氟伐他汀胶囊对老年患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的 探讨氟伐他汀胶囊对老年患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响.方法 对我院2009年1月～2011年1月收治的118例老年颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组给予氟伐他汀(来适可,北京诺华制药有限公司生产)40 mg,1次/d,晚餐时或晚餐后口服,同时给予阿司匹林100 mg...     

速度向量成像技术检测兔腹主动脉粥样硬化易损斑块的初步研究

目的 探讨速度向量成像(VVI)技术评价兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块生物力学参数的价值.方法 45只雄性新西兰大白兔,随机选择10只作为正常对照组,余35只制成动脉粥样硬化模型.分别对其行常规超声检查及VVI脱机分析,测量右肾动脉分支1 cm以下处腹主动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)或斑块厚度,记录此处收缩期最大切向速度(Vmax)、应变(Smax)及应变率(SRmax).最后行病理及免疫组化检查.结果 根据病理分为4组:正常对照组(A组,10只)、病理性内膜增厚组(B组,9只)、厚帽纤维粥样斑块组(C组,15只)及薄帽纤维粥样斑块组(D组,11只).C、D组间斑块厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均大于A、B组IMT(P<0.05).各组间Vmax、Smax、SRmax差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).以Smax>0.37%检测易损斑块的灵敏度为 84.4%,特异度为 91.7%.结论 VVI技术有望成为临床早期发现易损斑块的可靠方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the value of biomechanics parameter of rabbit abdominal aortic atheroma using velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods Ten of 45 male New Zealand rabbits were chosen as normal control group randomly,the rest experimental rabbits were made atheromatous plaque model.The rabbits were examined by two-dimensional ultrasound and VVI respectively.The intima-media thickness(IMT) or thickness of plaques of abdominal aorta 1 cm from right renal artery branch were recorded.Maximum tangential velocity,strain and strain rate of IMT or plaques were measured using VVI.Then the rabbits were killed for pathological and immuno-histochemical examination.Results Based on pathology,the rabbites were divided into 4 groups:control group(group A,n=10),group of pathological endometrial thickening(group B,n=9),group of thick fibrous cap atheromatous plaques (group C,n=15) and group of thin fibrous cap atheromatous plaques (group D,n=11).The difference of plaques thickness and biochemical indicators had no statistically significant between group B and C(P>0.05),both bigger than group A and B (P<0.05).The difference of Vmax,Smax and SRmax had statistically significant each group(P<0.05).With Vmax>0.46×10-2 cm/s,Smax>0.37%,SRmax>1.415×10-2 s-1 to find the vulnerable plaques,the sensitivity were 75.0%,84.4%,84.4% respectively,specificity were 70.8%,91.7%,83.3% respectively.Conclusions VVI can identify plaque biomechanics parameter of different progression periods,which is expected to be a reliable method to find vulnerable plaques earlier in clinic.     

通心络和他汀类药物治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价通心络和他汀类药物治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床疗效。方法计算机检索中外数据库,检索日期为从建库起至2015年5月1日,收集通心络和他汀类药物治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块疗效的相关随机对照研究。采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入23篇文献,包括2355名患者,平均研究周期为20±7周,其中单用通心络和他汀类药物改善患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)及血脂水平的疗效无明显差别(MD为-0.06,95%CI为-0.17~0.05,P=0.26和MD为0.19,95%CI为-0.00~0.38,P=0.05),但单用通心络在改善患者甘油三酯(TG)水平上较他汀类药物更有优势(MD为-0.28,95%CI为-0.44~-0.11,P=0.001),通心络联合他汀类药物在改善患者IMT及斑块面积、斑块积分以及血脂水平和C反应蛋白(CRP)上比单用他汀类药物更有优势(P0.01),而单用通心络比单用他汀类药物所表现的不良反应明显减少(OR为0.44,95%CI为0.27~0.73,P=0.001)。结论治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的最佳治疗方案是通心络联合他汀类药物的使用。     

活化T细胞核因子c1检测联合血管内超声在冠心病风险评价中的作用

目的以血管内超声(IVUS)分析为参照,探讨活化T细胞核因子c1(NFATc1)对不稳定性斑块的预测意义。方法 183例冠心病患者根据IVUS结果分为不稳定性斑块组(98例)和稳定性斑块组(85例),另选46例冠状动脉造影结果阴性患者为对照组。流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞内NFATc1表达水平,通过受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析其对不稳定性斑块的诊断意义。结果冠心病患者NFATc1水平明显高于对照组,其中不稳定性斑块组NFATc1水平高于稳定性斑块组,NFATc1受试者工作曲线下面积为0.796,P=0.01,最佳界值平均荧光强度为17.5。结论 NFATc1是不稳定性斑块的活动性指标,能够评价冠心病风险,从而进一步预测急性冠状动脉事件的发生。     

温控气体损伤建立兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型

目的利用持续恒定低温气体损伤血管内皮,结合高脂饮食,建立兔颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块动物模型。方法新西兰雄性白兔24只,3月龄,随机分为空白对照组、假手术组和温控气体损伤组,每组8只。高脂饮食喂养1周后对温控气体损伤组利用低温气体给予血管内膜损伤处理,假手术组单纯给予有创手术操作,术后两组均继续给予高脂饮食12周;空白对照组给予持续普通饮食。术后13周处死动物,取血管行HE、Masson、弹力纤维、油红O染色,观察血管形态,并做小鼠抗兔巨噬细胞抗体11免疫组织化学染色。结果温控气体损伤组可见薄的纤维帽、大脂质核心,内膜有巨噬细胞及泡沫细胞浸润,部分内皮脱落,斑块出现裂隙,局部小血栓形成,形成典型的易损斑块;假手术组多表现为内膜增生,部分存在小斑块,内皮下见泡沫细胞浸润,符合脂纹期改变,为初级斑块;空白对照组未见斑块形成。结论利用恒定低温气体损伤兔颈动脉内膜结合高脂饮食可建立典型的易损斑块模型,且方便易行。     

他汀类药物联合氯吡格雷对动脉粥样硬化斑块影响的研究进展

他汀类药物与抗血小板药物是治疗脑血管疾病的两大基石,两种药物在降脂、稳定斑块、降低血小板反应性、抑制炎症中起着至关重要的作用。他汀类药物通过多种作用途径可有效延缓动脉粥样硬化进程,缩小斑块体积,减少心脑血管疾病发生率。氯吡格雷目前主要用于抗血小板聚集,有部分研究指出氯吡格雷也参与抗动脉粥样硬化过程,但目前机制未明。在他汀类药物与氯吡格雷联用时,氯吡格雷抗动脉粥样硬化作用往往被忽略,该研究就他汀联合氯吡格雷对动脉粥样硬化斑块的疗效研究进展进行综述。     

糖尿病与非糖尿病患者冠状动脉斑块分布及负荷比较

目的　探讨糖尿病与非糖尿病患者冠状动脉斑块分布及狭窄程度的差异。方法　263例冠心病和可疑冠心病患者,根据糖尿病病史,分为糖尿病组（92例）和非糖尿病组（171例）,所有患者均行双源CT冠状动脉血管成像（DSCTA）,对冠状动脉斑块（混合斑块、钙化斑和非钙化斑）进行计数。结果　糖尿病组左前降支（LAD）（P0.007）、右冠状动脉（RCA）（P0.041）钙化积分和总钙化积分（T　scores）（P0.027）明显大于非糖尿病组;糖尿病组冠状动脉斑块（P<0.001）明显多于非糖尿病组,以混合斑块（P<0.001）和非钙化斑块（P0.045）为主;糖尿病组病变的冠状动脉支数（P<0.001）及阻塞性斑块（P<0.001）明显多于非糖尿病组。结论　与非糖尿病患者比较,有症状的糖尿病患者冠状动脉阻塞性斑块的发生率更高,冠状动脉钙化程度更重,冠状动脉斑块负荷更重,以混合斑块和非钙化斑块为主,但是仍需要进一步的研究对此研究结果验证。     

Determinants of the fluorescence emission spectrum of atheromatous plaques treated with haematoporphyrin in vitro

Studies were carried out on atheromatous plaques which had been incubated with the fluorescent dye haematoporphyrin. By varying the wavelength of excitation, it was possible to obtain fluorescence signals from different depths in plaque, since enhanced tissue penetration occurs when the wavelength of exciting light is increased. Moreover, the presence of ulcerated regions altered both excitation and emission spectra. These results suggest that corresponding measurements using laser/fibre-optic systems may be used to characterize plaques in vivo.     

Analysis of staining methods for different cortical plaques in Alzheimer's disease

This study evaluated current methods for demonstrating and categorizing cortical plaques, with the aim of establishing objective methodology for future diagnostic evaluation. Analysis of four methods of tissue processing revealed that the highest numbers of plaques were identified in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue regardless of the stain used. Analysis of three silver stains and four immunohistochemical dilutions of an antibody to A4 protein revealed that the recent silver method published by Garvey et al. [(1990) J Histotechnol 14: 39–42] was equivalent to A4 immunohistochemistry in demonstrating the highest number of plaques. Plaque differentiation was easier and more reliable in silver compared to A4-stained sections, although the number of identifiable small compact plaques was significantly reduced in silverstained sections. These studies show that plaque differentiation may be compromised by tissue processing and staining protocols. The establishment of superior methods may provide better diagnostic resolution for patients with Alzheimer's disease.Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the Australian Alzheimer's Association     

超声造影三维成像评价颈动脉软斑块内新生血管的初步研究

目的 探讨超声造影三维成像评价颈动脉软斑块内新生血管的临床价值.方法 对36例颈动脉粥样硬化患者的42个软斑块进行超声造影二维成像和超声造影三维成像,根据图像中斑块内造影剂的分布、形态等特点将斑块内新生血管情况分为4级:Ⅰ级,斑块内无增强;Ⅱ级,斑块内呈星点状增强或仅局部小范围增强;Ⅲ级,斑块内呈点状和短条状增强;Ⅳ级,斑块内呈条状和网络状增强.结果 超声造影二维成像模式下42个软斑块中,Ⅰ级2个(占4.8%),Ⅱ级15个(占35.7%),Ⅲ级22个(占52.4%),Ⅳ级3个(占7.1%);超声造影三维成像模式下42个软斑块中,Ⅰ级0个,Ⅱ级4个(占9.5%),Ⅲ级20个(占47.6%),Ⅳ级18个(占42.9%).结论 超声造影三维成像可以更全面地反映颈动脉软斑块内新生血管的空间分布特点,为进一步研究斑块立体解剖结构及整体微血管灌注情况提供一种新的方法.