急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后早期T波倒置与Q—T离散度的关系

目的观察急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后早期T波倒置与Q—T离散度的关系。方法观察65例急性心肌梗死行急诊介入治疗患者,根据其是否在介入治疗后24h内出现T波倒置,将患者分为T波倒置组45例,未倒置组20例,分别观察肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、室性心律失常发生率、Q—T离散度及预后。结果T波倒置组肌酸激酶同工酶峰值减低、达酶峰时间提前、QTd及QTcd显著缩短,随访6个月,T波倒置组较未倒置组患者心功能改善明显,心血管事件发生率低。结论Q—T间期离散度变化和介入治疗后是否早期T波倒置均为心肌组织水平再灌注的简易临床指标,与临床预后有密切关系。     

ECG abnormalities and stroke incidence

In this review, the authors discuss the role of ECG in prediction of stroke. ECG plays an important role in detection of several stroke risk factors/predictors including atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy; both are components of the Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Multiple other ECG traits have also emerged as potential predictors of stroke, namely cardiac electrical/structural remodeling – Q wave, QRS/QT duration, bundle blocks, P wave duration/amplitude/dispersion, other waveform angles and slopes; higher automaticity – ectopic beats; and re-entry – atrial tachyarrhythmia; and higher vulnerability to arrhythmia – heart rate and its variability. Most of these predictors are not ready for prime time yet; however, further research focusing on their role in risk stratification and prevention of stroke may be useful. In this article, the authors discuss the prevalence, mechanisms and clinical applications of traditional and novel ECG markers in the prevention and treatment of stroke.     

Ventricular fibrillation related to reversal of the neuromuscular blockade in a patient with long QT syndrome

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with syncopal attacks or even sudden death at a young age due to ventricular fibrillation. We report a patient with an undiagnosed LQTS who had an episode of cardiac arrest during the final part of general anesthesia, immediately after the drugs for reversal of the neuromuscular blockade were given. We suggest that the administration of glycopyrronium might have been the provoking factor in this patient.     

活动平板试验QTc离散度变化对冠心病的诊断意义

目的　研究活动平板运动试验后QTc离散度变化对冠心病诊断的意义。方法　经冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病的患者 32例 ,冠状动脉正常者 2 8例。分析比较两组活动平板运动前和运动后即刻、2min及 4min12导联心电图QTc离散度变化及ST段变化。结果　运动前和运动后即刻、2min及 4min冠心病组QTc离散度分别为 :(4 2± 11)ms;(6 5± 12 )ms ;(6 0± 15 )ms;(4 8± 11)ms。运动后各时间点QTc离散度比运动前明显升高(P <0 0 1) ;冠状动脉正常组运动前、运动后即刻、2min及 4minQTc离散度分别为 (36± 13)ms ;(39± 11)ms;(4 0± 12 )ms ;(38± 14)ms。运动后各时相QTc离散度与运动前比较无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;运动后冠心病组QTc离散度比正常对照组均明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。以运动后即刻QTc离散度≥ 5 0ms为标准 ,诊断冠心病的敏感性为 84 6 %,特异性为 80 2 %,预测准确性为 87 5 %。高于运动后ST段阳性标准的改变 (P <0 0 5 )。结论运动高峰时QTc离散度增加有助于观察心肌缺血程度 ,可作为诊断冠心病的参考指标。     

脑出血患者QTd及心肌酶谱的变化及意义

 目的探讨脑出血时心电图QT离散度(QTd)及血清心肌酶谱变化,客观评价脑出血病情及继发心脏损害的危险性。方法对54例脑出血患者及46例健康者的心电图QTd及血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)等心肌酶谱进行检测,并作了对照分析。结果脑出血患者QTd明显增加,心肌酶谱各项检测指标显著异常,与对照组比较,P＜0.01或P＜0.05,并与脑出血量多少相关。QTd增加与心肌酶谱多项指标升高呈正相关。结论脑出血患者心电图QTd及心肌酶谱显著异常。对QTd及心肌酶谱检测有助于判断脑出血病情及心脏受累程度,有利于脑源性猝死的预防。     

冠心病高危人群颈动脉内中膜离散度变化及相关因素

目的 探讨冠心病高危人群颈动脉内中膜厚度的离散度变化及相关影响因素.方法 利用计算机自动识别技术,以每一像素为长度,自动计算出颈动脉内中膜厚度的最大值( CIMT-max)、均值( CIMTmean)、标准差(CIMTSD)并与各种高危因素进行相关分析.结果 CIMTmax、CIMTmean、CIMTSD在高危组分别为(0.810±0.101)、(0.631±0.090)、(0.091±0.070)mm,在对照组分别为(0.704±0.099)、(0.557±0.063)、(0.045±0.014) mm;CIMTmax在0.6、0.7、0.8mm 时,高危组CIMTSD分别为(0.059±0.029)、(0.100 ±0.068)、(0.073.±0.018)mm,对照组分别为(0.041±0.015)、(0.050±0.013)、(0.042±0.013)mm; CIMTmean在0.50 ～0.69 mm时,高危组CIMTSD分别为(0.069±0.021)、(0.084±0.055) mm,对照组分别为(0.045±0.011)、(0.050±0.017) mm (P＜0.05);CIMTSD与血清超敏C-反应蛋白、甘油三脂、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白,收缩压、舒张压、吸烟等危险因素的相关性较CIMTmax、CIMTmean更好.结论 CIMTSD比CIMTmax、CIMTmean更能反映早期动脉粥样硬化.     

Newly developed T-wave inversion with cardiac wall-motion abnormality predominantly occurs in middle-aged or elderly women after noncardiac surgery

Purpose. The study was done to determine the characteristics and prevalence of myocardial ischemia with inverted T waves after noncardiac surgery. Methods. A list of patients who developed electrocardiogram (ECG) T-wave inversion associated with wall-motion abnormalities observed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) following noncardiac surgery was generated from the intensive care unit (ICU) medical records database between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2000. The hospital records of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results. Among 4219 patients (2187 men and 2032 women) who were admitted to the ICU after noncardiac surgery, 13 developed myocardial ischemia with inverted T waves postoperatively. All of the patients were middle-aged or elderly women with no history of coronary artery disease; nine of them had undergone intraabdominal surgery. Characteristic ECG findings included inverted T waves in the left precordial leads, which subsequently became prominent with QT prolongation. In all of these patients, wall-motion abnormalities were observed on the anterior wall, but these resolved within 60 days of the episode. Myocardial ischemia was asymptomatic, with neither hemodynamic changes nor adverse cardiac events. Conclusion. Newly developed giant negative T waves with QT prolongation in the ECG may indicate myocardial stunning, but do not in themselves imply a poor prognosis. The marked preponderance of middle-aged and elderly women with this type of myocardial ischemia remains to be explained. Received: June 7, 2002 / Accepted: December 20, 2002 Address correspondence to: Y. Esaki     

Tp-e间期，Tp-e/QT与ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常的关系

目的：探讨心电图T波峰末间期（Tp-e）及T波峰末间期与QT间期的比值（Tp-e/QT）与ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常的关系。方法分析我院2011年3月~2014年2月因严重慢性心功能不全（左室射血分数≤35%,纽约心功能分级为Ⅱ/Ⅲ级,且既往从未发生过室速或室颤等恶性心律失常）接受ICD（植入式心脏复律除颤器）一级预防的患者68例,对所有的患者随访18~38个月（平均26个月）。在随访过程中,患者根据是否发生终点事件分为高危组及低危组;本研究以SCD或室颤、室速作为终点事件。术前对所有的患者进行12导联心电图、心脏彩超、24 h动态心电图等检查,并分析Tpeak-Tend间期及（Tpeak-Tend）/QT。结果随访过程中,因ICD识别持续性室速或室颤而引发恰当放电的患者共11例,由ICD发现非持续性室速而不需治疗的患者共7例,故高危组患者共18例。从未发生室速或室颤者共50例为低危组。高危组患者的（Tp-e）105±15 ms明显高于低危组90±17 ms（P=0.003）;（Tpeak-Tend）/QT比值在高危组与低危早组相比有明显的统计学差异（0.27±0.04 vs 0.22±0.05,P=0.002）. TpTe/QT≥0.255预测ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常风险的敏感性和特异性分别为72.2%和65.9%;TpTe≥103 ms预测ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常风险的敏感性和特异性分别为66.7%和67.9%。结论 Tp-e间期、Tp-e/QT比值与ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常的关系密切,Tpeak-Tend间期及Tp-e/QT比值越大,ICD一级预防患者发生恶性室性心律失常如室速、室颤的可能性越大。     

19例尖端扭转型室性心动过速的临床分析

目的 探讨院内获得性尖端扭转型室性心动过速(Tdp)的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2009-2014年首都医科大学良乡教学医院心内科监护病房(CCU)明确诊断为院内获得性Tdp患者(19例)的临床资料,收集年龄、性别、基础疾病、家族史等,治疗过程中应用的药物、生化、心电图变化,发生Tdp后治疗方法及效果.结果 1例因服红霉素过量引起,3例冠心病并心绞痛,3例急性心肌梗死急性期,12例为心功能不全.4例应用抗菌药物,5例应用胺碘酮,12例应用利尿剂.所有病例心电图示QT间期延长,低血钾10例,低血镁7例.所有患者均给予补镁补钾,必要时电复律,9例给予临时起搏器提高心室率,10例仅药物治疗;与治疗前比较,治疗后血钾[(3.4±0.4) mmol/L vs.(4.7±0.3)mmol/L,P＜ 0.001]及血镁明显提高[(0.8±0.1)mmol/L vs.(1.1±0.1) mmol/L,P＜ 0.001],QT间期[(504.1±19.0)ms vs.(450.0±21.0)ms,P＜ 0.001]及按心率校正的QT间期(QTc)明显缩短[(512.9±12.9)ms vs.(477.1±11.5)ms,P＜0.001].临时起搏器组室速发作、电复律次数低于单纯药物组.18例痊愈,1例死亡.结论 院内获得性Tdp是住院患者发生猝死的重要原因,但及时发现可以治愈,对于有器质性心脏病患者安装临时起搏器效果较好.