直肠癌壁外血管侵犯影像学评价的研究进展

直肠癌壁外血管侵犯是影响直肠癌病人预后的重要因素,术前准确诊断壁外血管侵犯,可指导治疗方案的制订,从而改善病人预后和远期生存。MRI检查和CT检查是术前评估直肠癌的主要检查手段。笔者将对影像学检查在直肠癌壁外血管侵犯评价的作用进行综述。     

Fear of hypoglycemia,a game changer during physical activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients

Hypoglycemia limits optimal glycemic management of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) is a significant psychosocial consequence that negatively impacts the willingness of T1DM patients to engage in and profit from the health benefits of regular physical activity (e.g., cardiometabolic health, improved body composition, cardiovascular fitness, quality of life). Technological advances, improved insulin regimens, and a better understanding of the physiology of various types of exercise could help ameliorate FoH. This narrative review summarizes the available literature on FoH in children and adults and tools to avoid it.     

乳腺肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

乳腺肿瘤属女性的常见病之一,且乳腺恶性肿瘤患者的病死率较高。随着医疗技术水平的不断提升,超声、X线等影像学技术已被广泛应用于乳腺肿瘤的诊断中,尤其是MRI、核医学等新技术在乳腺肿瘤的早期诊断中具有较好的应用效果。该研究对乳腺肿瘤的影像学诊断进展进行综述。     

基于成分等时替代模型的高中生身体活动与焦虑症状相关性分析

目的 了解高中生在居家网课期间身体活动、焦虑症状状况及其相关性,为高中生的身心健康干预提供科学依据。方法 2020年4月,某校高中生以问卷星形式完成在线调查,内容包括:一般资料、生活作息、身体活动、焦虑自评量表。采用成分等时替代模型分析高中生24 h行为活动（包括身体活动、静坐行为和睡眠）与焦虑症状的相关性。结果 共调查1 324人,高中生焦虑症状患病率为23.34%。10 min中高强度身体活动（MVPA）替代久坐行为（SB）、低强度身体活动（LPA）与焦虑得分减少相关有统计学意义（平均变化量分别为 - 0.25（95%CI: - 0.47～ - 0.04）、 - 0.24（95%CI : - 0.46～ - 0.02））。随着 MVPA 替代 LPA、SB和睡眠（SLP）的时间增加,焦虑得分预测值减少量增加。结论 高中生居家网课期间焦虑情绪不容忽视,进行中高强度身体活动能有效预防焦虑症状发生。     

陪检方式在胸痛患者诊疗过程中效果评价

目的 探究陪检在胸痛患者诊疗过程中的应用效果。方法 选择2019年江苏某三甲医院急诊科收治的110例胸痛患者为研究对象,依据是患者就诊时是否有专人陪检分为实验组与对照组,进行病例对照研究。实验组由医务人员陪检,完成各项辅助检查,对照组患者依据临床医师的指示自行完成各项检查,患者病情严重程度采用TIMI评分进行评价。统计分析两组患者的医疗安全不良事件发生率、患者对医疗服务满意度差异,评价陪检方式的应用效果。结果 110例研究对象,其中男性53例,女性57例,年龄范围49~80岁,平均年龄（62±6.10）岁。实验组（陪检组）56例,对照组（无陪检组）54例。两组人群平均年龄t=-0.323,P=0.747,性别统计学检验x2=1.295,P=0.255。患者病情严重程度评价TIMI评分两组统计学检验t=1.513,P=0.134。实验组不良事件发生数量5例次（8.92%）明显低于对照组16例次（29.6%）,统计学检验x2=7.62,P=0.006（P<0.05）;患者满意实验组94.64%,对照组81.48%,两组统计学检验x2=4.57,P=0.033(P<0.05)。结论 陪检在胸痛患者诊疗过程中具有较好的应用效果,值得推广运用。     

Effect of acute exercise on some haematological parameters and neutrophil functions in active and inactive subjects

In this work we studied the possible effects of acute exercise on some haematological parameters and on some functions of neutrophils in seven active and six inactive subjects. Physical exercise (10 min on a cycle ergometer at a heart rate of 150 beats · min^–1) induced a significant increase in total leucocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations in active subjects; serum iron and ferritin concentrations were lower in active compared to inactive subjects. Cellular adhesion, bactericidal activity and superoxide anion production did not change after exercise, while we also observed some differences between active and inactive subjects before exercise. In particular, the neutrophils from active subjects showed a significantly higher percentage of adhesion, higher bactericidal activity and lower superoxide anion production. In conclusion, the training induced changes in some neutrophil functions, while acute exercise influenced, overall, leucocyte concentrations.     

Aesthetics of feminizing the male face by craniofacial contouring of the facial bones

The forceful and macho look of a prototypical man may not be unduly appealing to others whom he meets. This forceful look might not even appeal to the individual himself. In order to soften this appearance, a series of operative procedures has been devised for use on the craniofacial skeleton. These surgical steps can be done in a single operation or as a series of multiple operative procedures. Moreover, the needs of some patients may require that only special segments of these procedures be performed. This article presents these operative procedures and describes the feasibility with which they can be performed. Complications and unfavorable outcomes, when they occur, are usually related to unrealistic expectations on the part of the patient. The surgical steps routinely performed are those that contour the forehead, orbits, malar eminence, cheeks, chin, angle of the mandible, and larynx. Three categories of patients are described: the female with a male face; the male with a forceful look; and the patient requesting a gender identity change. The psychosocial, psychological, and behavioral problems leading to the decision for surgery will be the basis of final patient selection.Presented at the 9th Congress of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, New York City, October 1987     

人工破膜对诊断羊水过少的价值

目的 :探讨人工破膜在诊断羊水过少中的意义。方法 :观察组是根据人工破膜时所流出的羊水量判断羊水多少 ;对照组则用同期产前超声检查所见判断羊水多少。以产时所见羊水量作为最终诊断。结果 :人工破膜和超声诊断羊水过少的符合率分别是 79 73 %和 82 76 % ;两者无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;人工破膜漏诊率 2 84% ,超声是 6 15 % ,两者无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :人工破膜是诊断本病的一种有价值的方法 ,结合超声检查可作为诊断本病的依据