暗娼人群生存状况的定性调查

目的 了解暗娼人群的生存状况，为实施有效的性病艾滋病干预措施提供依据。方法采用小组访谈和个人深入访谈相结合，逐步深入的社会学调查方法，在四川和云南省的6个地区分别抽取90名和91名暗娼进行小组访谈，抽取135和156名暗娼进行个人深入访谈。结果 暗娼年龄多在18～30岁之间，以初中化为主，多数未婚，来自外地；暗娼人群社会经济地位普遍较低，最关心和最常谈论的话题是如何挣钱，如何穿着打扮及玩耍等；暗娼之间很少有交流待客经验和交流使用安全套经验及防病知识的情况；性行为的主要方式是阴道交，很少有人每次性行为都坚持使用安全套，暗娼对性病艾滋病的预防方法还存在错误认识；暗娼中存在吸毒行为，其中多数(4／5)与他人共用注射器吸毒的行为。结论 在性病艾滋病健康教育工作中，应把化较低的外来打工妹和无业闲杂人员作为干预重点；在向暗娼人群灌输正确性病艾滋病预防知识的同时，应纠正她们的错误认识。     

Sexual and aggressive motives in sexually aggressive college males

The relative contributions to sexual aggression of general sexual and aggressive motives and their respective inhibitory factors were compared. One hundred forty-three university males responded to self-report measures of sexual and aggressive drives, sex and hostility guilt, social desirability response bias, and history of coercive sexuality. With the effects of social desirability controlled, the only predictor of sexual aggression was Sex Guilt, which predicted level of force used but not intimacy of the sexual act obtained.     

女子篮球运动员运动能力与月经周期中性激素水平关系的研究

本研究通过监测１８名女子篮球运动员月经周期不同时相中进行大强度（５０分钟ＨＲ１８０～２００次／分）及中等强度（２小时ＨＲ１２０～１６０次／分）训练课后雌二醇（Ｅ２），孕酮（Ｐ），睾酮（Ｔ）及促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ），黄体生成素（ＬＨ）水平的变化，探讨运动能力与性激素水平的关系。主要结果：大强度专项训练课后受试者血清Ｅ２，Ｐ水平在卵泡，黄体及月经期均明显升高；Ｔ表现为卵泡，黄体期升高，而月经期下降；ＦＳＨ仅在卵泡期升高；ＬＨ则在各期均未见显著改变。中等强度专项训练课后，Ｅ２，Ｐ，Ｔ及ＦＳＨ在各时相均明显升高，ＬＨ无明显变化。课后２４小时各种激素水平基本恢复至课前状态。结果提示：运动中女性激素的升高是机体对运动刺激出现的的一种自我保护性反应。女篮运动员机体运动能力与月经周期不同时相运动中性激素水平的变化密切相关。     

SIMILARITY OF BLOOD PRESSURE FOR EACH GENOTYPE OF THE INSERTION/DELETION POLYMORPHISM OF THE DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-1 GENE IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE, FAMILIAL ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

1. The association of alleles of an insertion/deletion polymorphism (I/D) of the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase-1 gene with hypertension is controversial. If a particular allele makes a major contribution to blood pressure, then hypertensives homozygous for this allele could be expected to have higher high blood pressure than those homozygous for the alternate allele. 2. The present study examined this hypothesis by comparing pretreatment blood pressures of hypertensives who had been genotyped for the I/D polymorphism. Blood pressures for different age groups (< 50, 50–59 and ≥60 years) were also examined for each genotype. In addition, several other parameters were examined. 3. Systolic blood pressures were found to be 167 ± 3, 167 ± 3 and 170 ± 6 mmHg (mean ± s.e.) for the genotypes II, ID and DD, respectively. Diastolic blood pressures were 113 ± 4, 111 ± 2 and 111 ± 4, for the respective genotypes. One-way anova showed that the respective blood pressure values did not differ significantly across genotypes. Blood pressures for different age groups of hypertensives were also similar. 4. In addition, body mass index, mean age and sex did not differ between genotypes, either for the group as a whole or for the different age groups. 5. In conclusion, the present study could find no evidence to support a genetic association between the I/D polymorphism of DCP1 and blood pressure in a group with severe, familial hypertension living in Sydney.     

性别对Behçet病的影响

我们对患Behçet病的18例男性患者和10例女性患者的临床资料进行了分析，发现男性患者的葡萄膜炎复发频率高，易发生严重的视网膜血管炎，对治疗的反应及视力预后均较差。性别对Behçet病的影响可能与性激素有关。 （中华眼底病杂志，1994，10：143-145）     

Diaper dermatitis: a study of contributing factors

A 44-week clinical study was carried out on a large sample of the Italian infant population to measure the incidence of diaper (napkin) dermatitis and to identify the factors related to the development of diaper dermatitis. Factors such as age, sex, the presence of atopic dermatitis, the general state of health of the child, the use of drugs and the type of diaper used were recorded. At the end of the test, 2169 clinical dermatological examinations were performed. The frequency of episodes of diaper dermatitis was 15.2%. Statistical correlations between diaper dermatitis and age, presence of atopic dermatitis, and health conditions were found.     

儿童狼疮性肾炎的性别和临床免疫学特征

目的探讨儿童狼疮性肾炎的性别、临床和免疫学特征。方法将71例女性，6例男性红斑狼疮患者的临床、血清免疫学指标和肾脏损害进行比较。结果女性红斑狼疮患者关节炎、白细胞减少比男性常见，而男性盘状红斑较常见，且肾损害比女性严重。结论红斑狼疮临床表现、血清免疫学特征及发病率与性别有关，但男性狼疮性肾炎预后可能较差。     

180例性分化异常患者的临床和细胞遗传学分析

筛选性分化异常患者180例行细胞遗传学检查。结果检出：性腺发育不全64例；性染色体异常55例（检出率31％）。其中表型与核型不一致24例，包括睾丸女性化17例，性反转综合征7例；男性性染色体数目异常31例，包括先天性小睾丸征30例，XYY综合征1例；女性假两性畸形28例，尿道下裂22例，包括男性19例，女性3例。文章就各类型性分化异常的临床特征，性腺功能及细胞遗传学进行了讨论。     

Staff's Experiences with Patients' Assaults in a Norwegian Psychiatric University Hospital

This pilot study addressed the problem of patients' assaults on staff at a Norwegian psychiatric university hospital. The questionnaire-based study had a retrospective design, and involved a random sample of staff (n = 85). It revealed that 100% of the nursing staff and 60.9% of the therapists (doctors, psychologists, and social workers) had been physically assaulted by patients at least once during their careers at the hospital. Most of the assaults did not result in sick leave, and could as such be classified as not serious. There were no significant differences in the number of assaults on male and female staff or between staff in the emergency, intermediary, rehabilitation and psycho-geriatric wards. The staff responded that they believed male patients were more violent and threatening than female patients, although a majority had been assaulted more frequently by female than by male patients. Assault was the reason most frequently given for physically restraining patients, and most of the staff did not believe that physically restraining patients reduced their chances of recovery. The study suggests that patients' assaults on staff in Norwegian psychiatric hospitals is an important problem, which needs further attention.     

The feminization of the medical profession in Israel

Two factors have caused major changes in the gender composition of the Israeli medical profession in recent years: (i) a wave of immigration from the former USSR, which increased the doctor population by approximately 70% and which included a majority of women physicians, and (ii) the entry of more Israeli women into medical school. This report presents the current gender status of the Israeli medical profession, regarding students and physicians, and the choice of medical specialty and academic seniority, and compares gender differences in Israel with those in other countries.
Traditional patterns of specialization persist in Israel, with women still concentrated in primary care (family medicine, paediatrics and psychiatry). In addition, women still face obstacles in entering the more prestigious (mainly surgical) specialties. Whilst the number of women in academic medicine has increased over the last decade, women are still concentrated in the lowest echelons of academic medicine. However, the steady trend towards the feminization of medicine will inevitably lead to an increase of women in all areas of the medical profession. Because cross-cultural studies have repeatedly revealed that women doctors have a more humanistic and personalized approach to patient care, a higher ratio of women in the profession should have a qualitative effect in this direction, despite the bureaucratic and fiscal constraints incumbent upon practising doctors. As more women become role models for medical students, their approach will influence the education of the doctors of the future.