心音信号的识别与分类

综述了心意地信号识别与分类的基本方法（统计分析方法、神经网络方法）及其研究进展，并对各种方法中存在的主要问题进行了探讨。     

Gender Differences in Pattern Reversal Evoked Potentials in Normal Elderly

Pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs) were recorded in 51 normal elderly subjects (27 males. 24 females). Elderly females had shorter P100 and N150 latencies, greater P100-N150 amplitudes, and higher noise power than elderly males. The N150 latency differences were significant even when P100 latency effects were partialled out statistically. Gender differences in P100-N150 amplitude Mere independent of both noise power and PREP latency measures. These results provide evidence that, in the elderly, 1) gender differences in PREP amplitude reflect factors specific to CNS processing of visual stimuli rather than global CNS anatomic or physiological factors, 2) gender differences in P100 latency reported in younger groups are also present in the elderly, and 3) there are separable factors underlying gender differences in N150 and P100 latencies in the elderly.     

Development of the mechanoreceptive lateral-line system in the axolotl: placode specification, guidance of migration, and the origin of neuromast polarity

Summary The mechanosensory lateral-line system offers a unique opportunity to study a wide variety of developmental phenomena, including cell migration, the origin of polarity, and pattern formation. In this study, we use a series of transplantation experiments to examine some of the factors affecting the origin of the lateral-line placodes, the establishment of sensory organ polarity and placement, and the guidance of cell migration in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). We find that placode-forming ectoderm is at least partially specified as early as the beginning of neurulation, and we suggest that this may be a result of early processes involved in neural induction. Furthermore, we find that the migration of the primordia on the body depends on the presence of both the ectoderm and the subjacent mesoderm for guidance. Sensory organ polarity on the body appears to be the result of an interaction between the primordia, which deposit organs of set polarity relative to the direction of migration, and the substrate, which determines the direction of migration. Spacing of the organs is independent of the substrate, and may be due to an intrinsic property of either the primordia or the emerging organs themselves. Finally, we suggest that the lateral-line primordia are guided, as they migrate, by a contact guidance mechanism.     

眼弓形虫病的PVER、OCT和中心视野改变

目的 探讨活动性眼弓形虫病(Ocular Toxoplasmosis,OT)的光相干断层成像、图形视诱发反应和中心视野改变。方法除临床检查、眼底彩色照像、眼底荧光造影(FFA)和脉络膜血管造影(ICG)外,21例33只活动性OT患者均行光相干断层成像(Optical Coherence Tonography,OCT)、图形视诱发反应(Pattern Visual Evoked Response,PVER)检测和自动中心视野分析。结果 本研究中21例患者33只眼的OCT检测结果显示黄斑区视网膜水肿增厚及黄斑顳侧脉络膜新生血管形成。自动视野检测分析,呈现中心部分视野光敏度显著下降。图形视诱发反应显示峰幅值显著降低。结论 活动性眼弓形虫感染的OCT、PVER和自动中心视野检测均呈现明显异常。这些异常类似干中心性渗出性视网膜脉络膜炎之改变。     

Neuro-fuzzy feature evaluation with theoretical analysis

The article provides a fuzzy set theoretic feature evaluation index and a connectionist model for its evaluation along with their theoretical analysis. A concept of weighted membership function is introduced which makes the modeling of the class structures more appropriate. A neuro-fuzzy algorithm is developed for determining the optimum weighting coefficients representing the feature importance. It is shown theoretically that the evaluation index has a fixed upper bound and a varying lower bound, and it monotonically increases with the lower bound. A relation between the evaluation index, interclass distance and weighting coefficients is established. Effectiveness of the algorithms for evaluating features both individually and in a group (considering their independence and dependency) is demonstrated along with comparisons on speech, Iris, medical and mango-leaf data. The results are also validated using scatter diagram and k-NN classifier.     

从医学模式的递嬗看生物心理社会医学模式的伦理意蕴

人类医学模式是一个历史范畴，随着人们对于生命、健康与疾病的认识程度发展而不断地趋向完善。它的每一次递嬗，都潜涵着丰富的伦理意蕴。生物心理社会医学模式完成了医学人文与科学主义的有机结合，使完整人在医学上得以实现，它从完整的意义上思考生命价值，赋予了健康以深厚的伦理意蕴，从实践上亲证了马克思关于人的学说的科学性，从更高意义上提出了新的医德要求，呼唤一种新型的医患关系。     

慢性肾功能不全患者血浆IL-10、IL-6、TNFα变化与中医辨证分型的关系

采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法 (ELASA)检测 57例慢性肾功能不全 (CRF)患者和正常人群对照组 2 0例血浆中IL 10、IL 6、TNFα的水平。结果 :CRF各型患者的IL 6、TNFα值均高于正常组 ,其中阴阳两虚型为显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ;各型IL 10值均高于正常组 ,脾肾气 (阳 )虚型为显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ,阴阳两虚型差异有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :CRF患者中医证型间存在着不同程度的细胞免疫功能失调 ,IL 10、IL 6、TNFα可作为CRF患者中医辨证的客观指标之一。     

Patterns of cerebellar foliation in recombinant inbred mice

Morphometric analysis of cerebellar foliation patterns at the midsagittal plane was done in the inbred strains BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6ByJ and their 7 recombinant inbred strains in order to assess possible major gene influences. The cerebellum was dissected away from the brainstem and weighed prior to histology so that measures of the depth of fissures and sulci could be related to overall size of the brain and cerebellum. Results for 177 mice revealed that many brains had extra sulci present within the central lobe, the culmen, the declive and the uvula, and that patterns within a genetically uniform inbred strain were highly variable. The measure of sulcus depth was continuous, showing no evidence of a normal versus abnormal dichotomy. Furthermore, the frequency and depth of extra sulci were greater in mice with larger cerebella. Strain differences in size of the whole brain and cerebellum clearly resulted from several genetic loci. This was also true of the extra sulci, except for the declival sulcus which revealed a single gene influence. The gene symbol 'declival sulcus of cerebellum' (dsc) is proposed.     

脊柱结核骨破坏类型及CT表现特征

目的：探讨脊柱结核骨破坏类型及CT表现特征。材料与方法：回顾性分析40例脊柱结核的CT表现。结果：4种骨破坏类型中粉碎型最常见（33．3％），溶骨型28．4％，骨膜下型18．5％，局灶硬化型19．8％。附件及肋骨破坏发生率分别为34．6％和25％，椎间盘破坏占40％，椎旁软组织肿出现率为80％，且波及范围广（平均3．5个椎体），硬膜外脓肿出现率为40％，椎管内碎骨块达27．5％。结论：粉碎型骨破坏是脊柱结核最具特征的CT表现，而局处性骨硬化伴死骨形成，椎体骨破坏伴椎旁软组织肿块内出现骨碎块或钙化也是脊柱结核比较特征的CT表现。