胃镜检查与幽门螺杆菌感染关系的初步探讨

本文用前瞻性连续检测方法，对２６９例患者作胃粘膜ＨＰ检测，且同步对消毒前后的胃镜、有关器械和操作者手套采样，作ＨＰ检测。结果发现，消毒前镜端（含弯曲部）、活检钳、清洁刷、器械管道插口和操作者手套采样标本的ＨＰ阳性率分别达６９．５１％、７３．６０％、８１．６２％、８７．７３％和９７．７２％。目前常规的清洗消毒虽能清除ＨＰ对胃镜的大部分污染，但还存在一些易忽视的环节，这可能在检查中引起医源性感染，应予高度重视。     

略论广东农村自学考试发展

高等教育自学考试是我国高等教育的重要组成部分 ,面向农村的自学考试事关我国“三农问题”、全民教育、加速实现“小康”的大局 ,其意义重大 ,任务艰巨。文章回顾了我国及广东省自学考试 2 0多年来的发展历程 ;分析了造成当前广东省农村自学考试面临困境的多种因素 ;探讨了加快广东省面向农村自学考试创新发展的途径。     

The Physical Inactivity Matrix: Lessons from the classification of physical inactivity interventions

Physical inactivity (PI), a leading modifiable cause of disease and injury, is endemic in industrialised nations. Although considerable research has been undertaken in this field, we lack a system to synthesise the research literature to inform policy and identify research needs. The aims of this study were to (1) develop a system to classify physical inactivity intervention studies, (2) examine the distribution of PI interventions published in the peer-reviewed health literature using the system, and (3) consider implications for future research. We developed the Physical Inactivity Matrix (PIM), with 12 intervention points, created by the intersection of two dimensions: the intervention target (individual, physical environment and social/cultural environment) and the activity focus (transport, work/school, leisure and consumer). A formal search of the health research literature identified 529 eligible studies and each was classified into one of the 12 cells of the PIM. Most studies were categorised as: individual-leisure (68%), individual-work/school (12%) or social/cultural environment-leisure (13%). Only 4% targeted the physical environment. The findings of this initial application of the PIM support the call for greater investment in policies, interventions and research that focus on the relationship between the environment and PI, and transportation in particular. There would be merit in establishing the inter-rater reliability of the PIM and applying it to a wider variety of studies, including those published in the transportation and urban planning literatures. The PIM could be a useful tool for monitoring trends in research directions and funding levels over time and across countries.     

Aptitude for physical exercise in a population of female hospital workers

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical capacity in a female hospital population of Paris and its suburbs. A total of 1505 women working in the selected departments filled in a questionnaire concerning their working conditions, life habits and health and also attended a medical examination. The effort test performed consisted in flexing the legs 20 times with the chest held straigt, in 40 s. The heart rates were measured for the first, the second and the third minutes of recovery (first 15 s multiplied by 4). The blood pressure was measured just after the heart rate, for the first and the third minute. Recovery indices have been constituted from the results. The respective weights of anthropometric and sociodemographic risk factors for recovery indices were studied in multiple logistic regression models. The classification enables us to consider about 25%–30% of our population as having a satisfactory physical capacity, about 26%–27% as having an acceptable capacit, and about 24%–27% as having a weak capacity. About 21% of the population presented an excessive pressure reaction and 44% a questionable pressure reaction. Our results concerning the level of physical capacity of the female nursing staff should be taken into account especially in the future planning of work loads and architectural choices, which must avoid excessive physical burdens in relation to this level. An improvement in the level of physical capacity could be envisaged as well.     

口服法小肠气钡双对比造影对小肠疾病的影像诊断

目的:探讨口服法小肠双对比造影检查及病变表现特点。方法:辅以高、低张药物,口服80%(w/v)硫酸钡200ml加经肛门逆行注入空气2000ml进行小肠双对比造影检查,显示双对比小肠影像。结果:147次小肠造影检查中118例成功地用该方法进行小肠双对比造影检查,成功率80.27%,年龄14岁至69岁,平均34.3岁。118例中阳性32例,阳性显现率27.12%,病理证实的25例,占阳性病例的78.13%。不能应用高、低张药物和逆行注气失败的共29例,占19.73%。小肠肿瘤、Crohn's病、Meckel's憩室和回肠末段淋巴滤泡增生症小肠疾病的双对比影像具有特征性表现。结论:(1)此法小肠双对比造影检查简便易行,适合各类有电视X线机的放射科开展。(2)小肠病变在双对比影像上表现特征明显,易于诊断。(3)不能应用高、低张药物和肛门括约肌松弛的患者用此法检查将受到限制。     

Does work with visual display units impair visual activities after work?

It is well established that visual display unit (VDU) operators complain of visual fatigue and visual stress during after-work hours. The present study was divided into two parts. In the first part, standard eye examinations were performed on a group of VDU workers (n = 32) and a control group (n = 15); those subjects who were found to have correct vision (n = 16 and 13, respectively) participated in the second part. The eye examinations revealed that on the average, the VDU workers suffered more than twice as many visual impairments as the controls. In those with correct vision, the near point of accommodation was measured at the beginning of the workday at the start of the week, and at the end of the workday, four days later. In the VDU group, the decrease in accommodation was uniformally distributed between zero and 1.0 diopter, whereas among the non-VDU workers, 77% of the decrease was between zero and 0.25 diopter. The dynamic range of accommodation in the VDU workers on the second examination was smaller than on the first. We conclude that some of the visual stress and visual fatigue that developed at work hindered visual activities after work.     

医科院校师生对考试现状看法的调查与分析

医科院校的考试主要是学科考试。调查显示，教师和学生对目前的学科考试模式评价均不高，存在的最主要弊端是考试方法单一，考试管理不够科学、严谨，考风不好；认为作弊的主要原因在于学生自己学习不努力、社会风气影响以及学校对教师和学生要求不够严格。因此，要搞好考试改革，提高考试质量，必须着重从改革考试方法、加强考试管理的改革与研究、整顿考风、制定科学的成绩评定方法、加强能力考核、实施教考分离等方面进行探索与实践。     

低强度超短波对小鼠体质及智力的影响

本实验探讨了低强度超短波对小鼠连续三代辐射,对学习、记忆、拉力、运动耐力和周围血象的影响。用81MHz,10～12V/m 的超短波进行辐射,每天辐射2小时,每周6天。结果表明:经过超短波辐射的各代小鼠与对照组相比,学习能力、记忆能力、拉力及运动耐力有明显的降低,且运动耐力有进行性降低的趋势,而经过辐射的三代小鼠红细胞、血红蛋白含量及白细胞数均明显增高,每个红细胞的血红蛋白含量则低于对照组。     

汉语失写检查法及其在失写症检查中的临床应用

根据汉语文字的特点，书写行为的相关因素及我国文化背景的具体情况，设计了一套用于评定汉语失写症患者书写能力的方法，包括自动书写、抄写、听写、看图书写、主动书写及书写相关能力检查６个部分。通过临床应用，初步显示了该检查法在失写症评估中的可靠性和实用性。     

骨髓转移癌的骨髓象诊断及临床分析

目的 探讨临床表现及骨髓象改变在骨髓转移癌患者诊断中的意义。方法 对41例骨髓转移癌患者的临床资料及骨髓象进行分析，观察主要临床改变。结果 所有病例均在髓片可找到多少不等的成团、成簇的转移癌细胞，且形态学可见明显异常改变。结论 对明确诊断为恶性肿瘤的患者常规骨髓穿刺涂片可早期发现骨髓转移，多部位或多次穿刺涂片可提高阳性发现率。