A群脑膜炎多糖菌苗接种前后流脑流行规律的改变及今后预防对策

本文研究了在使用菌苗预防前后的流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行强度的变迁，年龄、地区及季节分布特点，人群的易感性及带菌率之间的关系，并讨论了今后的预防措施。     

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in normotensive awake subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Cardiovascular autonomic function in normotensive awake patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was studied in 21 normotensive (mean age 48 ± 14 years), drug-free men with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Cardiovascular reflex tests with continuous blood pressure monitoring and biochemical indices were performed the morning after a standard polygraphic sleep recording. A group of 20 agematched (mean age 49 ± 19 years) normal subjects was used as controls. The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients showed higher heart rate and noradrenaline plasma levels (p < 0.05) at rest and a higher blood pressure response to head-up tilt (p < 0.01), suggesting sympathetic overactivity. Respiratory arrhythmia, baroreflex sensitivity index and Valsalva ratio were significantly lower in the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome group (p < 0.01) whereas the decrease in heart rate induced by the cold face test was significantly higher (p < 0.05) showing a blunting of reflexes dependent on baroreceptor or pulmonary afferents with normal or increased cardiac vagal efferent activity. These abnormalities in autonomic regulation may predispose obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients to cardiovascular complications like hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias.     

Physiological Effects of Mental Stress and Orthostasis in Young Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients

ABSTRACT. The effects of procedures which stimulate sympathetic activity, viz. mental stress induced by a colour-word conflict test (CWT) for 20 min, and orthostasis (ORT) for 8 min were studied in 8 young (16-20 yr) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 9 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The IDDM patients showed no signs of neuropathy or retinopathy and their mean HbA_1c value was 8.4 ±0.6% (normal value < 5.0 %). Blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly during CWT and ORT in both groups. The changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate were comparable in both groups during CWT; the IDDM group showed a higher ( p < 0.05) heart rate after 8 min of orthostasis, however. CWT and ORT elicited equivalent increases in noradrenaline in venous plasma in both groups ( p < 0.05), but the IDDM patients had 50% lower values ( p < 0.01) at rest, during CWT and at rest after CWT than controls. CWT and ORT evoked equivalent plasma adrenaline increases in both groups. The lipolysis marker, plasma glycerol, was about 40 % lower ( p < 0.05) in the IDDM group before and after CWT. Yet, mental stress evoked equivalent increases in glycerol levels ( p < 0.01) in both groups. These findings indicate that sympathetic activity in the young diabetic patients without signs of neuropathy may be blunted.     

生物代谢过程的热力学研究——乙醇生成的理论转化率及代谢能级特征

根据生物代谢状态方程和代谢反应一般表达式,解析由葡萄糖生成乙醇的生物代谢过程。结果表明,该过程是一个可达到热力学最大可能性的过程,该代谢过程的热力学最大可能性转化率为51.1%,方程的解与依据代谢途径直接核算的结果一致,说明这些代谢途径已实现了热力学上的最大可能性。研究表明由葡萄糖生成乙醇的代谢过程具有非连续的能级特征。研究结果为深入解析代谢过程的物理意义奠定了基础。     

Natural killer cell activity and CSF monoamine metabolites in suicide attempters

The aim of this study was to investigate markers of serotonin and immune function in suicidal patients. Cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) and CD16 lymphocytes were studied in 28 suicide attempters and 26 healthy controls, and related in patients to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with CSF 5-HIAA below the median had significantly lower NK cell activity than other patients. CD16 cell frequency was significantly lower in patients than in controls, and patients also tended to have lower NK cell cytotoxicity than healthy controls. There were no statistically significant correlations between 4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), CSF cortisol and NK cell activity. The results support the hypothesis of compromised immune function in suicidal patients with evidence of disordered serotonin function.     

理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条的作用

目的：观察理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条运动的影响。方法：将肌条放置在灌流肌槽中，用生理记录仪记录肌条的收缩活动。结果：陈皮、枳实对胃各部位平滑肌条均为抑制效应，香附、薤白、木香、柿蒂、乌药对胃底肌条为兴奋效应，但对其他部位肌条则表现为兴奋或抑制不同的效应，沉香仅降低胃窦环行肌收缩波平均振幅，对其他肌条无影响。结论：理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条既有兴奋作用，也有抑制作用。     

Effects of synchronization in the pacemaker during high-frequency atrial stimulation

I. M. Sechenov Medical Academy, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 5, pp. 454–456, May, 1991.     

Effect of prior exercise in Pi/PC ratio and intracellular pH during a standardized exercise. A study on human muscle using [31P]NMR

Seven subjects underwent a standard localized exercise of calf muscles in order to investigate whether the metabolic exercise-induced steady-state, as revealed by the evaluation of inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine ratio, depends on the conditioning of the muscle just prior to the exercise. The experimental protocols consisted of two separate experiments using first [³¹P]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and second (on 3 subjects) infrared oxyphotometry to respectively follow variation of energy metabolism and tissular deoxygenation. The exercise consisted of 240 successive plantar flexions (0.5 Hz frequency) against a high load equivalent to SO% of the maximal voluntary contraction. This exercise was accomplished before cold exercise and after warm exercise, a warming-up period bringing to approximately 50% of Vo_2max. The results showed that: (1) steady-state level of phosphate/phosphocreatine and intracellular acidosis was significantly lowered by warming-up; (2) cold and warm exercise steady-state of calculated adenosine diphosphate values were not significantly different; (3) cold exercise rapidly induced a high tissular deoxygenation that is not observed during warm exercise; and (4) time-constant of phosphocreatine resynthesis is lowered after warm exercise but the initial slope of time-evolution is not modified. Parallel experiments also showed that phosphate/phosphocreatine steady-state was not modified in comparison with warm exercise when the same power of exercise was reached by stepwise incrementation of the charge. From these results we postulate that a better tissue oxygenation due to a global or localized warming-up allows to reach the same mechanical performance with a lower decrease of PCr content, owing to a faster adjustment of oxidative metabolism during the transitional period. However the aerobic pathway flux during the steady-state is probably the same before and after the warming-up despite different values of phosphate/phosphocreatine. As a consequence it can be assumed that this ratio is not a good indicator of the rate of muscle oxidative metabolism during the steady-state phase of the exercise.