小切口直视下肺静脉隔离术治疗孤立性心房颤动的近中期疗效观察

目的:总结小切口直视下肺静脉隔离,及左心耳切除治疗孤立性心房颤动的临床经验及近中期疗效。方法:2005年9月至2013年8月,31例孤立性心房颤动患者通过腋下小切口径路,直视下用Atricure双极射频消融系统,行双侧肺静脉隔离及左心耳切除、Marshall韧带切断。结果:无围术期死亡、Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞、脑卒中及大出血等严重并发症,气管插管时间(4.3±2.4)h,平均住院天数(5.9±2.8)d。26例患者术毕转复窦性心律,2例电复律后转复,3例5d内转复。平均随访19.4个月,2例心房颤动复发,3例出现阵发性房性期前收缩。结论:小切口直视下射频消融治疗孤立性心房颤动,无需特殊器械辅助,易于推广,近中期效果良好。     

磁导航系统遥控导管消融治疗右心室流出道室性心动过速/室性早搏

目的：探讨应用磁导航遥控导管消融治疗右心室流出道起源的室性心动过速/室性早搏（ RVOT-VT/PVCs）的安全性和有效性。方法2008年11月至2009年11月,在南京医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科行体表心电图检查,诊断为RVOT-VT/PVCs的患者共16例[女12例,男4例,平均年龄（44±15）岁],结合应用非接触标测系统和起搏标测确定靶点,磁导航遥控磁导管实施消融术,消融失败者改为手控导管消融。结果10例（63%）患者使用磁导航消融成功,6例需手控导管消融,1例术后出现动静脉瘘。平均放电（3．9±1．6）次,放电时间（240±33） s,总手术时间为（190±42） min,总X线曝光时间为（4．8±2．6） min,术者X线曝光时间平均为（3．2±2．0） min,磁导航系统遥控导管X线曝光时间为（1．6±1．0） min。结论应用磁导航系统结合非接触标测系统可安全、有效地实施遥控导管消融治疗RVOT-VT/PVCs,并可减少术者和患者的X线曝光时间。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for early hepatocellular carcinoma: Risk factors for survival

AIM: To evaluate outcomes of radiofrequency ablation(RFA) therapy for early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and identify survival- and recurrence-related factors. METHODS: Consecutive patients diagnosed with early HCC by computed tomography(CT) or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(single nodule of ≤ 5 cm, or multi-(up to 3) nodules of ≤ 3 cm each) and who underwent RFA treatment with curative intent between January 2010 and August 2011 at the Instituto do Cancer do Estado de S o Paulo, Brazil were enrolled in the study. RFA of the liver tumors(with 1.0 cm ablative margin) was carried out under CT-fluoro scan and ultrasonic image guidance of the percutaneous ablation probes. Procedure-related complications were recorded. At 1-mo post-RFA and 3-mo intervals thereafter, CT and MRI were performed to assess outcomes of complete response(absence of enhancing tissue at the tumor site) or incomplete response(enhancing tissue remaining at the tumor site). Overall survival and diseasefree survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log rank test or simple Cox regression. The effect of risk factors on survival was assessed by the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: A total of 38 RFA sessions were performed during the study period on 34 patients(age in years: mean, 63 and range, 49-84). The mean follow-up time was 22 mo(range, 1-33). The study population showed predominance of male sex(76%), less severe liver disease(Child-Pugh A, n = 26; Child-Pugh B, n = 8), and single tumor(65%). The maximum tumor diameters ranged from 10 to 50 mm(median, 26 mm). The initial(immediately post-procedure) rate of RFAinduced complete tumor necrosis was 90%. The probability of achieving complete response was significantly greater in patients with a single nodule(vs patients with multi-nodules, P = 0.04). Two patients experienced major complications, including acute pulmonary edema(resolved with intervention) and intestinal perforation(led to death). The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 82% and 71%, respectively. Sex, tumor size, initial response, and recurrence status influenced survival, but did not reach the threshold of statistical significance. Child-Pugh class and the model for end-stage liver disease score were identified as predictors of survival by simple Cox regression, but only Child-Pugh class showed a statistically significant association to survival in multiple Cox regression analysis(HR = 15; 95%CI: 3-76 mo; P = 0.001). The 1-and 2-year cumulative disease-free survival rates were 65% and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSION: RFA is an effective therapy for local tumor control of early HCC, and patients with preserved liver function are the best candidates.     

Squamous cell carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s dysplasia

Barrett’s oesophagus(BO)is a usually indolent condition that occasionally requires endoscopic therapy.Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)is an effective endoscopic treatment for high grade dysplasia(HGD)and intramucosal cancer in BO.It has a good efficacy,durability and safety profile although complications can occur.Here we describe a case of RFA in a patient with high grade dysplasia.Although the response to treatment was initially very good with the development of neosquamous epithelium,the patient very rapidly developed a squamous cell cancer of the oesophagus confirmed on radiology,histology and immunohistochemistry.Sanger sequencing confirmed that the original HGD and the squamous cell cancer(SCC)were derived from separate clonal origins.The report highlights the fact that SCC of the oesophagus has been noted after endoscopic ablation for BO previously and suggest that ablation of BO may encourage the clonal expansion of cells carrying carcinogenic mutations once a dominant clonal population has been eradicated.     

老年心律失常经冷盐水灌注导管行射频消融治疗临床分析

目的 观察冷盐水灌注导管射频消融治疗老年人心律失常的疗效及安全性.方法 选取2010年6月至2012年5月于我院住院接受心内电生理检查和射频消融治疗的老年患者30例（年龄≥60岁）.所有患者行导管射频消融治疗,其中15例接受标准导管射频消融手术治疗,23例（包括标准导管治疗失败的8例）行冷盐水灌注导管治疗.比较标准导管与冷盐水灌注导管消融治疗有效性、安全性及消融参数的差异.结果 ①与冷盐水灌注导管射频消融相比,常规导管射频消融温度高、阻抗高、功率低,但消融时间没有差异.②常规导管射频消融组中有2例脑卒中并发症,7例发生导管焦痂;冷盐水灌注导管射频消融组没有发生并发症.结论 冷盐水灌注导管射频消融治疗老年人心律失常的疗效好、安全性高,尤其对位置较深的心律失常更有优势.     

希氏束旁起源房性心动过速心电生理特征及射频消融疗效

目的分析起源于希氏束旁房性心动过速(房速)的心电生理特征及射频消融治疗效果。方法选自2009年1月至2014年5月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科就诊的经心内电生理检查和射频消融证实起源点位于希氏束旁的房速,简称希氏束旁房速18例,其中男2例,女16例,年龄31~68(40±9)岁,病史1~10年。对患者临床特征、心电生理特点及射频消融疗效进行分析。结果希氏束旁房速大多为女性,16例表现为阵发性,为心房或心室程序刺激诱发和终止,2例为无休止心动过速。所有患者房速心电图P波窄而低幅,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,a VF和V1导联P波负正双向,Ⅰ、a VL导联为直立,V2~V6导联P波负向。右房激动标测示心内最早激动位于希氏束附近,并领先于体表P波起始(15±3)ms。16例患者于无冠窦内消融成功,2例于右房希氏束旁消融成功,均无并发症,随访12个月所有患者均无心动过速复发。结论希氏束旁房速有独特的临床特征,心电图特征及心房内激动顺序,应首选无冠窦途径消融,长期随访房速行射频消融治疗安全有效。     

P波离散度与阵发性心房颤动患者射频消融术后复发关系的Meta分析

目的系统评价P波离散度(Pd)与阵发性心房颤动(PAF)患者射频消融术后复发的关系。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、万方、维普、中国知网数据库中关于Pd与PAF患者射频消融术后复发关系的病例对照研究。依据纳入标准筛选文献后,采用Revman5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入7篇文献,中文4篇,英文3篇。经漏斗图检验,可能存在发表偏倚。Meta分析结果显示:复发组术前Pd值显著高于治愈组(MD=10.37,95%CI:4.71～16.03),差异有统计学意义(Z=3.59,P=0.0003)。结论术前Pd高的PAF患者射频消融术后易复发,Pd可作为心房颤动复发的预测指标之一。     

栓塞化疗联合射频消融治疗对42例晚期肝癌患者的近期疗效评价

目的探讨栓塞化疗联合射频消融(RFA)治疗晚期肝癌临床治疗效果。方法选择首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院治疗的晚期肝癌患者84例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例,对照组给予栓塞化疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合使用射频消融治疗,观察两组治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者甲胎蛋白(AFP)和生活质量评分改善情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用栓塞化疗联合射频治疗晚期肝癌近期疗效显著,明显改善患者生活质量与AFP指标,不良反应可以耐受,值得在临床上推广使用。