The link between radiofrequencies emitted from wireless technologies and oxidative stress

Wireless communication such as cellular telephones and other types of handheld phones working with frequencies of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2450 MHz have been increasing rapidly. Therefore, public opinion concern about the potential human health hazards of short and long-term effect of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Oxidative stress is a biochemical condition, which is defined by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the anti-oxidative defense. In this review, we evaluated available in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on the relation between RF emitted from mobile phones and oxidative stress. The results of the studies we reviewed here indicated that mobile phones and similar equipment or radars can be thought as a factor, which cause oxidative stress. Even some of them claimed that oxidative stress originated from radiofrequencies can be resulted with DNA damage. For this reason one of the points to think on is relation between mobile phones and oxidative stress. However, more performance is necessary especially on human exposure studies.     

B超引导经皮肝穿射频治疗肝癌24例临床研究

目的探讨肝癌患者实施经皮肝穿射频治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析2006年11月～2011年1月本院24例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者行B超引导经皮肝穿射频治疗的临床资料。结果24例患者中，16例患者15min吲哚靛青绿储留率（ICGR15）〈10％，5例10％～20％之间，3例〉20％；甲胎蛋白提示阳性患者经治疗后转为阴性的有75．0％，呈明显下降的有25．0％；CT复查显示肿瘤缩小，完全凝固性的坏死率是87．5％。结论对于肝癌患者，尤其是重度肝硬化、肝功能较差、不耐手术、术后复发者，实施RF治疗不仅创伤小，而且方便、安全，疗效确切，应予临床合理推广。     

Three-Dimensional Model-Based Segmentation in Echocardiography Using High Temporal Tissue and Blood Flow Information

Accurate 3-D surface segmentation is a challenging task in echocardiography because of the relatively low image quality. We introduce a new method for 3-D segmentation of the endocardium involving temporal decorrelation of echo signals originating from tissue and blood using radiofrequency (RF) signals acquired in 3-D Doppler mode. Temporal features were extracted in 3-D Doppler mode, where a sequence of RF lines is recorded for each image line. Each set of RF lines is highly correlated because of the high pulse repetition frequency. However, for high blood flow, the RF signals will decorrelate over time in contrast to the endocardium, which will remain relatively highly correlated over time. These decorrelation features permit differentiation between myocardial tissue and blood flow. We describe an implementation of a 3-D segmentation model in which temporal information is used as external constraint. The model was validated in a phantom and in vivo in healthy volunteers (n = 5). The phantom study revealed that the model successfully segmented the artificial blood lumen even for low flow velocity and illustrated the sensitivity of the segmentations to flow rate. In healthy volunteers, high Dice similarity indices indicate that 3-D segmentation of the endocardial border in vivo is feasible.     

索拉菲尼治疗进展期原发性肝癌患者有效性及安全性研究*

目的 探讨应用索拉菲尼治疗进展期原发性肝癌(aPLC)患者的有效性和安全性。方法 2013年4月~2016年12月我科诊治的aPLC患者82例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组41例。两组均给予射频消融术（RFA）治疗,观察组患者在RFA前后接受索拉菲尼治疗,观察12 w。采用ELISA法检测血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。结果 2例观察组患者被剔除,3例对照组患者失访;在治疗12 w末,观察组疾病控制率为61.5%,与对照组的52.6%比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但观察组肿瘤客观有效率为48.7%,显著高于对照组的26.3%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组血清AFP、bFGF和VEGF水平分别为（184.7±10.5）μg/L、（3.8±1.3） pg/mL和（172.3±25.4） pg/mL,均显著低于对照组的（213.6±11.6） μg/L、（6.4±2.0） pg/mL和（210.5±28.3） pg/mL,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组中位无进展生存期（PFS）为10.2个月（95%CI为7.4~11.5）,对照组为7.9个月（95%CI为 6.0~10.1）,经Log-rank检验显示两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组在服药过程中手足综合征、皮疹、白细胞减少、口腔黏膜炎、脱发和肝功能异常发生率分别为43.6%、25.6%、17.9%、20.5%、25.6%和23.1%,显著高于对照组的0.0%、2.6%、0.0%、0.0%、0.0%和5.3%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 索拉菲尼可控制aPLC患者实体瘤扩散,延长无进展生存期,但索拉菲尼可引起多种不良反应,在用药过程中应注意观察并及时采取相应处理措施,以防止发生严重不良反应。     

CREANUIS: A Non-linear Radiofrequency Ultrasound Image Simulator

Nonlinear ultrasound methods are widely used in clinical applications for tissue or contrast harmonic imaging. Accurate non-linear imaging simulation tools are required in research studies for the development of new methods. However, in existing simulators, the possible inhomogeneity of the coefficient of non-linearity, which is generally observed in tissue and in particular when contrast agents are involved, has not yet been implemented. This article describes a new ultrasound simulator, called CREANUIS, devoted to the computation of B-mode images where both linear and non-linear propagation in media is considered, with a possible inhomogeneous coefficient of non-linearity. The resulting fundamental images, based on a spatially variant and non-linear point spread function, are in accordance with those obtained through the reference linear FieldII simulator, with computation time reduced by a factor of at least 1.8. Non-linear images of media exhibiting inhomogeneous coefficients of non-linearity are also provided. The simulation software can be freely downloaded from our website.     

Early heparinization decreases the incidence of left atrial thrombi detected by intracardiac echocardiography during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION: We reviewed our experience in managing intracardiac ultrasound-detected left atrial thrombus and analyzed the impact of the timing of heparin therapy on thrombus incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 508 patients undergoing ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation in which intracardiac ultrasound was used. All patients received unfractionated heparin during the procedure: 31 patients before the first transseptal puncture (preTS1), 257 between the first and second transseptal punctures (TS1-TS2), and 220 following both punctures (postTS2). By using intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), thrombus was detected in 30 of these 508 patients (5.9%). Of these, 29 were in the left atrium and constituted our study group. In 21 patients, the thrombi were successfully aspirated from the left atrium using strong suction through the transseptal sheath. All patients in whom thrombi were aspirated did well without neurological event or death. When patients received heparin therapy either preTS1 or TS1-TS2, there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of ICE-detected left atrial thrombus compared with those who received heparin postTS2 (0 of 31 patients (0%) preTS, 9 of 257 (3.5%) TS1-TS2, and 20 of 220 (9.1%) postTS2; (preTS1 vs postTS2, p = 0.01; preTS2 [preTS1 and TS1-TS2] vs postTS2, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Early administration of intravenous heparin, specifically before transseptal puncture, decreases the incidence of left atrial thrombi.     

儿童房室结折返性心动过速患者经冷冻消融和射频消融的结果比较

目的 比较经导管冷冻消融和射频消融治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的临床效果。方法 73例年龄在18岁以下，诊断为AVNRT的患者入选本研究，根据治疗方法分为冷冻消融组（冷冻组）和射频消融组（射频组），记录并分析比较两组的临床特点、冷冻标测次数、消融次数、X线曝光时间、消融术总时间、成功率、并发症发生率以及复发率。结果 共73例患者入选，冷冻组33例，男性16例，女性17例，平均年龄（12．4±2．8）岁；射频组40例，男性18例，女性22例，平均年龄（13．6±2．2）岁。冷冻组和射频组的消融次数分别为（2．7±1．7）次和（11±6．3）次（P〈0．001），X线曝光时间分别为（20±7）min和（25±9）min（P〈0．05），消融术总时间分别为（214±33）min和（164±36）min（P〈0．05），消融成功率88％（29／33）对100％（40／40）（P〈0．01），一过性房室阻滞的并发症发生率为12％对2．5％（P〈0．01）。冷冻组所有术中发生的传导阻滞均在5min内恢复。两组的复发率差异无统计学意义（6％与2．5％，P=NS）。结论 经导管冷冻消融治疗儿童AVNRT安全有效，但成功率低于射频消融，目前可作为后者的一种补充。     

射频导管消融治疗室上性心动过速对心率变异性的影响

目的：探讨射频导管消融对心脏自主神经系统功能的影响。方法：对５３例室上性心动过速患者采用时域、频域法对比分析射频导管消融前后心率变异性。结果：射频导管消融术后平均心率、最小心率、低频与高频的比值上升，２４小时平均心率的标准差，心率变异性指数、变异系数、２４小时ＲＲ间期直方图１／２高度时的宽度、２４小时ＲＲ间期直方图１／１０高度时的宽度、总频谱，低频成份和高频成份均降低。结论：射频导管消融术后迷走神经和交感神经张力均降低，但主要影响的是迷走神经张力，从而表现为心率变异性的降低。