Neuroprotective effects of tongluojiunao in neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation

Ethnopharmacological relevance

TongLuoJiuNao (TLJN) is an herb extract that mainly contains ginsenoside Rg1 and geniposide, which are clinically used for treating ischemic damages in the brain.

Aim of the study

In the stroke, cerebral ischemia followed by oxygen reperfusion induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, while extension of axons and dendrites in neurons may compensate for and repair damages of neuronal network in the hypoxia brain. In this study, we investigated whether TLJN can protect neurons against damages by ischemia in brain vasculature.

Materials and methods

We measured cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons before and after the neurons were deprived of oxygen and glucose (OGD). In addition, the effects were evaluated with cell viability and neurite outgrowth before or after OGD.

Results

We found that TLJN could play a neuroprotective role to cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons under both normal and oxygen/glucose-deprivation (OGD) conditions. TLJN could protect both cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) from cell death under both normal and oxygen/glucose-deprivation (OGD) conditions. Moreover, under the same conditions, BMECs-conditioned media pretreated by TNJN could also promote neuron viability and neurite outgrowth, indicating that TLJN stimulated BMECs to secret some neuroprotective/neurotrophic factors.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that TLJN has a marked neuroprotective and neurotrophic roles by either direct or indirect operation, and provide insight into the mechanism of clinical efficacy of this drug against stroke.     

中医健康状态辨识模式的研究现状与展望

健康状态的辨识是把握健康的前提。当前学界已存在专家辨识模式、标准辨识模式、数字辨识模式、智能辨识模式以及微观辨识模式等。联合多种辨识方法,构建健康状态辨识体系,形成常态与动态结合、主观与客观结合、人机互参的中医健康状态个体化辨识方法是研究的趋势所在。文章对未来的研究方向进行展望,探讨了多元辨识模式、远程辨识模式、终身辨识模式、自动辨识模式的思路方法,以期促进全民健康事业,助力健康中国战略。     

延续护理对消化性溃疡患者自我监控情况及心理状况的影响

目的 探讨延续护理对消化性溃疡患者自我监控能力和心理状况的影响.方法 选择消化性溃疡患者94例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组48例和对照组46例,试验组采用延续护理随访模式,对照组实施常规出院指导,比较两组患者入院时及出院后6个月患者自我监控疾病情况及心理状况,出院后6个月分别记录患者溃疡愈合情况及幽门螺杆菌感染阳性发生率.结果 出院后6个月试验组患者自我监控各项指标较对照组明显提高x2=10.788,复发率较对照组减少;患者抑郁、焦虑情绪较对照组明显改善,t=-4.313、-6.929;试验组患者消化性溃疡愈合及幽门螺杆菌感染阳性率较对照组Z=-2.066、-2.108.结论 延续护理有利于提高消化性溃疡出院患者自我监控能力,同时改善患者的心理状况.     

Periodontal risk assessment in a teaching hospital population in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province

ObjectiveWith this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with moderate and high risk of periodontal disease (PD) progression in the Saudi population.MethodsWe reviewed 281 patients’ clinical charts from predoctoral periodontal clinics at the dental teaching hospital in the College of Dentistry (COD) at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. After obtaining ethical approval, we determined the Periodontal Risk Assessment (PRA) of the included patients based on the modified criteria developed by Lang and Tonetti (2003). We used logistic regression on stratified data and divided the results into two categories (low-moderate and high risk) to assess the effect modifier for potential risk factors. We used SPSS version 22 for data analysis, and considered a P-value ≤ 0.05 to be statistically significant.ResultsOut of the 281 patients, 104 (37.0%) were male and 177 (63.0%) were female, with a mean age of 39.9 ± 14.0 years; 78.1% were Saudi nationals, 77% were married, and 44.6% were in the age group of 30 to 49. The PRA revealed 86 (30.5%) to represent high risk, 108 (38.3%) denoted moderate risk, and 88 (31.2%) signaled low risk for periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis showed that males were three times more likely to have high PRA (OR = 3.24) and to be married (OR = 2.77), as well as to be active smokers (OR = 8.87). The highest predictive factors of high PRA were 8 or more pockets ≥ 5 mm (OR = 29.0), those with active diabetes mellitus (DM; OR = 10.2), and those with 8 or more missing teeth (OR = 9.15).ConclusionSaudi males who are married and have residual periodontal pockets, are actively diabetic, and with missing teeth are at high risk of PD. Further research is needed with a larger sample size comparing the general population with and without PD.     

疾病谱对心肺复苏急救患者生存状况影响的研究

目的：探究疾病谱对行心肺复苏术的急救患者的生存状况的影响。方法：随机选取2012年3月至2014年3月在我院急诊手术室因发生心脏骤停实施CPR 复苏成功患者100例和复苏失败患者100例,分析两组患者的临床基本资料和直接病因。结果：复苏成功组大多为20～40岁患者（51例／100例,51％）,复苏失败组患者年龄分布集中在60岁以上（45例／100例,45％）,且差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;成功组和失败组在心肺复苏起始时间（100例／100例,100％;17例／100例,17％）、是否气管插管（91例／100例,91％;32例／100例,32％）和心电监护（79例／100例,79％;56例／100例,56％）均具有统计学意义（χ2＝12．829,P＝0．000;χ2＝10．025,P＝0．000;χ2＝4．982,P＝0．000）;直接病因主要为脑出血和梗死（44例／200例,22％）、冠心病（33例／200例,16．5％）、呼吸衰竭（40例／200例,20％）和急性心肌梗死（47例／200例,23．5％）,且两组患者间原发性疾病差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：心肺复苏患者自主循环的恢复与患者年龄、原发性病、是否进行气管插管、心电监护和复苏起始时间有关。     

“A Dignified and Caring Mother:” 1 An Examination of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Case Law∗

Beginning with 1990, this article identifies and comments on fifteen years of legal case law across the five national common law jurisdictions of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, addressing legal responses to Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP). MSBP is a syndrome in which perpetrators either harm a child in their care or achieve harm through their insistence on medical tests and treatments for non-existent, fabricated or exaggerated conditions. Abuse may go on for some time, and sometimes this abuse results in the child's death. The discussion situates this body of reported cases, identified through keyword searches in the LexisNexis databases, within current academic and professional literatures. Primarily, this review finds that the open-textured attributes of syndrome evidence, coupled with the idealisation of mothering and the concomitant social revulsion and retributive impulse towards “bad mothers”, invites professionals to infuse alleged cases of MSBP with morality, gender attributions, and social judgements. While identifying and preventing child abuse is an important goal, the questions of conscious knowledge and volition in a psychiatrically disordered perpetrator and the nexus of professional expertise in attributing liability and assigning punishment and treatment options deserve a more nuanced consideration.     

成年唇腭裂患者社会生活状态的初步探讨

目的 了解成年唇腭裂患者社会行为、社会生活等基本情况及心理状况,为针对性给予唇腭裂患者社会支持及心理帮助提供参考.方法 采用基本信息调查表,对成年先天性唇腭裂患者社会心理、社会支持等各方面的情况进行问卷调查.所得数据资料采用SPSS软件进行统计分析.结果 唇腭裂患者的文化水平与居住地有明显相关性;成年唇腭裂患者有选择语言交流或语言表达较少或基本不与人交流的工作的倾向,这与其语音障碍有直接关系;达到已婚年龄的男性成年唇腭裂患者,结婚平均年龄较正常人群偏高(P＜0.05),而女性患者无显著差异(P＞0.1).结论 成年唇腭裂患者在择业、婚姻等方面与相应年龄的非唇腭裂对照组人群相比有明显困难,这可能与其外貌缺陷、语音障碍及心理因素有较大关系.