雷帕霉素抑制兔眼后发性白内障的实验研究

目的：探讨雷帕霉素（Rapamycin,RAPA）抑制兔眼后发性白内障发生的有效性及可行性。方法：雄性新西兰大白兔12只，24眼随机分为空白对照组，RAPA 7.5、15和30?ng/ml组,4组均行超声乳化透明晶状体吸除术；实验组灌注液中分别加入不同浓度的RAPA。术后不同时间裂隙灯观察兔眼角膜、房水及晶状体后囊膜混浊情况；3个月后处死动物，分别对4组兔眼行组织病理学及电镜检查。结果：术后12周，RAPA15?ng/ml组和30?ng/ml组后囊混浊发生率较对照组明显减少（P＜0.05）；各组术后裂隙灯下角膜混浊度无明显差异。结论：浓度为15～30?ng/ml的RAPA灌注液可有效抑制兔眼后发性白内障的发生且对角膜无明显的毒性作用。     

双J管在上尿路疾病中的应用

目的探讨双J管在上尿路疾病中的临床应用效果。方法治疗81例不同原因的上尿路疾病患者,采用双J管内引流及支架。结果除1例双J管未插入膀胱外,80例均获得了内引流及支架的满意效果。结论上尿路疾病的各种开放性手术,最好选双J管内引流及支架,肾盂内较大结石行ESWL前经尿道膀胱镜置入双J管。     

Tracheoesophageal fistula: New option in management

Tracheoesophageal fistula is a life threatening condition. Patients not managed surgically ultimately die of their disease. Surgical management is the treatment of choice. We present a case of a patient that developed a tracheoesophageal fistula after tracheostomy. Surgical repair was done which failed due to infection. The patient was managed with the help of an esophageal stent and Trichloroacetic Acid cautery. This approach can be used in selected patients, depending upon the size and site of TEE Larger fistulae and those situated lower down e.g. supra carinal cannot be managed by this technique.     

扩张置管治疗癌性复杂性食管狭窄和瘘的近远期疗效观察

目的应用带膜金属支架治疗癌性难治性食管狭窄和瘘,并对近、远期疗效进行观察。方法在电子内镜下应用扩张器和支架置入器,对临床确诊的难治性食管狭窄和(或)瘘的48例患者进行支架置入术。根据病情的不同情况选择不同的治疗方式。结果48例患者共放置支架64个,置管后狭窄处直径由(4.02±1.35)mm增至(15.05±4.02)mm(P<0.01),吞咽困难由3.28±0.42级改善为0.94±0.73级(P<0.01),食管瘘患者瘘口全部闭合。随访1个月及1年有效率分别为100%、74.2%,1年失访共3例,复发共8例经重复治疗缓解。结论内镜直视扩张置管治疗难治性食管狭窄和瘘,操作直观简便,定位准确,成功率较高,近远期效果较好。     

布-加综合征腔内成型术治疗体会

目的 :评价单球囊导管扩张 +内支架置放腔内成型治疗膜性及局限性布 加综合征 ,以探讨此术式的优缺点及适应证。方法 :采用下腔静脉单球囊导管扩张及内支架置放的手术方法对 8例膜性及局限性布 加综合征进行治疗。随访时间 10个月～ 2a。结果 :8例患者均一次性穿刺、扩张成功。阻塞段被扩张至 12mm～ 2 0mm ,行内支架置放腔内成型术后 ,阻塞下方下腔静脉压力从平均 (32± 4 .7)cmH2 O下降至 (19± 3.4 )cmH2 O。随访期内全部患者无复发。结论 :经腔内成型术对于短段闭塞型及重度下腔静脉狭窄型有良好疗效。     

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to erosion of the duodenal wall by a biliary stent

Complications from improperly placed biliary stents are not uncommon. Free loose wires from the ends of an uncovered stent can irritate and damage adjacent mucosal surfaces. Effective management can be achieved via percutaneous placement of a second stent to alter the orientation of the original stent.     

左右肝管同时狭窄的高位胆管梗阻单双支架治疗的对比性研究

目的分析左右肝管同时狭窄的高位胆管梗阻病例行胆管内双支架放置治疗的临床应用价值。资料与方法29例肝门部胆管梗阻患者,单支架放置13例,双支架放置16例。结果单、双支架放置成功率分别为100％、93．75％（P〉0．05）;术后胆红素下降率分别为58．10％、74．63％（P〈0．05）;6个月、1年的生存率分别为78．82％、38．43％和88．17％、45．16％（P〈0．05）;并发症发生率为19．77％、23．10％（P〉0．05）。结论左右肝管同时狭窄的高位胆管梗阻,双支架放置治疗比单支架放置治疗能更有效地解除黄疸,延长生存期,值得临床推广应用。     

术前置D-J管后腹腔镜手术治疗输尿管结石

目的:探讨术前膀胱镜下留置D-J管后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法:对38例输尿管中上段结石患者,行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗,术前膀胱镜下留置D-J管。结果:38例手术均成功,手术完成率100%,手术时间平均50min,术中出血量平均15ml;术后漏尿3例。术后3~5d拔除后腹膜腔引流管,留置导尿5~7d,术后住院平均6d。随访2~22个月,患者肾输尿管积水明显好转,无结石复发和输尿管切口处狭窄。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术前置D-J管安全可行;比术中置管具有损伤小、寻找输尿管容易、出血少、手术时间短、术后并发症少等优点,二者结合,适用于输尿管中上段结石的治疗。     

Pulmonary artery-bronchus fistula treated with coil embolization

Bronchopulmonary arterial fistula consists of an abnormal connection between the bronchus and the vascular tree and is a rare but serious complication associated with a variety of lung interventions. We present a case of a 61-year-old female with a history of metastatic breast cancer treated with lumpectomy and radiation 20 years prior, who was found to have a fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the right mainstem bronchus. Our patient was treated endovascularly with coil embolization in the setting of massive hemoptysis flooding the trachea, which was successful in controlling the acute bleed, although care was withdrawn in the following days following a discussion with the family given the presence of advanced metastatic disease. This case illustrates the use of endovascular techniques to treat an actively bleeding bronchopulmonary arterial fistulae, including a review of the existing literature regarding the optimal endovascular management strategy. Although our patient did not achieve the best outcome, endovascular intervention with stent-placement or embolization can serve to temporarily halt blood flow through the fistula, stabilizing the patient and allowing for more radical therapy after improvement.     

颈内动脉 Y 形分叉处双支架并联取栓术的有限元模拟

目的 利用有限元方法模拟单、双支架在理想颈内动脉Y形分叉处血管取栓过程,依据仿真结果分析取栓过程中支架-血栓-血管相互作用,为改善分叉处支架取栓效果提供指导。方法 利用CAD软件建立模型,利用有限元分析软件模拟单、双支架取栓过程。结果 单支架模型取栓失败,双支架模型取栓成功,并且取栓过程中血栓的最大应力是单支架的2倍,最大应变是单支架的1.12倍,血管壁表面的最大接触压强大约是单支架的2倍。结论 Solitaire双支架能够有效防止分叉处血栓移位并且成功取出血栓,但血栓中段应力水平较高存在断裂风险;取栓过程中前动脉侧血管接触压强更大,血管壁损伤风险更大。因此,有必要优化取栓支架的设计以提高其柔顺性。