

CTA诊断糖尿病下肢动脉临床分期及下肢动脉狭窄程度的应用价值

目的 探讨CT血管造影（CTA）诊断糖尿病下肢动脉临床分期及下肢动脉狭窄程度的应用价值。方法 选取2015年1月~2017年8月经我院临床诊断为糖尿病下肢动脉疾病的患者89例,所有患者均进行CTA与数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查。整理89例患者DSA与CTA重建图像,由两名经验丰富的放射科诊断医师共同评估观察DSA与CTA重建图像,以DSA检查结果为金标准,对CTA对下肢动脉狭窄程度诊断的灵敏度、特异性及准确度进行计算,并分析CTA对诊断糖尿病下肢动脉临床分析的应用价值。结果 CTA与DSA检查结果一致性较好,以DSA检查结果为金标准,CTA诊断膝上动脉血管狭窄≥50%的灵敏度为97.23%、特异性为97.15%、准确度为97.13%、阳性预测值为94.02%及阴性预测值为97.89%,Kappa=0.945;CTA诊断膝下血管狭窄≥50%诊断的灵敏度为96.12%、特异性为92.05%、准确度为94.13%、阳性预测值为92.22%及阴性预测值为96.34%,Kappa=0875;CTA诊断足动脉血管狭窄的灵敏度为69.21%、特异性为90.95%、准确度为89.03%、阳性预测值为72.34%及阴性预测值为88.86%,Kappa=0.657。结论 CTA诊断糖尿病下肢动脉疾病,能对下肢动脉及其病变区进行直观、全面、清晰的准确显示,有利于影像医生对狭窄程度进行准确分级,可为临床对糖尿病下肢动脉疾病术前评价和筛选提供重要诊断依据。     

经皮肾镜碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石术后结石残余的危险因素分析

目的分析经皮肾镜碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石术后结石残余的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月安徽医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科收治的216例经皮肾镜碎石术治疗的复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料,根据复查结果分为无残余组(184例)和残余组(32例),通过单因素分析两组患者可能引起结石残余的相关因素,再通过多因素logistic回归分析结石残余的独立危险因素。结果 216例患者中,总结石残余发生率为14. 8%,通过单因素分析发现两组患者结石最大截面积、结石累计肾盏数目、既往结石手术史、先天性解剖结构异常、肾功能不全、术中出血并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);多因素logistic分析显示,结石最大截面积、结石累计肾盏数目、先天性解剖结构异常、术中出血并发症是复杂性肾结石术后结石残余的独立危险因素(P <0. 05)。结论复杂性肾结石术后结石残余由多种因素影响导致,最大截面积越大、结石累计肾盏数目越多、先天性解剖结构异常以及术中伴有出血并发症,术后结石残余的风险越高。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术的临床应用

目的探讨应用颈动脉剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄和闭塞。方法对2004年6月至2005年4月对8例颈动脉硬化狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者颈内动脉狭窄程度均大于70％,术中都应用Brener转流管及血管补片。结果术后所有患者未出现严重并发症,脑部供血好转,术后颈动脉超声及CTA检查见患侧颈动脉血流增加,未见动脉瘤形成。结论颈动脉内膜剥脱术是治疗颈动脉狭窄和闭塞较有效的方法。术中可常规应用转流管,应用血管补片可提高远期疗效。     

Does a shorter residual first metatarsal length after first ray amputation in diabetic patients leads to poorer outcomes – A risk factor study

BackgroundThe first ray plays a vital role in the normal function of the foot and the gait cycle where in its absence can lead to abnormal changes in weight distribution to the residual first metatarsal stump and lesser metatarsals with predisposition to developing lesser toe deformities reulcerations and reamputations particularly in diabetic patients. This study aims to characterise the outcomes after first ray amputation and its associated risk factors with focus on the impact of residual first metatarsal length.MethodsAll diabetic patients with first ray amputations from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Residual first metatarsal length was measured using postoperative radiographs. Risk factors for outcomes such as readmission, reulceration and/or reamputation, transfer ulceration and/or amputation of lesser toes, proximal amputations, ulcer-free duration (UFD) and mortality were analysed using bivariate logistic/linear regression followed by multiple logistic/linear regression models adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsAmong 89 patients with first ray amputations, 65.3 % needed readmission for further treatment. Although only 10.1 % had reulceration at the first ray which all led to reamputation, there were 56.2 % with transfer ulceration and 40.4 % with transfer amputation of the lesser toes in this cohort. The prevalence of transmetatarsal amputation was 18 % and proximal amputations at 12.4 % while the average UFD was 27 months. Mortality rate was 31.5 % with an average of 3-year survival. Preservation of the first metatarsal length via metatarsophalangeal joint disarticulation independently reduced likelihood of readmissions and residual metatarsal length of > one third when compared to < one third after first ray amputations had lower likelihood of transfer amputation of lesser toes.ConclusionFirst ray amputation in diabetic patients leads to significant morbidities and mortality. Preservation of the residual first metatarsal length independently reduced the likelihood of readmissions and transfer amputation to the lesser toes.     

黄韧带剥离法治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

采用黄韧带剥离法治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症39例,经术后平均2年10个月的随访,优28例,良9例,可2例,无差级病例,优良率95％。本手术的特点是潜行剥离切除椎板下及侧隐窝黄韧带,达到椎管扩大减压之目的。手术能做到减压彻底、骨性结构破坏小,利于病人的术后康复及脊柱的稳定。结果显示该术是治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的一种行之有效的方法。     

Does magnetic resonance imaging accurately predict residual disease in breast cancer?

Background

The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying residual disease after breast conservation therapy (BCT) is unclear.

Method

Review of an institutional database identified patients with positive or close (≤2 mm) margins undergoing MRI before re-excision. Histopathologic correlation was performed.

Results

Forty-three women underwent MRI after BCT. MRI suggested residual disease in 29 patients, of whom 20 (69%) had residual carcinoma pathologically. Nine patients had false-positive MRI as seen by benign pathology findings. Fourteen MRIs indicated no residual disease, of which 6 had residual disease pathologically. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of MRI was 77% and 69%, respectively. MRI conducted within 28 days of the original surgery was 85% sensitive. MRI performed after 28 days was 69% sensitive.

Conclusions

MRI is able to detect residual disease among most patients undergoing re-excision. False-positive results may be caused by inflammatory processes that resemble residual disease.     

Assessment of a Polyester-Covered Nitinol Stent in the Canine Aorta and Iliac Arteries

Purpose: To evaluate the patency and healing characteristics of a woven polyester fabric-covered stent in the canine model. Methods: Twenty-four self-expanding covered stents were placed in the infrarenal aorta and bilateral common iliac arteries of eight dogs and evaluated at 1 (n = 2), 3 (n = 2), and 6 (n = 4) months. Stent assessment was done using angiography prior to euthanasia, and light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Angiographically, just prior to euthanasia, 8 of 8 aortic and 14 of 16 iliac endovascular covered stents were patent. Histologically, the stented regions showed complete endothelialization 6 months after graft implantation. A neointima had formed inside the stented vessel regions resulting in complete encasement of the fabric-covered stent by 3 months after graft implantation. Medial compression with smooth muscle cell atrophy was present in all stented regions. Explanted stent wires, examined by scanning electron microscopy, showed pitting but no cracks or breakage. Conclusion: The covered stent demonstrated predictable healing and is effective in preventing stenosis in vessels 10.0 mm or greater in diameter but does not completely preclude stenosis in vessels 6.0 mm or less in diameter.     

The impact of residual angulation on patient reported functional outcome scores after non-operative treatment for humeral shaft fractures

PurposeTo determine if residual angular deformity following non-operative treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures correlates with patient reported outcomes.MethodsSkeletally mature patients treated by one of three orthopaedic trauma surgeons at a level 1 trauma centre with humeral shaft fractures treated without surgery were retrospectively identified over a 7 year period. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 patients were eligible for the study. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH); Simple Shoulder Test (SST); General health questionnaire SF-12 physical component summary (SF-12 PCS) and mental component summary (SF-12 MCS) were obtained from study participants. Healed angular deformity was obtained from patient charts.ResultsThirty two subjects were successfully recruited (32/42 or 76%). Average age was 45 ± 22 with average study follow up being 47 ± 29 months. Average outcome scores were DASH 12 ± 16, SST 10 ± 2.7, SF-12 PCS 50 ± 7.9, and SF-12 MCS 54 ± 8.8. Healed sagittal plane deformity averaged 8 ± 5.7° [range 0−18], and 15 ± 7.9° [range 2−27] in the coronal plane. There was no correlation between residual sagittal or coronal plane deformity and outcome scores (DASH and SST for both p > 0.05). Patients with at least 20° (n = 7; 22%) of healed coronal deformity had similar outcomes to those with <20° ([DASH (13.2 ± 18.7 vs 11.7 ± 16.1; p = 0.83]; [SST (10.3 ± 2 vs 10.0 ± 2.9; p = 0.81]). Higher SF-12 PCS and MCS scores correlated with better DASH and SST scores (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionResidual angular deformity ranging from 0 to 18° in the sagittal plane and from 2 to 27° in the coronal plane after non-operative treatment for humeral shaft fractures had no correlation with patient reported DASH scores, SST scores, or patient satisfaction. Instead, overall physical and mental health status as measured by the SF-12 significantly correlated with patient reported outcomes.