Técnicas de fusión de imagen en los procedimientos intervencionistas

The field of percutaneous structural heart interventions has grown tremendously in recent years. This growth has fueled the development of new imaging protocols and technologies in parallel to help facilitate these minimally-invasive procedures. Fusion imaging is an exciting new technology that combines the strength of 2 imaging modalities and has the potential to improve procedural planning and the safety of many commonly performed transcatheter procedures. In this review we discuss the basic concepts of fusion imaging along with the relative strengths and weaknesses of static vs dynamic fusion imaging modalities. This review will focus primarily on echocardiographic-fluoroscopic fusion imaging and its application in commonly performed transcatheter structural heart procedures.     

Bases de la imagen funcional II: técnicas emergentes de resonancia magnética y nuevos métodos de análisis

Current multiparameter MRI protocols integrate structural, physiological, and metabolic information about cancer. Emerging techniques such as arterial spin-labeling (ASL), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), MR elastography, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), and hyperpolarization provide new information and will likely be integrated into daily clinical practice in the near future. Furthermore, there is great interest in the study of tumor heterogeneity as a prognostic factor and in relation to resistance to treatment, and this interest is leading to the application of new methods of analysis of multiparametric protocols. In parallel, new oncologic biomarkers that integrate the information from MR with clinical, laboratory, genetic, and histologic findings are being developed, thanks to the application of big data and artificial intelligence. This review analyzes different emerging MR techniques that are able to evaluate the physiological, metabolic, and mechanical characteristics of cancer, as well as the main clinical applications of these techniques. In addition, it summarizes the most novel methods of analysis of functional radiologic information in oncology.     

Induction of protective immunity to RM-1 prostate cancer cells with ALVAC-IL-2/IL-12/TNF-alpha combination therapy

Human prostate cancers characteristically express low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I, which makes it challenging to induce protective antitumor responses involving T cells. Here we demonstrate that a whole cell tumor vaccine can induce protective T cell immunity to a low MHC Class I-expressing mouse prostate cancer cell line, RM-1. ALVAC recombinant canarypox viruses encoding interleukin-2, interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were used to create therapeutic vaccines in 2 different ways. The RM-1 cells were pre-infected in vitro with the viruses prior to injection (pre-infection vaccine) or the RM-1 cells were injected alone, followed by the viruses (separate injection vaccine). The vaccines were each tested subcutaneously or intradermally. The pre-infection vaccine resulted in 100% clearance of primary tumors, whereas intradermal delivery of the separate injection vaccine cleared 40-60% of primary tumors. Despite the highly efficient primary tumor clearance by the pre-infection vaccine, only the separate injection vaccine generated protection upon rechallenge. Tumor-free survival induced by the separate injection vaccine required natural killer (NK) cells, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells. None of these cells alone were sufficient to induce tumor-free survival to the primary challenge, demonstrating an important cooperativity between NK cells and T cells. Secondary clearance of tumors also required NK and CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T cells. We report for the first time the generation of T cell immunity to the RM-1 prostate cancer cell line, demonstrating that it is possible to generate protective T cell immunity to a MHC I-low expressing tumor.     

Calculated carbon-hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpies for predicting oxidative susceptibility of drug substance molecules

The carbon-hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) concept is evaluated as a potential computed indicator of stability of pharmaceutical drug substance candidates - specifically for oxidative stability of these molecules. Computational methods are discussed. Accuracy and validity of the methods are evaluated. BDEs are computed for several well-known molecules, for which stability and degradant identification information is known. Anecdotal correlations are noted between the lowest BDE energies of familiar molecules (sertraline, ezlopitant and related structures, ziprasidone, trovafloxacin, and varenicline), the sites of oxidative lability on these molecules and the identities of oxidative degradants. A low BDE may correlate in general with a reactive site on a molecule, not just an oxidatively susceptible one.     

Uliginosin B presents antinociceptive effect mediated by dopaminergic and opioid systems in mice

Previous studies have shown that uliginosin B inhibits dopamine reuptake in rat brain. This compound occurs in Hypericum polyanthemum and H. caprifoliatum for which was reported to have antinociceptive effect sensitive to naloxone. The aim of this study was to assess the antinociceptive effect of uliginosin B and to evaluate the involvement of opioid and dopaminergic receptors activation. Uliginosin B presented antinociceptive effect in hot-plate and abdominal writhing tests, in mice, at doses that did not impair the motor coordination (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Uliginosin B in high dose (90 mg/kg, i.p.) presented ataxic effect in the rotarod apparatus. These effects seem to be mediated by distinct receptors since the effect on the hot-plate was completely abolished by naloxone and sulpiride, but it was unaffected by SCH 23390. On the other hand, the motor impairment induced by uliginosin B was completely prevented by naloxone and partially prevented by sulpiride and SCH 23390. However, the receptors' activation appears to be indirect since uliginosin B did not bind to opioid and dopaminergic receptors. Thus, uliginosin B effects probably are due to its ability to inhibit monoamine reuptake with consequent activation of dopamine receptors and indirect stimulation of opioid system.     

微阵列比较基因组杂交胚胎植入前遗传学筛查技术在复发性流产患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨微阵列比较基因组杂交胚胎植入前遗传学筛查(aCGH-PGS)技术对复发性流产(RM)患者辅助生殖临床结局的影响。方法:54例RM患者分为aCGH-PGS组(n=25)与非PGS组(n=29)。aCGH-PGS组胚胎行aCGH筛查,选择染色体整倍性胚胎植入,其临床结局与非PGS组相比较。结果:aCGH-PGS组中染色体整倍性胚胎占26.93%(42/156);平均移植胚胎1.3±0.8个,低于非PGS组2.6±0.6个(P0.01);胚胎着床率(57.58%)与临床妊娠率(61.90%)高于非PGS组(27.03%,P0.01;46.43%,P0.05),早期流产率(7.69%)低于非PGS组(38.46%,P0.01)。结论:经aCGH-PGS,植入1~2个染色体整倍性胚胎,可使RM患者获得更高的胚胎着床率及较低的早期流产率,是RM患者临床治疗的有效途径。     

对大学生肌肉力量运动处方的实验研究

为探讨运动处方对肌肉力量素质的影响,对我校78名18~20岁受试者进行肌肉力量测试,把肌肉力量相同的受试者分成实验组和对照组。实验组按运动处方所给的方法锻炼,对照组按照正常的教学进度进行锻炼,共进行16周的练习。结果表明,实验组较对照组力量指标明显增长,说明按运动处方锻炼,对提高大学生肌肉力量是有效果的。