Peritoneal dialysis patient survival: a comparison between a Swedish and a Korean centre.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patient mortality remains high, and this high mortality may be due to many factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, old age, co-morbid diseases, malnutrition, low residual renal function (RRF) and a high peritoneal transport rate have been shown to influence survival, but the relative importance of these factors may differ between different patient populations. Besides, centre practice patterns may differ between centres and may influence patient survival. In addition, the literature suggests that dialysis patient survival may be better in Asian than in Caucasian patients. METHODS: The influence of centre and patient characteristics on patient survival was investigated in 132 Korean and 106 Swedish incident PD patients, who underwent initial biochemical measurements and assessment of adequacy of dialysis, nutritional status, RRF and peritoneal transport characteristics. RESULTS: At the start of PD, Korean patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, peritoneal Kt/V(urea), peritoneal creatinine clearance and peritoneal fluid removal, and lower body mass index, RRF and dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P Cr) compared with Swedish patients. Significantly more patients from Korea were placed on temporary haemodialysis before PD (100 out of 132) when compared with Swedish patients (21 out of 106). During the follow-up, there was a significantly higher rate of transfer to other units in Korea and a significantly higher rate of kidney transplantation in Sweden. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall patient survival did not differ and relative risk for death was also not different between the two centres even after adjustment for age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, RRF and D/P Cr. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, RRF and D/P Cr were found to be independent predictors of mortality in the combined cohort of patients. While age, diabetes and D/P Cr were independent predictors of mortality in Korean patients, age and RRF independently predicted mortality in Swedish patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in centre and patient characteristics, we were unable to confirm a survival advantage for Korean over Swedish PD patients. The results of this study suggest that the reported difference in survival between Asian and Caucasian dialysis patients may have been due, in part, to differences in centre and patient characteristics rather than to race as such. The genetic influence on patient characteristics remains, however, to be elucidated.     

三氧化二砷对CO2气腹下小鼠肿瘤腹壁戳口种植影响的实验研究

目的 研究腹腔内注射三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)对小鼠CO2气腹下肝癌H22转移的影响. 方法 昆明鼠40只(清洁级),中腹部穿刺置入1 mm套管针,自套管针注入1×106肿瘤细胞后,建立CO2气腹,压力8 mm Hg,时间30 min.术后随机分4组,每组10只,分别腹腔内注入生理盐水,1 ml;As2O3(2 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4mg/kg)+肝素(10 U/ml),共1 ml.气腹后第3、7天测量肿瘤黏附因子(CD44)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的变化;比较各组生存状态、腹围、体重变化及转移瘤直径.结果 气腹后第3、7天,与对照组相比,各As2O3组CD44、VEGF表达均明显降低(P＜0.05).2个高剂量组的气腹后第3天VEGF、第7天CD44比低剂量组降低明显(P＜0.05).4组戳口种植率分别为9/10、8/10、7/10、6/10,差异无显著性(x2=2.667,P=0.446). 结论 As2O3对CO2气腹腹腔镜肿瘤生长转移有抑制作用.     

社区人群痛风危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨社区人群(20岁以上)痛风的危险因素。方法 采用1：3病例对照研究方法，进行单因素与多因素与多因素logistic回归分析。结果 经单因素筛选和多因素分析，在P=0．05水平，高尿酸(OR=8．601)、肥胖(OR=2．910)、伴有高血压病史(OR=2．330)是痛风的独立危险因素。结论 痛风是一种在遗传基础上的与环境和生活方式有关的疾病，改变生活方式、控制相关疾病可能预防或减少高尿酸血症的发生，进而减少痛风的发生。     

Flavocoxid is as effective as naproxen for managing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in humans: a short-term randomized,double-blind pilot study

Flavocoxid (Limbrel), a proprietary mixture of flavonoid molecules (baicalin and catechin), was tested against a traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, for the management of the signs and symptoms of moderate osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. Discomfort and global disease activity were used as the primary end points, and safety assessments were also taken for both treatments as a secondary endpoint. In this double-blind study, 103 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either flavocoxid [500 mg twice daily (BID)] or naproxen (500 mg BID) in a 1-month onset of action trial. Outcome measures included the short Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, subject Visual Analogue Scale for discomfort and global response, and investigator Visual Analogue Scale for global response and fecal occult blood. Both flavocoxid and naproxen showed significant reduction in the signs and symptoms of knee OA (P ≤ .001). There were no statistically detectable differences between the flavocoxid and naproxen groups with respect to any of the outcome variables. Similarly, there were no statistically detectable differences between the groups with respect to any adverse event, although there was a trend toward a higher incidence of edema and nonspecific musculoskeletal discomfort in the naproxen group. In this short-term pilot study, flavocoxid was as effective as naproxen in controlling the signs and symptoms of OA of the knee and would present a safe and effective option for those individuals on traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. A low incidence of adverse events was reported for both groups.     

bFGF和硫糖铝局部应用促扩张术方法研究

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)不同剂量、用药方法对扩张组织的影响.方法以白色家猪为实验动物,采用持续恒压扩张技术,观察不同剂量和不同给药时间,bFGF和硫糖铝对扩张组织的影响及组织结构变化.结果扩张术同时每日2次局部应用bFGF 9AU/cm2 硫糖铝100μg/ml,共7 d,浸于明胶海绵上缓慢持续释放对扩张组织的影响最明显,效果最佳,扩张器内实际注液量、扩张所获得的皮肤净增面积明显增加,皮瓣回缩率降低.表皮细胞层数增多,胶原纤维、弹力纤维、成纤维细胞密度和毛细血管密度显著增高.药量增加效果未随之增加.结论持续恒压扩张术时合用bF-GF 9AU/cm2 硫糖铝100μg/ml,每日2次注药浸入明胶海绵持续缓慢释放效果最佳.     

氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型肺的保护作用

①目的　探讨氨溴索对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)大鼠模型肺内表达与分布的影响以及肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞超微结构的影响。②方法　实验大鼠随机分为 3组 :健康对照组 (n =8) ,COPD模型组 (n =1 2 ) ,氨溴索干预组 (n =1 2 )。采用熏吸香烟并气管内注入脂多糖法建立大鼠COPD模型 ,氨溴索干预组于COPD模型开始建立时腹腔注射氨溴索溶液 4 0mg/ (kg·d) ,连续 4 0d。观察各组气道炎症的病理特点、超微结构特点、血气指标、肺泡平均内衬间隔、平均肺泡数。应用原位杂交法检测TNF α基因表达的相对含量。③结果　所建COPD模型的病理以及病理生理学改变符合人类COPD的特点。氨溴索干预组肺泡平均内衬间隔、平均肺泡数、TNF α表达强度与健康对照组、COPD模型组比较差异有显著性 (F =3.2 4～ 1 1 .1 1 ,q =4 .74～ 36 .2 2 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;动脉血氧分压、二氧化碳分压差异亦有显著性 (F =3.30、8.79,q =3.5 0～ 8.6 9,P <0 .0 5 )。 ④结论　长期应用氨溴索对COPD大鼠模型气道炎症有明显的抑制作用     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在实验性硬脑膜重建中的应用

[目的] 探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子( bFGF)在实验性自体筋膜硬脑膜重建中的应用价值.[方法]取 SD大鼠 35只,分成 5组.其中 A组 3只,直接将背部筋膜覆盖在硬膜外, B组 5只,采用自体筋膜硬脑膜重建模型,通过免疫组织化学方法观察这两组大鼠自体筋膜硬脑膜移植的愈合过程及细胞因子 bFGF在其中的表达; C组、 D组、 E组各 9只,分别进行自体筋膜硬脑膜重建, D组加用外源性 bFGF, E组仅用明胶海绵,通过脑脊液漏研究、免疫组织化学方法研究外源性 bFGF对自体筋膜重建硬脑膜愈合过程的影响并用 RT- PCR方法研究内源性 bFGF mRNA的表达情况.[结果] 大鼠自体筋膜移植硬脑膜部位 bFGF表达明显; C、 D、 E组大鼠重建硬脑膜抵抗脑脊液漏压力值( mmH2O)分别为 311± 75, 497± 153, 338± 88,Ⅰ型胶原纤维表达值分别为 4.9± 0.8, 10.9± 1.6, 5.3± 0.9, D组均好于对照组( P< 0.05);内源性 bFGF mRNA的表达没有明显变化.[结论] 在自体筋膜移植硬脑膜的愈合过程中 bFGF可能起了重要的作用;外源性 bFGF处理的大鼠其移植筋膜愈合要好于对照组.     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1与妊高征的关系

目的：探讨胰岛素样生长因子 I(IGF-Ⅰ)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 1(IGFBP—1)与妊高征(PIH)的关系。方法：采用免疫放射法测定50例妊高征孕妇(PIH组)和108例正常孕妇(对照组)的血清 IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-1水平，并对其结果进行相关性分析。结果：①妊高征孕妇血清 IGF-Ⅰ水平低于正常孕妇(P<0.05)，且重度妊高征孕妇血清 IGF-Ⅰ水平低于中度和轻度孕妇(P＜0.05，P＜0.01)。②妊高征孕妇血清 IGFBP-1水平高于正常孕妇(P＜0.05)，且重度妊高征孕妇血清 IGFBP-1水平高于中度和轻度孕妇(P＜0.05，P＜0.01)。③两组孕妇血清 IGF-Ⅰ水平与血清 IGFBP-1水平呈负相关(r=-0.386，P＜0.05)。④妊高征孕妇血清 IGF-Ⅰ水平与舒张压呈负相关(r=-0.386，P＜0.05)，血清 IGFBP-1水平与舒张压呈正相关(r=0.632，P＜0.01)。结论：妊高征孕妇血清 IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-1水平的高低可反映妊高征的严重程度。     

丹参与雷公藤多甙联合治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎的实验研究

目的　探讨丹参与雷公藤多甙联合应用对急性坏死性胰腺炎 (acutenecrotizingpancreatitis,ANP)的治疗作用。 方法　采用单次过量 2 0 %L 精氨酸 (10 0 0mg/ 10 0g大鼠体重 )皮下注射建立ANP动物模型。测定血清淀粉酶、TNF α、IL 1β水平 ,并观察胰腺组织的病理变化。根据血清淀粉酶、TNF α、IL 1β水平及胰腺组织的变化来评价胰腺炎的严重程度。 结果　大鼠皮下注射过量L 精氨酸后 ,血清淀粉酶、TNF α、IL 1β水平升高 ,胰腺变性坏死。丹参与雷公藤多甙联合治疗ANP ,可显著降低血清淀粉酶、抑制炎症细胞因子的过度生成 ,组织受损程度明显减轻。结论　丹参与雷公藤多甙联合应用对ANP动物模型具有很好治疗效果 ,可能具有临床应用价值     

转移因子口服液佐治小儿单纯性肾病综合征临床研究

目的：观察转移因子口服液佐治小儿单纯性肾病综合征的疗效。方法：将75例诊断为单纯性肾病综合征的患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组主要采用泼尼松口服治疗,治疗组另加用转移因子口服液治疗。观察两组的感染率、复发率及治疗前后血IgG、IgA水平。结果：治疗组的感染率和复发率明显较低;治疗后血IgG、IgA水平明显提高,与对照组比较差异明显（P〈0.01）。结论：转移因子口服液佐治小儿单纯性肾病综合征可以降低患者的感染率和复发率,提高血IgG和IgA水平,是治疗肾病综合征的有效方法之一。