选择性髂内动脉造影对盆腔肿瘤的诊断价值

自１９８９－１０以来，我们对２４例病人进行选择性髂内动脉造影５４次。对盆腔良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断准确率为９５．８％。造影发现良性肿瘤主要表现为动脉的移位和增粗。恶性肿瘤造影动脉期时可以见到新生肿瘤血管团，在实质期有肿瘤染色，这是恶性肿瘤的重要征象。并据此可了解肿瘤的大小、形状、部位：有否囊变或坏死；以及浸润和转移情况。能协助确定肿瘤性质及估计予后。选择性髂内动造影对盆腔良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断极有价值，能满意地显示卵巢癌的存在及转移浸润情况。明显优于腹主动脉造影。根据经验提出经济理想的摄片程序供参考。     

Laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia and nitrous oxide insufflation

Background: Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia is traditionally performed under general anesthesia mainly because of the adverse effects that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum has on awake patients. Since a mandatory use of general anesthesia for all hernia repairs is questionable, the feasibility of laparoscopic extraperitoneal herniorraphy using spinal anesthesia combined with nitrous oxide insufflation was investigated. Methods: Over a 4-month period, February to May 1998, we performed 35 consecutive total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia procedures (24 unilateral, 11 bilateral) using spinal anesthesia and nitrous oxide extraperitoneal gas. Data on operative findings, self-reported operative and postoperative pain and discomfort (visual analog pain scale), procedure-related hemodynamics, and complications were collected prospectively. Results: All 35 procedures were completed laparoscopically without the need to convert to general anesthesia. Mean operative time was 39 ± 7 min for unilateral hernia and 65 ± 10 min for bilateral hernia. Incidental peritoneal tears occurred in 22 patients (63%) resulting in nitrous oxide pneumoperitoneum, which was well tolerated. The patients remained hemodynamically stable throughout the procedure, and operative conditions and visibility were excellent. Complications at a mean of 4 months after the procedure included seven uninfected seromas (20%), three patients with transient testicular pain, and one (3%) recurrence. Conclusions: Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal hernia repair can be safely and comfortably performed using spinal anesthesia with extraperitoneal nitrous oxide insufflation gas. This method provides a good alternative to general anesthesia. Received: 17 February 1999/Accepted: 1 July 1999     

Laparoscopic Surgery for Genuine Stress Incontinence

Laparoscopic Burch colposuspension has rapidly become one of the primary surgical treatment options for genuine stress incontinence. The procedure has been modified by some investigators because of technical difficulty with laparoscopic suturing, but should be identical to the conventional open Burch procedure. This article reviews the indications, operative technique, clinical results, complications and learning curve for laparoscopic retropubic surgical procedures.     

腕部神经损伤的急诊修复

目的观察腕部神经损伤后经急诊显微修复的效果。方法１９９３年７月～１９９７年１２月对１７例２１条腕部受伤的周围神经进行急诊显微修复,其中正中神经损伤１１例,尺神经损伤２例,两神经同时受损４例。１条为部分断裂,２０条为完全断裂。用７／０～８／０无创缝线作神经外膜缝合１７条,束膜缝合４条。观察神经功能的恢复。结果术后创面Ⅰ期愈合。经６～１８个月随访,所有患者伤手神经功能恢复优良率达到９５．２５％。结论因腕部结构的特殊性,在该部位的神经损伤后经急诊显微修复,有利于再生神经在最短时间内达到感受器和终板,使手内在肌恢复形态和功能,并减少局部粘连。     

Intraabdominal adhesion formation after preperitoneal dissection in the murine model

Background: The laparoscopic approach to hernia repair has been advocated by many as a potentially superior method of herniorraphy. Several techniques have been described, each with its own proposed advantages. These techniques involve different anatomic approaches, the most recent of which is the totally extraperitoneal approach (TEPA). One presumed advantage of the extraperitoneal approach is the avoidance of adhesion formation because the peritoneum is not entered and mesh is not placed in direct contact with intra-abdominal structures. We hypothesize, however, that when the peritoneum is dissected from the abdominal wall, it is partially devascularized, leading to scar formation and potential adhesion formation. This would suggest that the TEPA method of herniorraphy may not completely avoid the risks of intra-abdominal adhesion formation. Methods: After appropriate approval was obtained, 88 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups. One group underwent laparotomy followed by careful blunt dissection of the peritoneum from the left abdominal wall. The control group underwent laparotomy without manipulation of the peritoneum. All animals were re-explored 14 days later, and the abdominal cavity was examined for adhesions. The type and location of any adhesion was recorded. Results: Adhesion formation occurred in 10 of 44 (23%) subjects in the peritoneal dissection group, compared with 3 of 44 (7%) in the nondissection group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dissection of the peritoneum from the overlying abdominal wall in the murine model leads to intra-abdominal adhesion formation. This suggests that peritoneal dissection in the TEPA method of herniorraphy may lead to intra-abdominal adhesion formation. Received: 13 January 1998/Accepted: 22 May 1998     

Repair of large midline incisional hernias with polypropylene mesh: Comparison of three operative techniques

Polypropylene mesh is widely used for the reconstruction of incisional hernias that cannot be closed primarily. Several techniques have been advocated to implant the mesh. The objective of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, early and late results of three different techniques, onlay, inlay, and underlay. The records of 53 consecutive patients with a large midline incisional hernia — 25 women and 28 men, mean age 60.4 (range 28–94) — were reviewed. Polypropylene mesh was implanted using the onlay technique in 13 patients, inlay in 23 patients, and underlay in 17 patients. Either the greater omentum or a polyglactin mesh was interponated between the mesh and the viscera. The records of these 53 patients were reviewed with respect to: size and cause of the hernia, pre- and postoperative mortality and morbidity, with special attention to wound complications. Patients were invited to attend the outpatient clinic at least 12 months after implantation of the mesh for physical examination of the abdominal wall. Postoperative complications occurred in 14 (26.4%) patients. The onlay technique had significantly more complications, as compared to both other techniques. Reherniation occurred in 15 (28.3%) patients. The reherniation rate of the inlay technique was significantly higher than after the underlay technique (44% vs 12%, P=0.03) and tended to be higher than the onlay technique (44% vs 23%, P=0.22). Repair of large midline incisional hernias with the use of a polypropylene mesh carries a high risk of complications and has a high reherniation rate. The underlay technique seems to be the better technique.     

Pelvic floor muscle strength and thickness in continent and incontinent nulliparous pregnant women

The aim of the study was to measure pelvic floor muscle function in continent and incontinent nulliparous pregnant women. The study group consisted of 103 nulliparous pregnant women at 20 weeks of pregnancy. Women reporting urinary incontinence once per week or more during the previous month were classified as incontinent. Function was measured by vaginal squeeze pressure (muscle strength) and increment in thickness of the superficial pelvic floor muscles (urogenital diaphragm) assessed by perineal ultrasound. Seventy-one women were classified as continent and 32 women as incontinent. Continent women had statistically significantly higher maximal vaginal squeeze pressure and increment in muscle thickness when compared with incontinent women. There was a strong correlation between measurements of vaginal squeeze pressure and perineal ultrasound measurements of increment in muscle thickness. This study demonstrates statistically significant differences in pelvic floor muscle function measured by strength and thickness in continent compared with incontinent nulliparous pregnant women. Editorial Comment: This study evaluated pelvic floor muscle function in 103 nulliparous continent and incontinent women at 18–20 weeks gestation. Pelvic floor muscle strength was assessed by measuring vaginal squeeze pressure, and thickness of the urogenital diaphragm during both relaxation and contraction was measured using perineal ultrasound. The authors found a statistically significant higher vaginal squeeze pressure and higher mean increment in muscle thickness in the continent compared with incontinent group as well as a strong correlation between pelvic floor muscle strength and increment in thickness. Although describing several benefits of ultrasonography in assessing pelvic floor muscles, the authors did acknowledge the difficulty in identifying and measuring these muscles, and the learning curve involved with perineal ultrasound. Another limitation was the subjective classification of continence status based on self-reported symptoms. The implication of low pelvic floor muscle strength and thickness as risk factors for the development of urinary incontinence is beyond the scope of this study.     

C型骨盆骨折的手术内固定治疗

目的　探讨开放复位内固定治疗严重不稳定骨盆骨折的疗效。方法　对 2 8例严重不稳定骨盆骨折病人采用切开复位重建钢板内固定和C型臂X线机或CT引导下经皮拉力螺钉内固定和TSRH系统固定。结果　 2例浅表感染 ,1例神经损伤 ,随访 3～ 36个月 ,无骨折不愈合 ,复位按照Matta标准 :优 2 3例 ,良 3例 ,可 2例。优良率 92 86 %。结论　对严重不稳定骨盆骨折病人采用切开复位重建钢板内固定和C型臂X线机或CT引导下经皮拉力螺钉内固定是较好的选择 ,可以使病人早期康复。     

经会阴三维超声评价女性盆底肌肉形态及功能

目的应用经会阴三维超声测量年轻未育女性的耻骨内脏肌宽度及肛提肌裂孔大小,探讨女性盆底的形态及功能。方法对100例18～31岁年轻未育女性在安静状态下、最大瓦氏动作及提肛动作时采集盆底经会阴三维超声图像,脱机分析,分别测量肛提肌裂孔的前后径、左右径、面积及耻骨内脏肌的宽度,并通过计算组内相关系数评估观察者之间的一致性。结果肛提肌裂孔呈菱形,两侧耻骨内脏肌基本对称,呈带状高回声,在肛直肠角后方形成U型襻。安静状态下肛提肌裂孔面积(11.15±1.70)cm2,最大瓦氏动作时增大至(14.35±2.43)cm2,而提肛动作时缩小至(9.20±1.46)cm2。两名观察者测量安静状态及提肛动作时的肛提肌裂孔大小及不同状态下耻骨内脏肌宽度一致性较好,但在最大瓦氏动作时测量肛提肌裂孔大小的一致性稍差。结论经会阴三维超声能直观观察盆底耻骨内脏肌的宽度及肛提肌裂孔的动态变化。     

阴道前壁“斜拉桥”式修补术与传统阴道前壁修补术治疗阴道前壁膨出的临床效果比较

目的比较阴道前壁“斜拉桥”式修补术与传统阴道前壁修补术治疗阴道前壁膨出的临床效果。方法2006年1月～2009年10月对30例（斜拉桥式组）阴道前壁膨出施行阴道前壁“斜拉桥”式修补术（将阴道前壁两侧膀胱筋膜分别缝于对侧耻骨降支骨膜上）,与2002年1月-2006年1月35例（传统术式组）阴道前壁膨出行传统阴道前壁修补术（将膀胱筋膜荷包缝合以使膨出的膀胱回缩）进行比较,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症、术后复发率、术后阴道深度、术后性生活满意情况及保持率。结果2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后1周内新发尿潴留无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。术后12个月阴道深度传统术式组为（5．6±1．1）cm显著短于斜拉桥式组（7．5±0．6）em（t=-8．440,P=0．000）。传统术式组术后2年复发率20．0％（7／35）,显著高于斜拉桥式组0（P=0．010）。术后12个月内性生活保持率传统术式组5．7％（2／35）与斜拉桥式组13．3％（4／30）无统计学差异（,=0．395,P=0．530）。结论阴道前壁“斜拉桥”式修补术不用额外材料而将脱垂的组织交叉固定在坚韧有力的骨膜上,借鉴了斜拉桥的构造原理,既加固盆底又经济,且骨膜标志易辨识,手术简单易操作,增加了安全性,临床效果优于传统修复术。