Polarotaxis in non-biting midges: female chironomids are attracted to horizontally polarized light

Non-biting midges (Chironomidae, Diptera) are widely distributed aquatic insects. The short-living chironomid adults swarm in large numbers above water surfaces, and are sometimes considered a nuisance. They are vectors of certain bacteria, and have a key-role in benthic ecosystems. Optical cues, involving reflection-polarization from water, were found to be important in the habitat selection by three Mediterranean freshwater chironomid species. In this work we report on our multiple-choice experiments performed in the field with several other European freshwater chironomid species. We show that the investigated non-biting midges are positively polarotactic and like many other aquatic insects their females are attracted to horizontally polarized light. Our finding is important in the visual ecology of chironomids and useful in the design of traps for these insects.     

X射线对小胶质细胞M1和M2型极化的影响

目的 探讨X射线对小鼠小胶质BV-2细胞极化的影响.方法 取对数生长期BV-2细胞随机分为假照射组(Sham)和10 Gy照射组,后者给予X射线单次照射,剂量为1.28 Gy/min,照射时间7 min 49 s.于照射后1、3、6、24h和48 h,光镜下观察并分析BV-2细胞活化率;HE染色及Iba-1免疫荧光染色...     

康复新液调控巨噬细胞极化防治大鼠急性放射性口腔黏膜炎

目的 探讨康复新液对大鼠急性放射性口腔黏膜炎（ROM）的防治效果及对巨噬细胞极化的影响。方法 该研究于2021年7月至2022年4月进行，将54只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分成对照组、照射组和给药组，各18只。除对照组外，其余各组均行单次大剂量照射模拟急性ROM。给药组予康复新液，其余两组给予生理盐水。观察照射后大鼠一般情况及颊黏膜病理变化。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测颊黏膜组织中白细胞介素（IL）-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和IL-10水平。免疫荧光法检测颊黏膜组织CD86和CD206阳性巨噬细胞。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和蛋白质印迹法检测颊黏膜中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、精氨酸酶1(Arg1)、共刺激分子CD86和CD206 mRNA表达和蛋白水平。结果 与照射组比较，给药组大鼠一般情况得到改善，颊黏膜炎症减轻。对照组、照射组和给药组颊黏膜组织IL-6浓度分别为（0.46±0.04）μg/L、（1.12±0.16）μg/L、（0.74±0.08）μg/L,TNF-α浓度分别为（0.12±0.02）μg/L、（0.68±0.1...     

辐射对巨噬细胞极化和功能的调节作用

巨噬细胞是存在于所有组织中的调节性细胞,它们对辐射刺激的反应机制复杂,既有共同的应对感染、损伤的变化过程,也有自己独特的极化转变方式。辐射相关的极化转变决定了巨噬细胞的功能类型。巨噬细胞受到不同的照射后,受到不同细胞因子的调节,涉及多个信号通路,极化程度也有所不同。本文综述辐射对巨噬细胞极化和功能的调节作用,以期对免疫基础研究和临床放射治疗提供参考。     

PROTAC technology: A new drug design for chemical biology with many challenges in drug discovery

Target Protein Degradation TPD is a new avenue and revolutionary for therapeutics because redefining the principles of classical drug discovery and guided by event-based target activity rather than the occupancy-driven activity. Since the discovery of the first PROTAC in 2001, TPD represents a rapidly growing technology, with applications in both drug discovery and chemical biology. Over the last decade, many questions have been raised and today the knowledge gained by each team has elucidated a number of them, although there is still a long way to go. The objective of this work is to present the challenges that the PROTAC strategy has very recently addressed in drug design and discovery by presenting extremely recent results from the literature and to provide guidelines in the drug design of new PROTACs as successful therapeutic modality for medicinal chemists.