Sex Chromosomal Analysis of Fifty Cases with Azoospermia

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Race and Sex Differences in Health Locus of Control Beliefs and Cardiovascular Reactivity

Examined the effects of race, sex, health locus of control (HLC),and the interactions of these variables on cardiovascular reactivityin 214 children. Participants completed the MultidimensionalHLC scales for children. Systolic and diastolic blood pressureswere measured at rest and during a reactivity task. Black boyshad significantly higher scores on the powerful others (externalHLC) subscale (p < 0.01) than white boys and girls. Furthermore,black boys showed greater systolic blood pressure reactivitywhen they were low on internality (vs. high) as compared tothe other race-sex groups. Social and cultural factors may explainthese differential findings across race and sex.     

性腺切除及急性饥饿对大鼠垂体-甲状腺功能的影响

本实验采用性腺摘除或经假摘除手术的两性SD大鼠,其中部分动物分别予以睾酮(T)或雌二醇(E_2),观察它们在急性饥饿或非饥饿状态下血清T_4、TSH与T浓度变化。结果提示急性饥饿可使雄鼠甲状腺合成或分泌T_4和性腺分泌睾酮减少,从而不完全地抑制了雄激素所介导的对垂体TSH分泌的兴奋作用。外源性T替代虽然可以使去势雄鼠血清T浓度恢复正常,但却无兴奋TSH分泌的作用;饥饿组去势雄鼠接受外源性T后血清TSH更为减少。提示外源性T可抑制此组雄鼠垂体TSH合成及(或)释放。     

胎儿性别鉴定技术应用中的伦理道德问题

本文从不健康的胚胎是否应保留，遗传病患者的生育控制应用胎儿性别鉴定技术的目的，医务人员应用该技术中的个人品德和社会伦理问题等方面进行了论述，指出该技术只能应用于检出性链锁遗传病等有利于优生优育，提高人口素质方面，要对该技术进行适当的控制，坚决反对用它为封建伦理道德服务。     

Working with sex offenders with intellectual disability: evaluation of an introductory workshop for direct care staff

Background Sexual aggression by men with intellectual disability (ID) is a serious problem requiring attention from the relevant agencies. Training for staff working with this problem is often not given sufficient attention and is rarely evaluated. In the present study, an introductory workshop for direct care staff that aimed to increase knowledge and improve attitudes towards work with this client group was evaluated. Method Sixty‐six staff working in inpatient and community settings completed a 2.5‐day workshop. Before training began, the participants completed a survey questionnaire concerning their experiences of work with this client group. An assessment of their knowledge and attitudes was carried out prior to and at the end of training in order to evaluate any changes. The participants also rated the effectiveness of the workshop and their level of satisfaction with the training at the end of the workshop. Results The participant s’ knowledge and attitudes improved significantly following the workshop. Staff with greater experience over time and those who had worked with fewer sex offender clients responded to different aspects of the training. The participants’ ratings indicated that they were highly satisfied with the training and found it to be effective. Conclusions Brief workshop training is acceptable to and can be effective in improving the knowledge, attitudes and confidence of direct care staff working with sex offenders with ID. However, because the results are based on participant self‐report, caution should be exercised concerning their external validity.     

Divorce and sex

Studies on the sex lives of the divorced are relatively few and somewhat dated. Although they give a rather optimistic view of the subject, this research is flawed by high respondent refusal rates and poor representativeness of samples. Further, a major gap in this literature is that the possible predictors of sexual activity of the divorced remain largely unexplored. The present study, using national data on 340 divorced people, indicates a much lower level of sexual activity than found in past research. Regression analyses find that both number of partners and sex frequency are related to religiosity, education, and political liberality. Future research can explore the impact of low sexual activity among the divorced on indicators of emotional well-being.The Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research provided the datatape containing the data used in this paper.     

大学生情感心理与性心理健康课程教育成效分析

目的：探索大学生心理素质课程教育的可行性、有效性，以促进大学生作为心理素质重要内涵的情感心理与性心理健康水平的提高。方法：应用认知学习、行为主义、人本主义等心理教育与辅导的原理，采用知识讲授、行为指导、情景扮演、互助讨论、自我发现与完善等启发指导性、互动性、情景式的综合教学方法开展课程教育。结果：大学生对课程教育的内容、形式及时间安排持积极肯定性评价者分别为90．5％、65．0％及83．4％，认为总体效果很满意、较满意者达92．8％。认为自己在情感心理与性健康知识学习方面发生中等以上变化者达80．9％以上，同时认为在情感与恋爱情感心理的内涵、问题处理与把握能力、方法的学习方面发生变化者达66．7％以上(仅1项为38．1％)。对自我和社会的性伦理道德建设持积极态度者达52．3％以上。结论：课程教育是开展心理素质教育的有效途径，有助于促进大学生情感心理与性心理健康发展。启发指导性、互动性、情景式的综合教育方法适合于大学生。     

荧光定量PCR检测女性商业性性工作者性传播感染

目的：了解女性商业性性工作者(FSWs)沙眼衣原体(Ct)、淋球菌(NG)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)及人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)等常见性传播感染(STI)的患病情况。方法：选取深圳市收容教育所2002年11～12月因卖淫而收容教育的130例FSWs作为研究对象，采用荧光定量PCR(FQ—PCR)检测宫颈分泌物Ct、NG、HSV及HPV感染。结果：FQ—PCR检测130例FSWs宫颈分泌物的Ct阳性检出率为32．3％、NG阳性检出率为16．2％、HSV为5．4％、HPV6／11、HPV16和HPV18分别为7．7％、23．8％和12．3％。STI总的阳性检出率为60．8％，混合感染率为25．4％。结论：女性商业性性工作者的STI患病率高，应引起足够重视。     

Stress as a diagnostic challenge for psychiatric disorders

At the Stress Clinic we are investigating nine areas in which stress factors may play an important part: social habits, social relationships, life events, psychiatric, sexual, sleep, geriatric, menstrual and stress and the heart. The degree of stress in each area is quantified and a stress profile constructed for each patient. Thus, the relationships between the different stresses can be assessed and appropriate treatment advised. Inter-rater reliability in assessing the different items comprising the stress profile has shown a high degree of correlation for all items (P<O.Ol). On analysis of the records of the first 45 patients, the commonest principal diagnosis was depression (47 per cent), followed by anxiety (27 per cent), whilst in 17 per cent the main stress was insomnia and in three patients an organic illness (7 per cent) was the cause of the stress problems. The stress profile is also used to assess improvement and analysis of the first 18 cases demonstrated a significant reduction in many stress areas which was coincident with response to treatment.     

A study in male and female 5-HT transporter knockout rats: An animal model for anxiety and depression disorders

Human studies have shown that a reduction of 5-HT transporter (SERT) increases the vulnerability for anxiety and depression. Moreover, women are more vulnerable to develop depression and anxiety disorders than men. For that reason we hypothesized that homozygous 5-HT transporter knockout rat (SERT^−/−) models, especially female, are valuable and reliable animal models for humans with an increased vulnerability for anxiety- and depression-related disorders. As rats are extensively used in neuroscience research, we used the unique 5-HT transporter knockout rat, that was recently generated using N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU) -driven mutagenesis, to test this hypothesis. Behavioral testing revealed that male and female SERT^−/− rats spent less time in the center of the open field and spent less time on the open arm of the elevated plus maze compared with wild-type 5-HT transporter knockout rats (SERT^+/+). In the novelty suppressed feeding test, only male SERT^−/− rats showed a higher latency before starting to eat in a bright novel arena compared with SERT^+/+ controls. Both male and female SERT^−/− rats showed a higher escape latency from their home cage than SERT^+/+ littermates. Moreover, SERT^−/− rats were less mobile in the forced swim test, and sucrose consumption was reduced in SERT^−/− rats relative to SERT^+/+ rats. Both effects were sex-independent. Neurochemically, basal extracellular 5-HT levels were elevated to a similar extent in male and female SERT^−/− rats, which was not influenced by the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor citalopram. 5-HT immunostaining revealed no difference between SERT^+/+ and SERT^−/− rats in the dorsal raphe nuclei, in both males and females. These findings demonstrate that SERT^−/− rats show anxiety and depression-related behavior, independent of sex. Genetic inactivation of the SERT has apparently such a great impact on behavior, that hardly any differences are found between male and female rats. This knockout rat model may provide a valuable model to study anxiety- and depression-related disorders in male and female rats.