丙泊酚对中枢神经系统突触后膜受体反应性的影响及机制

丙泊酚虽已广泛应用于临床,但其作用机制迄今尚未阐明.综述了丙泊酚对中枢神经系统突触后膜各类受体反应性的影响及其机制.     

无痛内镜与普通内镜检查临床对比研究

目的:评价在麻醉下实施内镜检查的效果及安全性。方法:选择行胃镜和结肠镜检查的患者各60例,分为3组,分别应用丙泊酚、丙泊酚联合芬太尼静脉麻醉(观察组)及常规操作(对照组)检查,对检查过程中患者血压、心率、血氧饱和度及检查成功率、检查反应进行观察分析。结果:与对照组比较,各观察组中患者收缩压、心率在检查中均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血氧饱和度无明显变化。对照组患者在检查中收缩压、心率均较检查前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组在检查后愿意再次接受检查者明显增多。结论:应用麻醉方法行内镜检查是安全、舒适、有效和无痛苦的。     

异丙酚联合米索前列醇在人工流产术中应用研究

目的:探讨早孕妇女应用异丙酚行无痛人工流产术前阴道放置米索前列醇效果。方法:选择自愿行无痛人工流产术的早孕妇女240例随机分3组,于人工流产术前不同时间阴道放置米索前列醇(200μg)两组和对照组(未用米索前列醇),观察术中扩宫的难易程度、手术时间、术中出血量及手术并发症。结果:阴道放置米索前列醇组术中无阻力扩宫的例数均明显多于未放置米索前列醇组(P<0.01),手术时间亦明显缩短(P<0.01),术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),麻醉药用量亦减少(P<0.01),术中反应少(P<0.01)。术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇组较术前3～4小时放药组术前腹痛率及阴道出血率均明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇200μg可起到扩张宫颈,提高手术质量,减少手术并发症效果。     

Nouvelles avancées en AIVOC pédiatrique au propofol

For several years, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) has demonstrated many advantages that allow considering propofol anaesthesia as an interesting alternative in pediatric anaesthesia. TCI in children requires calculation and validation of pharmacokinetic (PK) models specifically adapted to the paediatric population. Several PK models based on a 3-compartement approach have been proposed in children: all these models, which integrate only weight as covariable, show increased distribution volumes with a wide interindividual variability. The particular importance to include physiological covariables, as age and lean body mass, to describe metabolic processes during growth and maturation in pediatric PKPD models is in agreement with recent allometric scaling works in children. However, as pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters are still debated in children, there is up to now, no PKPD model currently available for paediatric anaesthesia. Schnider et al.’s model, a model described in adults that includes numerous covariables, may be adapted and more efficient than the classical paediatric models to describe propofol-PKPD relationship in children over 5 years. Whatever the model, a pharmacodynamic feedback such as the bispectral index may be useful to counteract interindividual variability in the paediatric population.     

丙泊酚合用氯胺酮在小儿腹部以下手术麻醉中的疗效观察

目的探讨丙泊酚单独使用及与氯胺酮合用在小儿椎管内麻醉中的疗效。方法选取我科40名腹部以下手术的患儿,随机分为两组(Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组),分别以单独使用丙泊酚及联合氯胺酮给药的方式,记录术中生命体征及不良事件情况。术后记录恶心、呕吐等不适及疼痛评分。结果两组术中均无呼吸暂停等严重事件发生,手术开始及手术开始后各时段Ⅰ组的生命体征均有显著差异(P<0.05),Ⅱ组手术开始时的收缩压与手术前有显著差异(P<0.05)。两组术后恢复时间与不适发生无显著差异(P>0.05),Ⅱ组术后镇痛效果优于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚合用氯胺酮能够提供更平稳的镇静效果,减轻不良反应的发生,同时不影响苏醒时间,术后不良反应及疼痛发生率较低,是一种理想的小儿椎管内麻醉方法。     

Propofol hemisuccinate suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Propofol hemisuccinate is a prodrug water soluble form of the lipophilic, phenolic compound propofol (2,6-di-isopropylphenol), that is the active ingredient in the widely used anesthetic agent Diprovan. Propofol binds to GABA_A receptors but also has a phenolic structure that confers antioxidant properties to the molecule. The effects of propofol hemisuccinate in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were studied using different doses and time regimes. Propofol hemisuccinate, 100 mg/kg given three times a day from day 7 or day 12 until day 16 after disease initiation, significantly reduced maximal EAE score. Histology studies supported the clinical findings demonstrating reduction in the inflammatory response in the lumbar spinal cord in animals treated with propofol hemisuccinate. Decreased levels of nitrotyrosine and unchanged levels of induced nitric oxide synthase suggest propofol hemisuccinate crossed the blood brain barrier and exerted its effects by lowering reactive oxygen species levels. The results suggest that propofol hemisuccinate may provide an alternative mode of treatment for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.     

小儿外科手术中行丙泊酚靶控加单次硬膜的效果探究

目的探究在小儿外科手术中行丙泊酚靶控加单次硬膜的效果。方法选取2012年9月-2014年1月来本院接受手术治疗的80例患儿作为研究对象，随机等分为研究组和对照组，分别为单次硬膜外加丙泊酚靶控和氯胺酮麻醉，比较不同时间段的两组患者血压、心率及血氧饱和度及肢体乱动、肌松程度等指标。结果对照组开始手术和结束手术时的血压、心率与进手术时前相比均显著升高（P〈0．05），而研究组的血压则无明显变化，但同时刻比较对照组则较低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；研究组心率在开始手术和结束手术时与进手术时前相比明显降低（P〈0．05），与对照组同时点相比也降低不少（P〈0．05）；研究组肢动较少，苏醒时间缩短，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在小儿外科手术中行丙泊酚靶控加单次硬膜对小儿呼吸、循环影响不大，并且有效果好、苏醒快、安全的特点。     

靶控输注不同浓度舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚在乳腺良性肿块切除术中的麻醉效果分析

目的观察不同浓度舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚在乳腺良性肿块切除术中的麻醉效果。方法选择2011年12月至2013年12月解放军第91中心医院收治的择期行乳腺良性肿块切除术患者205例,按照随机数字表法分为A组70例、B组69例、C组66例。麻醉诱导时分别调节三组患者血浆靶浓度为0.3、0.5及0.8μg/kg,比较三组患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、气管插管时(T2)、手术切皮时(T3)、切皮后5 min(T4)及术毕(T5)6个时间段心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)的水平变化。同时记录三组患者呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间及不良反应情况。结果麻醉诱导后三组患者HR及MAP水平均较诱导前显著下降;A组患者在手术切皮时HR及MAP水平高于麻醉诱导后,B组患者HR及MAP水平T2^T5时间段处在相对较高水平,C组患者T1及T2T5时间段处在相对较高水平,C组患者T1及T2^T4时间段HR和MAP水平均处在较低水平且比较稳定,三组不同时点间HR、MAP的水平变化比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患者呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间及不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用丙泊酚联合较高浓度(0.8μg/kg)舒芬太尼可以使麻醉效果更加有效,且保证患者手术期间的血流动力稳定性,同时不会加重不良反应。     

异丙酚持续静脉泵入麻醉对接受微波消融治疗的原发性肝癌患者血管内皮糖萼和脑代谢的影响

目的 探讨应用丙泊酚持续静脉泵注麻醉对接受手术治疗的原发性肝癌(PLC)患者血管内皮糖萼和脑代谢的影响。方法 2017年8月～2020年7月在我院行微波消融术治疗的PLC患者78例,其中一半患者接受异丙酚麻醉,另一半接受地佐辛麻醉。在术前(T0)、术后1 d(T1)和术后7 d(T2),行血气分析,计算脑氧摄取率(CEO₂),采用ELISA法检测硫酸乙酰肝素酶(HS)和多配体蛋白聚糖-1。结果 异丙酚麻醉组诱导时间和苏醒时间分别为(40.3±3.2) s和(6.5±0.8)min,显著短于地佐辛麻醉组【分别为(52.0±3.1) s和(9.8±1.1) min, P<0.05】;在T1和T2,异丙酚麻醉组HS分别为(17.3±2.1)pg/ml和(8.2±0.4)pg/ml,显著低于地佐辛麻醉组【分别为(37.2±5.6)pg/ml和(16.0±2.5)pg/ml,P<0.05】,血清多配体蛋白聚糖-1水平分别为(8.2±0.1)pg/ml和(3.8±0.1)pg/ml, 显著低于地佐辛麻醉组【分别为(11.7±1.4)pg/ml和(5.9±0.2) pg/ml,P<0.05】,CEO₂分别为(28.0±2.4)%和(32.7±3.7)%,显著高于地佐辛麻醉组【分别为(25.0±3.1)%和(29.7±4.1)%,P<0.05】。结论 应用异丙酚持续静脉泵注麻醉在接受微波消融治疗的PLC患者能抑制血管内皮糖萼的激活,改善脑代谢,提高麻醉效果,减少并发症的发生。     

Influence of intravenous anesthetics on neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery

Limited reports are available in the literature on the impact of intravenous administration of anesthetics on laryngeal electromyographic (EMG) activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the two commonly used intravenous anesthetics (propofol and thiamylal) on EMG amplitude evoked from the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgery. A total of 40 patients were randomized to receive a bolus of propofol (0.5 mg/kg; n = 20) or thiamylal (1.5 mg/kg; n = 20) to increase anesthetic depth when the surgeon found patient movement intraoperatively. Evoked potentials were obtained before and every 1 minute after the administration of each agent for up to 5 minutes by stimulating the RLN. The magnitude of evoked potentials at each time point and hemodynamic response were compared within groups. The mean amplitude of evoked potentials did not change significantly after administration of either propofol or thiamylal (p > 0.05 within groups). Mean arterial pressure measured from 1 minute to 5 minutes was significantly lower in the propofol group than in the thiamylal group (p < 0.05). Heart rate measured within 5 minutes did not differ significantly within groups. Low dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg) or thiamylal (1.5 mg/kg) did not affect EMG readings during neuromonitoring of the RLN in thyroid surgery. Our results show that thiamylal provides better hemodynamic stability than propofol, and is therefore a preferable agent to increase anesthesia depth and prevent further patient movement during intraoperative neuromonitoring.