Housing and rank status of male Long–Evans rats modify ethanol’s effect on open-field behaviors

Rationale Psychosocial stress is known to alter behavior of rodents. While psychosocial stress may alter the response to some drugs, the response to ethanol (EtOH) has not been evaluated.Objective To examine open-field behaviors of triad- and singly housed rats treated acutely or voluntarily ingesting EtOH.Method Triad-housed rats were categorized as dominant, subdominant, or subordinate based on assessments of offensive and defensive behaviors. Open-field behaviors were monitored during a 10-min test in rats voluntarily ingesting a 6% solution of EtOH for 2 weeks (1), and after an i.p. injection of saline, 0.5 or 1.0 g kg⁻¹ of EtOH (2).Results Daily intake of EtOH was highest in subdominant and lowest in dominant rats. Overall, open-field behaviors did not differ between water- and EtOH-consuming triad- or singly housed rats. The 0.5-g kg⁻¹ dose of EtOH enhanced locomotor activity only in triad-housed rats, center entries primarily in singly housed rats, and head-poke behavior in dominant and singly housed rats. Rearing behavior was not altered by the 0.5-g kg⁻¹ dose, but in singly housed rats, rearing behavior was depressed by the 1.0-g kg⁻¹ dose. This larger dose of EtOH had no effect on the other behaviors.Conclusions EtOH’s effects on open-field behaviors show behavioral specificity and vary with the subject’s housing and/or rank status. EtOH’s acute anxiolytic-like effect was primarily evident in singly housed rats.     

Relationship between rank and plasma testosterone and cortisol in red deer males (Cervus elaphus)

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a change in the social composition in a group of red deer males on the relationship between their rank and testosterone. A group of twelve adult red deer males (Cervus elaphus) was tested in two social settings. From April 15 to June 9 (Period 1) this group was kept separately in an enclosure. On June 10, nine 3-year-old males were added to that group of adult males. They were kept together until August 31. We performed 10 observations of the group when the agonistic interactions of the males were recorded and we took 9 blood samples per male in Period 1; 11 observations were made and 10 samples were taken in Period 2. Concentrations of testosterone and cortisol were later determined in plasma. Adding much younger and smaller sparring partners into the experimental group of adult males in Period 2 altered the agonistic behaviour of the adults even though this did not trigger any change in rank position of the experimental males except one. Adult males targeted preferentially their attacks on individuals much lower in the hierarchy. Experimental male deer with higher social rank had lower levels of testosterone in Period 1; in Period 2 it was just the opposite. In Period 1 the animals had higher cortisol levels than in Period 2. As controls we used four adult (5 years old) males sharing the enclosure with four 3-year-old males. No changes in hormone concentrations were observed in the control group. Thus, changing the social environment of adult red deer males resulted in change of the relationship between rank and testosterone and cortisol concentrations.     

某医院2006-2010年住院患者死亡情况分析

目的:探讨住院病人死亡原因。方法:分析某院住院病人死亡资料。结果:恶性肿瘤疾病患者居各类疾病系统死亡位次之首,其次为循环系统,损伤和中毒,呼吸系统等。结论:应重点加强死因顺位前五位疾病的防治,提高人民健康水平。     

运用秩和比法对各省2008年孕产妇保健工作质量的综合评价

目的:综合评价全国各省孕产妇保健工作并进行排序分档。方法:收集各省2008年孕产妇保健工作质量相关指标:高危产妇比重、孕产妇建卡率、系统管理率、产前检出率、产后访视率、住院分娩率、新法接生率、孕产妇死亡率等数据,运用秩和比法对各省孕产妇保健工作进行综合评价。结果:秩和比法评为优和良的地区绝大多数为东部经济较发达省份,而评为一般或差的地区多为经济欠发达的中西部地区,与我国的区域经济发展水平和公共卫生事业发展状况基本一致。结论:国家应加大对经济欠发达地区的公共卫生事业、特别是妇幼保健工作的财政支持,促进中西部地区的卫生事业发展和人们的健康水平。     

TOPSIS法和秩和比法模糊联合在基本公共卫生服务质量综合评价中的应用研究

背景国家基本公共卫生服务项目的开展是我国新医改的重要举措，自2009年国家基本公共卫生服务项目开展后，其服务经费与服务项目不断扩增，由于涉及指标较多，覆盖面较广，探寻科学、客观、全面的基本公共卫生服务综合评价方法十分必要。目的探索适宜的基本公共卫生服务质量综合评价方法，通过质量评价为调整相关政策和提高服务质量提供依据。方法2019年2—4月，采用多阶段立意抽样方式从Z省南部、中部和北部地区共选取24家社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）作为评价对象，记为机构A~X。采用逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS法）、秩和比法及二者模糊联合的方法对24家社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）2018年基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务质量进行综合评价（参考2018年国家基本公共卫生服务项目选取12项评价指标）。结果在TOPSIS法评价中，Ci值排名前三名的为A（0.917 4）、C（0.875 9）和G（0.787 9），Ci值排名后三名的为I（0.414 2）、W（0.413 7）和N（0.407 7）。在秩和比法评价中，RSR值排名前三名的为A（0.890 6）、G（0.765 6）和C（0.711 8），RSR值排名后三名的为V（0.381 9）、W（0.362 8）和K（0.357 6）。根据模糊集理论，将W1Ci+W2RSR值进行排序，依据"择多原则"，排名前三名的分别为A、C和G，排名后三名的分别为I、K和W，这与TOPSIS法和秩和比法的评价结果基本一致。结论TOPSIS法和秩和比法模糊联合得到的评价结果及影响因素与其他研究结果相一致，并且两者联用能克服单一使用TOPSIS法或秩和比法的局限性，适宜在基本公共卫生服务质量评价中推广应用。     

Treatment of sialorrhoea with repeated ultrasound-guided injections of botulinum toxin A into the parotid and submandibular glands

Botulinum toxin injections are useful in patients with refractory sialorrhoea although the optimum treatment protocol and its efficacy over a long period of follow up are controversial. The aim of our prospective study was to examine the efficacy and complications of a protocol of repeated ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections of fixed doses at a tertiary children’s hospital. A total of 79 procedures were done in 34 patients who were followed up for two years. The overall complication rate was 3%. The outcome measures considered included the Drooling Frequency Severity Scale (DFSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and carers’ assessments of the reduction in drooling. Our study highlighted two types on non-responders (primary and secondary) of which 3/34 required definitive surgical management. In summary, this study shows that a protocol of repeated injections of fixed doses of botulinum toxin A, while not beneficial in all cases, is a potentially valuable option for the safe and effective treatment of sialorrhoea in children.     

中西医结合治疗方案对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能缺损和致残结局的影响

目的 研究中西医结合治疗方案对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能缺损和近期致残结局的影响。     

The role of RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) triad in cancer-induced bone diseases: physiopathology and clinical implications

Bone homeostasis is maintained by the remodelling of bone which depends on a balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Malignant bone lesions are very common in patients with cancer; whether they result from a tumor in bone (giant cell tumour of bone, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma...) or they are bony metastases from advanced cancers of which the most osteotropic are breast and prostate cancer. Malignant cells within the bone disrupt the normal bone remodelling process, leading to increased bone destruction and occurence of pathological fractures. Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) play a pivotal role in the regulation of bone remodelling; by binding to RANK, RANKL stimulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, whereas its cognate decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) blocks this process by interacting with RANKL. Tumour cells produce different factors that manipulate the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in order to stimulate bone destruction. Furthermore, pending on the tumour type, RANKL plays a role in the migration, invasion and proliferation of malignant cells within the bone, while OPG increases survival of tumour cells. Inhibition of RANK/RANKL system may therefore offer new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of primitive and secondary bone cancers.     

基于秩和比法对北京市社区中医药服务能力分析

目的:评价北京市社区中医药服务能力。方法:采用秩和比法对北京市46家社区卫生服务中心中医药服务能力进行评分,并排序分档。结果:14家示范区中心中医药服务能力处于中档与中上档,21家非示范区社区卫生服务中心能力处于中档与中下档,各组差异有统计学意义。结论:整体来看,社区中医药服务能力处于中等水平,示范区中医药服务能力优于非示范区。