锁定加压钢板结合人工骨植骨治疗老年桡骨远端骨折

目的:介绍锁定加压钢板结合人工骨植骨治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的方法,并观察其效果。方法:采用微创手术治疗老年桡骨远端骨折24例,均采用锁定加压钢板固定并结合人工骨植骨。结果:随访6～17个月,平均12个月,全部创口愈合良好,无神经血管损伤,无腕关节僵硬及骨折再移位,骨折全部获愈合,疗效按Dienst功能评定标准:优18例,良4例,可2例,优良率91.6%。结论:临床疗效与治疗方法密切相关,锁定加压钢板结合人工骨植骨治疗老年桡骨远端骨折可以获得确实可靠的效果。     

关节镜辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

Objective To investigate the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures. Methods Twelve cases of intra-articular distal radius fractures treated from 2004 to 2007 were reviewed. In these cases, open reduction and internal fixation were performed with the assistance of wrist arthroscopy to observe the alignment of the articular surface. CT scan was obtained postoperatively to evaluate joint alignment, radial height, volar tilting and radial inclination. Recovery of the wrist function was also followed. Results The average postoperative follow up period was 24 months. None of the 12 cases was found to have any "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist. X-ray measurement showed radial height averaged 12 mm (7 to 15 mm), volar tilting averaged 5° (1° to9°) and radial inclination averaged 20 °(14° to28°). Range of motion of the wrist joint achieved 33° of flexion on average ( 18° to 42°) and 38° of extension on average (21° to 42°). Six cases had mild pain during motion. According to Gartland / Werley' s criteria, the result was excellent in 5 eases and good in 7. Conclusion Arthroscope-assisted treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures can avoid "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist, thus achieve maximal functional recovery of the wrist.     

桡骨远端骨折不同程度背屈畸形后腕动力学变化

目的测定桡骨远端骨折背屈成角畸形后腕动力肌腱的滑动距离和力臂变化,为矫正临床上骨折畸形提供依据. 方法采用7只新鲜成人尸体上肢标本,将桡侧腕长伸肌腱、桡侧腕短伸肌腱、尺侧腕伸肌腱、桡侧腕屈肌腱和尺侧腕屈肌腱与旋转电压计相连,测定肌腱活动距离 ,在桡骨远端、桡骨骨折向背侧成角10°、20°、30°、40°时,分别测定在腕屈曲45°至伸展45°、桡偏20°至尺偏25°过程中5根腕主要活动肌腱距离,用方差分析法分析不同程度桡骨成角时力臂变化的统计学差异. 结果桡骨骨折背屈成角显著影响腕动力肌腱的力臂,骨折畸形程度越大,力臂变化越大.背倾成角10°时即可引起力臂显著变化,背倾30°～40°时力臂变化很大.桡侧伸腕肌腱力臂显著增大,屈腕肌腱力臂显著减小. 结论桡骨远端骨折背屈畸形显著影响腕动力学,临床上即使10°的背屈畸形也需要予以矫正,强调对此骨折完全解剖复位.     

hBMP-2基因修饰的组织工程化骨修复兔桡骨节段性缺损

目的利用免桡骨节段性骨缺损模型，比较评估hBMP-2基因修饰的组织工程化骨修复骨缺损的能力。方法利用腺病毒载体Adeno-X^TM将hBMP-2基因转染新西兰大白兔骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs），培养扩增3周后接种于磷酸钙／纤维蛋白胶复合支架材料，构建成基因修饰的组织工程化骨（A组）；将自体BMSCs培养扩增3周后接种于磷酸钙／纤维蛋白胶复合支架材料（B组）和单纯磷酸钙／纤维蛋白胶复合支架材料（c组）作为对照组，与A组同时回植于供体兔桡骨节段性骨缺损。另外骨缺损模型自行修复组（D组），作为空白对照。分别于术后4周、8周、12周行大体观察，X线摄影，99^m Tc-MDP SPECT和组织学检查并比较其骨愈合率。结果实验组（A、B、C组）骨缺损部位均有新骨生成，12周时，均能达到骨性愈合，而空白对照（D组）仍为纤维组织充填；A组成骨数量，成骨速度和骨愈合率均高于B、c组，而B、C组之间差异无统计学意义。结论hBMP-2基因修饰的组织工程化骨成骨能力强，骨愈合率高，是一种理想的骨移植材料。     

克氏针有限内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨克氏针有限内固定技术治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床意义。方法对我院于1999年4月～2003年1月期间收治的76例桡骨远端骨折患者熏采用经皮克氏针有限内固定技术熏辅以前臂石膏托短期外固定治疗。结果随访5～25个月(平均10个月),骨折全部愈合且无感染。采用改良GartlandandWerley穴GW雪评分系统对腕部进行功能评定,疗效优59例熏良11例熏可4例,差2例,总优良率92.1%。结论克氏针有限内固定技术治疗桡骨远端骨折熏操作简便熏创伤小熏固定可靠熏并发症少熏适于基层医院推广应用。     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨Essex-Lopresti损伤的诊断和治疗特点。方法对5例病人在确诊后行手术治疗,恢复或重建桡骨长度,同时复位并稳定下尺桡关节,并在术后对这5例病人进行了随访。结果术后所有病人的肘关节活动度均无严重受限,均无肘关节不稳定,除开放损伤的1例外其他均无疼痛和明显力量减弱。Morry肘关节评分平均为86．8分（75．5～95．5分）,其中优1例,良4例,可1例。病人的腕关节活动受限轻微,均没有明显的疼痛,1例病人在从事原来的重体力工作时略有力不从心,其他病人均能很好地恢复原来的工作。改良的Green＆O’Brien腕关节临床评分平均为87分（80—90分）,其中优3例,良2例。结论对于Essex—lopresti损伤,早期诊断非常重要。主要的治疗原则是恢复或重建桡骨长度的同时复位、稳定下尺桡关节。首要的是恢复或重建桡骨长度,在可能的情况下应尽量早期对桡骨头骨折进行切开复位内固定（ORIF）,如桡骨头骨折粉碎严重不能进行内固定,则可考虑一期进行人工金属桡骨头假体置换。对下尺桡关节损伤的处理应早期进行复位并对其进行一定的固定。     

关节镜辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

Objective To investigate the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures. Methods Twelve cases of intra-articular distal radius fractures treated from 2004 to 2007 were reviewed. In these cases, open reduction and internal fixation were performed with the assistance of wrist arthroscopy to observe the alignment of the articular surface. CT scan was obtained postoperatively to evaluate joint alignment, radial height, volar tilting and radial inclination. Recovery of the wrist function was also followed. Results The average postoperative follow up period was 24 months. None of the 12 cases was found to have any "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist. X-ray measurement showed radial height averaged 12 mm (7 to 15 mm), volar tilting averaged 5° (1° to9°) and radial inclination averaged 20 °(14° to28°). Range of motion of the wrist joint achieved 33° of flexion on average ( 18° to 42°) and 38° of extension on average (21° to 42°). Six cases had mild pain during motion. According to Gartland / Werley' s criteria, the result was excellent in 5 eases and good in 7. Conclusion Arthroscope-assisted treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures can avoid "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist, thus achieve maximal functional recovery of the wrist.     

"Failure" of forearm intramedullary elastic nails

Elastic nails are an established modality for treating forearm fractures in children. These nails are usually removed 6–9 months after surgery as refracture may occur in 10% of cases if the nails removed earlier. We report a case of refracture of the forearm bones with elastic nails in situ, 5 months after the original fractures. The fracture was angulated approximately 80° with the apex pointing anteriorly. Closed reduction was difficult and resulted in breakage of the ulnar nail. The authors describe the details and outline the management of this unreported complication.     

Long-term results following pediatric distal forearm fractures

Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency and extent of clinical and radiological late sequelae and to identify predicting factors.Materials and methods A total of 220 patients of growing age with 232 closed, conservatively treated fractures were re-examined clinically and radiologically at a median follow-up time of 10 years (range 5–16 years). Clinical and radiological findings were summarised as an overall result.Results Of the total of patients, 19% reported pain in the injured wrist, and wrist mobility was limited in 5% of patients. Forearm rotation was decreased in 16%, primarily in epiphyseal separation of the ulna (p=0.0033). Radial inclination was different in 6% of patients, palmar tilt in 2%, and ulnar variance in 37%, compared with the contralateral side. Ulnocarpal impaction syndrome was present in 75% of the patients with positive ulnar variance. Overall outcome was excellent in 72%, good in 19%, moderate in 6%, and poor in 3% of patients. The younger the children were at the time of injury, the more favourable the results were (p=0.009). Children who were older than 10 years when they suffered a severe fracture dislocation had the poorest results (p=0.008). Further factors having a negative influence on outcome were repeated reduction maneuvers and an additional fracture of the ulna.Conclusion Our follow-up examinations showed that the majority of patients achieved good results, especially in children under 10 years old. Large dislocations at the time of fracture healing do not influence long-term results in this age group and thus can be tolerated. Patients over 10 years old, whose fractures healed with an angular deformity of more than 20° and/or fragment dislocation over half the breadth of the shaft showed the poorest results. Thus, such dislocations should not be tolerated, and reduction should be attempted in this age group by only one reduction maneuver.     

关节镜辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

Objective To investigate the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures. Methods Twelve cases of intra-articular distal radius fractures treated from 2004 to 2007 were reviewed. In these cases, open reduction and internal fixation were performed with the assistance of wrist arthroscopy to observe the alignment of the articular surface. CT scan was obtained postoperatively to evaluate joint alignment, radial height, volar tilting and radial inclination. Recovery of the wrist function was also followed. Results The average postoperative follow up period was 24 months. None of the 12 cases was found to have any "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist. X-ray measurement showed radial height averaged 12 mm (7 to 15 mm), volar tilting averaged 5° (1° to9°) and radial inclination averaged 20 °(14° to28°). Range of motion of the wrist joint achieved 33° of flexion on average ( 18° to 42°) and 38° of extension on average (21° to 42°). Six cases had mild pain during motion. According to Gartland / Werley' s criteria, the result was excellent in 5 eases and good in 7. Conclusion Arthroscope-assisted treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures can avoid "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist, thus achieve maximal functional recovery of the wrist.