Comprehensive geriatric assessment in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation–rationale and design of the European CGA-TAVI registry

PurposeAortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular abnormality in the elderly population. For inoperable patients or those at high-risk for surgery, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an alternative therapeutic option. The aim of the “Comprehensive geriatric assessment for transcatheter aortic valve implantation” (CGA-TAVI) registry is to evaluate the effectiveness of TAVI from the perspective of the geriatrician and to identify patient characteristics and indicators related to complications and clinical benefits for patients with symptomatic severe calcified degenerative AS undergoing TAVI.Materials and methodsThe CGA-TAVI registry is an international, multi-center, prospective, observational registry across Europe with consecutive patient enrolment. The registry will enrol up to 200 patients with AS undergoing TAVI, starting August 2013. CGA-TAVI has two co-primary objectives: (1) Establish predictive value of Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for mortality and/or hospitalization in TAVI patients. (2) Demonstrate CGA changes within 3 months after TAVI. Secondary objectives are: (1) Establish predictive value of CGA in TAVI patients for all-cause hospitalization, TAVI-related hospitalization, and nursing home admission. (2) Develop a comprehensive score for the assessment of TAVI patient prognosis.ConclusionsThe data obtained from the CGA-TAVI registry will supplement previous results to document the potential value of the effectiveness of TAVI from the perspective of geriatricians and will allow the assessment of the predictive value of CGA for mortality and/or hospitalization in elderly TAVI patients.     

The Influence of In Vivo Metabolic Modifications on ADMET Properties of Green Tea Catechins–In Silico Analysis

The health effects of green tea are associated with catechins: (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), (?)-epigallocatechin, (?)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and (?)-epicatechin. An understanding of compound absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics is essential for explaining its biological activities. Herein, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of in vivo detected metabolites of green tea catechins (GTCs) have been analyzed in silico. The influence of metabolic transformations on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles of GTCs corresponds to the effects of size, charge, and lipophilicity, as already observed for other small molecules. Mutagenic, carcinogenic, or liver toxic effects were predicted only for a few metabolites. Similar to galloylated GTCs EGCG and (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, the sulfo-conjugates were predicted to bind at the warfarin binding site. The low free plasma concentration of these derivatives may be consequential to their serum albumin binding. The activity cliff detected for methylated conjugates of EGCG indicates that GTCs' pro-oxidative activity in bound state comes primarily from free hydroxyl groups of the pyrogallol ring B.     

Predictors of the conservative management outcomes in patients with lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus: A prospective study in Indonesia

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify the predictors of the conservative management outcomes in patients with lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).MethodsA prospective study was conducted between June 2010 and April 2012 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Clinical and baseline neurologic examinations such as passive straight leg raising test (SLRT), cross SLRT, and patellar and Achilles reflexes were assessed prior to the conservative management. The patients were evaluated at 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th week following commencement of the conservative management.ResultsWe recruited and followed 171 HNP patients of which 35.7% of them had good outcome. At univariate analysis, patients with more than 12 months duration of complaint, those with dominant radicular pain, severe pain intensity (visual analogue scale 7–10), positive SLRT, positive cross SLRT, and reduced motor power of knee extensors (muscle strength grade 1–4), were associated with poor outcome. Multivariate analysis suggested that patients with dominant radicular type of pain were likely to had poor outcome compared to those with dominant back pain (odd ratio (OR) 10.57 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–96.93). Patients with reduced motor power of knee extensors also had a higher chance to have poor outcome compared to those who were normal (OR: 10.57; 95% CI: 1.15–96.93).ConclusionType of pain and the strength of lower extremities could be able to predict the failure of conservative management in patients with lumbar disc herniation. However, further studies with the bigger sample size are warrant to validate our results.     

Japanese and Non-Japanese Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: A Five-Year Risk Analysis of Stroke and Vascular Events

Aims: We have previously reported 5-year follow-up data on the TIAregistry.org, an international prospective cohort in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. We conducted a Japanese subgroup analysis because outcomes and predictors might differ according to ethnicities and regions. In this study, we compared the baseline and 5-year follow-up data of Japanese and non-Japanese patients with TIA or minor stroke. Methods: Patients with TIA or minor ischemic stroke within 7 days after the onset were classified into two groups based on ethnicity, Japanese ( n =345) and non-Japanese ( n =3502); further, 5-year event rates were compared between the two groups. We also determined predictors of 5-year stroke for both groups. Results: Vascular death and death from any cause were identified to be less prevalent, unlike stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, which was determined to be more prevalent in Japanese than in non-Japanese patients. Five-year rate of stroke was significantly higher in Japanese patients. Cumulative stroke and major cardiovascular event rates did not decline but instead linearly increased from 1 to 5 years in both groups. Baseline risk factors for 5-year stroke were as follows: age, diabetes, history of stroke or TIA, and congestive heart failure in Japanese patients. Independent predictors of 5-year stroke were large artery atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and age in Japanese patients. Conclusions: Recurrent stroke and intracranial hemorrhage were determined to be more prevalent at 5 years after TIA or minor stroke in Japanese patients than in non-Japanese patients. Strategies to mitigate the long-term risks of stroke, aside from adherence to current guidelines, should take Japanese-patient-specific residual risks into account.     

Cardiovascular disease prediction model for Indonesian adult population with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus: The Bogor Cohort study of Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors

Background and aimsThis study aims to develop a predictive model of cardiovascular events in dysglycemia among the Indonesian adult population.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study conducted on subjects over 25 years in the “The Bogor Cohort Study of Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors” from 2011 to 2018. Data associated with age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, cholesterol, smoking habits, family history of cardiovascular disease, and physical activity were obtained. Cardiovascular events in six years were observed; this included coronary heart disease, stroke, or all-cause cardiovascular mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine independent predictors of cardiovascular events.ResultsA total of 1085 subjects with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus were included in this study, with 73.5% female. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events in six years was 9.7%. Predictors of cardiovascular events were age ≥45 years (HR = 2.737; 95% CI 1.565–4.787) and hypertension (HR = 2.580; 95% CI 1.619–4.112).ConclusionsAge ≥45 years and hypertension were predictors of cardiovascular events in six years among the adult Indonesian population with prediabetes and diabetes, necessitating targeted intervention among these subjects.     

microRNA在急性胰腺炎患者外周血中表达的意义

目的 通过检测血清microRNA变化,预判急性胰腺炎的病情严重度并探讨影响经皮置管引流(PCD)治疗的因素.方法 回顾性分析2013年10月至2014年3月成都军区总医院收治的120例急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料并采集其外周血,35例急性重度胰腺炎(SAP)、急性中重度胰腺炎(MSAP)为A组,85例急性轻度胰腺炎(MAP)为B组.对所有患者进行APACHE Ⅱ、Reason、BISAP评分,用实时定量PCR法进行定量检测患者血清中miR-146a、miR-10b、miR-21、miR-26a表达水平,比较两组之间的4种microRNA表达差异以及与评分系统间的相关性,并分析影响PCD治疗的因素.计量资料采用t检验,变量间关系采用直线相关分析.单因素和多因素分析采用Logistic回归.结果 (1)APACHEⅡ、RANSON、BISAP评分:A组分别为(8.28±0.61)分、(3.42±0.54)分、(1.71±0.32)分;B组分别为(3.18±0.52)分、(1.43±0.25)分、(0.37±0.06)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.266,7.809,4.113,P＜0.05).(2)血清miR-146a、miR-10b、miR-21、miR-26a表达水平:A组分别为1.41±0.21、2.94±0.49、1.62±0.25、1.21±0.20;B组分别为6.29±0.91、0.52±0.09、2.82±0.33、3.57±0.64.miR-146a、miR-10b在两组间差异有统计学意义(=-2.156,2.110,P＜0.05),而miR-21、miR-26a两组间差异无统计学意义(t=-1.114,-1.571,P ＞0.05).(3)相关性:A组miR-146a、miR-10b与APACHEⅡ、RANSON、BISAP评分有相关性(r=-0.826、0.837,-0.874、0.866,-0.833、0.899,P＜0.05).而miR-21、miR-26a表达水平与APACHE Ⅱ、RANSON、BISAP评分无相关性(r=0.642、0.321,0.701、0.750,0.716、0.716,P＞0.05).B组miR-146a、miR-10b、miR-21、miR-26a表达水平与APACHE Ⅱ评分无相关性(r=0.067,0.347,0.133,0.111,P＞0.05);与RANSON评分无相关性(r =0.178,0.078,0.092,0.142,P＞0.05);与BISAP评分无相关性(r=0.103,0.260,0.216,0.285,P＞0.05).(4)预测因素分析:单因素Logistic回归分析发现RANSON评分、BISAP评分、miR-10b是影响PCD干预的因素(OR =4.170,5.612,2.500;95％可信区间:1.092 ～ 15.932,1.232 ～21.622,1.190 ～5.254,P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析发现miR-10b是急性胰腺炎PCD干预的独立影响因素(OR=2.374,95％可信区间:1.115 ～5.056,P＜0.05).结论 miR-10b与miR-146a可能成为判断急性重症胰腺炎严重程度的预测指标;miR-10b可能成为急性胰腺炎是否行PCD干预的判定指标.     

影响扩张型心肌病患者心脏结构和功能发生逆转的相关因素分析

目的 探讨扩张型心肌病患者药物治疗后发生心脏结构和功能逆转的预测因素.方法 回顾性分析2016年8月至2017年4月在徐州市中心医院住院的156例扩张型心肌病患者资料,根据患者治疗后的临床效果和超声心动图结果的不同反应性,将156例扩张型心肌病患者分为左心室逆重构(LVRR)组(27例)和非LVRR组(129例).记录...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后心肌损伤的荟萃分析

目的:系统评价经导管主动脉瓣置换术后心肌损伤的发生率及预测因子。方法:全面检索PubMed、Springer、Elsevier-SDOL、EMbase、SSCI、CNKI、VIP、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据资源系统,收集2009年1月至2015年11月发表的主动脉瓣置换术后心肌损伤的研究文献。利用疾病患病率或发病率质量准则评价文献质量,运用Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0软件进行荟萃分析。结果:最终纳入9个研究,均为非随机对照研究,共包含2 423例接受经导管主动脉瓣膜置换术的严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者。术后心肌损伤的总体发生率为20.5%(95%CI:18.5~22.7)。经导管主动脉瓣膜置换术后发生心肌损伤的独立预测因子包括:经心尖途径、早期手术经验不足、瓣膜栓塞或需要置入第2个瓣膜、大出血或致命性出血、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病病史、手术时间、术前存在肾功能不全。结论:经导管主动脉瓣置换术后心肌损伤的总体发生率高达20.5%,可能对预后产生不良影响,应当针对其预测因子进行早期干预以改善患者预后。     

老年原发性高血压患者并发阵发性心房颤动的预测研究

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压患者并发阵发性心房颤动的预测因子。方法 87例老年原发性高血压患者分为两组。A组：并发阵发性心房颤动（PAF）的老年原发性高血压患者41例，B组：无PAF的老年原发性高血压患者46例；全部病例均进行同步12导联心电图、彩色多普勒超声心动图检查覆24h动态血压监测。结果 A组P波离散度（Pd）、P波最大时限（Pmax）、左心宣心肌重量指数（LVMI）、24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）均显著大于B组（均为P〈0．05）。Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示Pd、LVMI、nSBP均为老年原发性高血压患者并发PAF的独立预测因子（P〈0．05）。结论 Pd、LVMI、nSBP可以作为老年原发性高血压患者并发PAF的独立预测因子。