栽培与野生羌活中4种化合物含量及抗炎作用比较

目的:比较栽培与野生羌活中4种化合物含量以及抗炎作用。方法:应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定栽培与野生羌活中羌活醇、异欧前胡素、阿魏酸、佛手柑内酯的含量。复制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀模型,观察栽培与野生羌活水提液与醇提液对炎症模型动物肿胀度的影响。结果:栽培羌活所含4种成分含量大多高于野生羌活。野生羌活(班玛、壤塘、康定、西宁)、栽培羌活(岷县、渭源)水提液可显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀,其中栽培羌活(渭源)水提液效果最好;野生羌活(班玛、阿坝、壤塘、康定、西宁)醇提液、栽培羌活(岷县、渭源)醇提液可显著抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀,其中栽培羌活(岷县)醇提液效果最好。结论:栽培羌活在化学成分含量及抗炎效果方面均等同于或强于野生品。     

Thymoquinone (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects

Cancer remains the topmost disorder of the mankind and number of cases is unceasingly growing at unprecedented rates. Although the synthetic anti-cancer compounds still hold the largest market in the modern treatment of cancer, natural agents have always been tried and tested for potential anti-cancer properties. Thymoquinone (TQ), a monoterpene and main ingredient in the essential oil of Nigella sativa L. has got very eminent rankings in the traditional systems of medicine for its anti-cancer pharmacological properties. In this review we summarized the diverse aspects of TQ including its chemistry, biosynthesis, sources and pharmacological properties with a major concern being attributed to its anti-cancer efficacies. The role of TQ in different aspects involved in the pathogenesis of cancer like inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, invasion and migration have been described. The mechanism of action of TQ in different cancer types has been briefly accounted. Other safety and toxicological aspects and some combination therapies involving TQ have also been touched. A detailed literature search was carried out using various online search engines like google scholar and pubmed regarding the available research and review accounts on thymoquinone upto may 2019. All the articles reporting significant addition to the activities of thymoquinone were selected. Additional information was acquired from ethno botanical literature focusing on thymoquinone. The compound has been the centre of attention for a long time period and researched regularly in quite considerable numbers for its various physicochemical, medicinal, biological and pharmacological perspectives. Thymoquinone is studied for various chemical and pharmacological activities and demonstrated promising anti-cancer potential. The reviewed reports confirmed the strong anti-cancer efficacy of thymoquinone. Further in-vitro and in-vivo research is strongly warranted regarding the complete exploration of thymoquinone in ethnopharmacological context.     

银杏叶提取物对动脉粥样硬化大鼠斑块及血脂水平影响

目的:研究银杏叶提取物是否具有延缓大鼠斑块进程、调节动脉粥样大鼠血脂水平的作用。方法:建立动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型36只,分为3组:银杏叶提取物组、辛伐他汀组、高脂未干预组,每组12只。干预4周后分别处死大鼠,取血样进行血脂水平分析;对大鼠主动脉病理切片进行形态学比较。采用Stata6.0统计软件分析:①血清学指标、相对光密度值采用x軃±s表示;②两组间比较采用t检验;以P<0.05为差异有显著性,均为双侧检验。结果:银杏叶提取物组和辛伐他汀组脂蛋白水平:TC、TG、LDL-C、ox-LDL均明显低于高脂未干预组(P<0.01),但前两者之间也有统计学差异:银杏叶提取物组血脂水平要高于辛伐他汀组(P<0.05);经银杏叶提取物和辛伐他汀干预组斑块进展明显慢于高脂未干预组。结论:银杏叶提取物具有调节动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂水平,保护血管内皮、延缓动脉粥样硬化斑块进展的作用,但是其作用要弱于辛伐他汀。     

“螺威”植物杀螺剂现场灭螺效果研究与示范Ⅲ山丘地区喷洒灭螺效果

目的 目的 评价植物杀螺剂4%螺威 （TDS） 在山丘地区现场灭螺效果, 为现场应用提供科学依据。方法 方法 在南京市江 宁区湖山村选择钉螺密度相对较高的环境, 采用5 g/m2 TDS和2 g/m2 50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐 （WPN） 进行喷洒灭螺试验, 比 较不同时间不同药物的现场灭螺效果。结果 结果 灭螺后1、 3、 7、 15 d TDS组钉螺死亡率为56.47%、 57.32%和90.58%、 93.41%, WPN组钉螺死亡率为49.22%、 53.37%、 95.92%和97.26%, 灭螺后1、 7 d和15 d两组钉螺死亡率之间差异有统计学 意义 （P均＜0.05）; 灭螺后15 d, TDS组和WPN组活螺密度分别由20.30±16.20只/0.1 m2 和23.67±21.22只/0.1 m2 下降至 2.28±2.17只/0.1 m2 和1.27±0.76只/0.1 m2 , 钉螺密度下降率分别为88.77%和94.63%。结论 结论 TDS可作为山丘地区的备选灭 螺药物之一, 值得进一步推广应用。     

复方黄芪提取物抗急性肝损伤作用的研究

目的：研究复方黄芪提取物（ERAC）的抗急性肝损伤作用。方法： 分别采用D-氨基半乳糖（D-Galn）和四氯化碳（CCl4）造成急性肝损伤模型，检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）的活性及胆红素的含量，并进行病理学检查。结果： ERAC对肝损伤引起的ALT和AST活性增加以及胆红素增高均有明显的降低作用（P<0.05）。病理组织学检查：ERAC对肝损伤引起的肝细胞变性、坏死等病变有改善作用。结论： ERAC能减轻D-Galn和CCl4所引起的肝损伤，改善肝功能。     

银苓Ⅰ号对铅中毒小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨中药复方银苓Ⅰ号对铅中毒小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响。方法:小鼠自由饮用醋酸铅溶液造模,分别予银苓Ⅰ号或依地酸钠钙治疗3周;观察外周血弊细胞计数、碳粒廓清指数K及校正指数α、免疫脏器指数等非特异性免疫功能指标的变化。结果:银苓Ⅰ号对外周血白细胞计数、碳粒廓清指数K及校正指数α、免疫脏器指数有明显改善作用,而且碳粒廓清能力优于依地酸钠钙。结论:银苓号可在一定程度上对抗铅中毒所致的非特异免疫损害,效果优于依地酸钠钙。     

炒紫苏子醇提物对血小板聚集活性的影响

目的:探讨炒紫苏子醇提取物对腺苷二磷酸(ADP)、花生四烯酸(AA)和血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导血小板聚集功能的影响。方法:用诱导剂ADP(终浓度3μmol/L)、PAF(终浓度7.2 nmol/L)、AA(终浓度0.35 mmol/L)分别激发血小板聚集,观察炒紫苏子醇提取物对血小板聚集的抑制作用。结果:炒紫苏子醇提取物体外能抑制由ADP、PAF和AA激发的兔血小板聚集,并表现明显的剂量依赖关系。其中,对PAF诱发的血小板聚集作用有更强的抑制作用,80mg/L就表现出明显的抑制作用(P<0.05);而对于ADP和AA激发的兔血小板聚集,640 mg/L炒紫苏子醇提取物表现出明显的抑制作用。结论:炒紫苏子醇提取物具有明显的抗血小板聚集作用。     

Interactions of Magnolia and Ziziphus extracts with selected central nervous system receptors

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Magnolia officinalis Rehder and Wilson [Magnoliaceae] bark and Ziziphus spinosa (Buhge) Hu ex. Chen. [Fam. Rhamnaceae] seed have a history of use in traditional Asian medicine for mild anxiety, nervousness and sleep-related problems.

Aim of the study

To identify pharmacological targets, extracts of Magnolia officinalis (ME), Ziziphus spinosa (ZE), and a proprietary fixed combination (MZE) were tested for affinity with central nervous system receptors associated with relaxation and sleep.

Methods

In vitro radioligand binding and cellular functional assays were conducted on: adenosine A₁, dopamine (transporter, D₁, D_2S, D₃, D_4.4 and D₅), serotonin (transporter, 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_4e, 5-HT₆ and 5-HT₇) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor.

Results

Interactions were demonstrated with the adenosine A₁ receptor, dopamine transporter and dopamine D₅ receptor (antagonist activity), serotonin receptors (5-HT_1B and 5-HT₆ antagonist activity) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor at a concentration of 100 μg/ml or lower. ME had an affinity with adenosine A₁ (K_i of 9.2 ± 1.1 μg/ml) and potentiated the GABA activated chloride current at the benzodiazepine subunits of the GABA receptor (maximum effect at 50 μg/ml). ME had a modest antagonist action with 5-HT₆ and ZE with the 5-HT_1B receptor.

Conclusion

The interactions in the receptor binding models are consistent with the traditional anxiolytic and sleep-inducing activities of Magnolia officinalis bark and Ziziphus spinosa seed.