无创正压通气不同压力支持水平对正常人呼吸做功的影响

目的 :观察无创正压通气 (NIPPV)不同压力水平对正常人呼吸做功的影响 ,为临床合理地应用NIPPV提供理论依据。方法 :选择 9例正常人行NIPPV并寻找出“最舒适”的吸气压力水平 (IPAP) ,在此压力基础上增加或减少 2 5 %的压力 ,构成低IPAP、最舒适IPAP和高IPAP三个压力水平 ,每一IPAP水平通气 15min以上 ,比较不同压力水平呼吸做功改变。结果 :受试者认为“最舒适”的IPAP为 (11.33± 3.2 0 )cmH2 O ,EPAP为 (4 .5 6± 0 .88)cmH2 O[相当于PSV水平为 (6 .77± 3.2 0 )cmH2 O]。与自主呼吸相比 ,NIPPV增加VE的同时 ,总的呼吸做功(Wtot)明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而受试者吸气肌做功占总的吸气做功的百分比 (Wi,p/Wi)明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。在最舒适IPAP时 ,Wi,p/Wi降低到基础值的 14 %± 9%。这种变化趋势与IPAP的水平相关。结论 :NIPPV可以显著降低吸气肌肉做功。吸气肌做功减少的比例与IPAP的水平相关。研究的结果为NIPPV时PSV的参数设定提供了生理学的依据。     

生物医学测量及控制技术新进展

介绍生物医学测量及控制技术领域中的一些研究进展。     

Cosmetic benefits of lower midline skin incision for pediatric open heart operation

OBJECTIVE: Since we developed the procedure in 1996, we have now performed 100 pediatric open heart operations using a lower midline skin incision and a minimal sternotomy approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: To elucidate the benefits of this approach, we analyzed these 100 cases retrospectively. There was no death, and no major complication, caused by this approach, and the resulting scarring in each patient is difficult to be seen under a common undershirt. CONCLUSION: This review shows that the technique of a lower midline skin incision and minimal sternotomy approach is a safe reliable and cosmetically advantageous method for a pediatric cardiac operation.     

Minimally invasive spinal surgery

Minimally invasive surgery offers quicker recovery and less morbidity for our patients through smaller surgical wounds and less tissue trauma. Although minimally invasive surgery has progressed in other fields of surgery for many years, spine surgeons have not previously embraced this philosophy for the various reasons discussed. However, minimally invasive spinal surgery has gained much interest in recent years. With the advent of new instrumentation, technology, and techniques, the promise of minimally invasive surgery in the spinal arena has become a reality. With the use of the microscope, navigational tools, newly developed canula for retraction, and image-guided percutenous pedicle screw systems, we can accomplish the same surgical procedures as currently used through smaller wounds and with greater precision. Nevertheless, all new technology does offer us an initial challenge of steep learning curves. Minimally invasive should not equate to minimal and inadequate treatment for our patients. Furthermore, careful analysis of this new technique is underway to assess its true advantages as compared with our current and proven techniques.     

改良限制性切口额颞部除皱术

目的　为提高额颞部除皱术的效果 ,延长有效时间 ,从理论与实际观察探讨额颞部老年化改变形成的原因 ,并采用相应的手术术式进行矫正。方法　肿胀麻醉下 ,通过颞部发际缘切口入路 ,在颞深筋膜浅面剥离 ,内达颞肌前缘及眶外缘 ,下达颧弓上缘 ,后达耳屏前线。额部切口入路在帽状腱膜下剥离 ,下达眶上缘外至颞线后至枕外隆突。口腔内上颊龈沟入路在颧骨及颧弓骨膜下剥离。上述各剥离区域相互贯通 ,最后将颞区皮瓣上提 ,并将颞浅筋膜与颞深筋膜缝合固定。结果　本组共 32例 ,术后眉外侧平均上提 8mm ,鼻唇沟变浅 ,获随访的 7例为术后 3～2 4个月 ,除皱效果满意。结论　本术式旨在通过广泛剥离解除了额颞部皮肤筋膜上提的羁绊 ,同时减少上面部降肌的作用 ,相对增强提肌的作用 ,再辅以筋膜及皮肤上提固定达到除皱的目的 ,效果确实、可靠、安全、持久。     

扩大经额硬膜外入路切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤

目的:探讨采用扩大的经额硬膜外入路切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤的临床应用.方法:1997年6月至2002年3月采用该入路显微外科切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤10例,肿瘤主要累及于鞍上、蝶筛窦及上斜坡区.结果:本组10例中,肿瘤全切6例,次全切除3例,大部分切除1例.术后发生颅神经麻痹4例,其中动眼神经障碍3例,外展神经障碍1例.全组无手术死亡.术后影像学随访6～24个月,全切除肿瘤病例未见肿瘤复发,次全切除者无明显增大.结论:该入路可充分显露鞍区肿瘤,术野开阔,对脑组织损伤小,适用于已侵犯蝶筛窦区及上斜坡的侵袭性垂体瘤.     

Advantages of using the midline incision right retroperitoneal approach for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

This study was conducted to compare the midline incision right retroperitoneal approach for repairing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with the transperitoneal approach. The intra- and postoperative course of 15 patients who underwent AAA repair using the transperitoneal approach between 1987 and 1991 and another 15 patients who underwent AAA repair using the retroperitoneal approach between 1991 and 1994 were evaluated. The incidence of postoperative wound complications was also assessed. There was no operative or hospital death in either group. Although a significantly longer interval was required from the incision to the aortic clamp using the extraperitoneal method, there were no statistical differences in the aortic clamping time, total operation time, or blood loss between the two groups. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant improvement in bowel function and a significant reduction in the length of postoperative hospitalization following the extraperitoneal procedure. Furthermore, no wound complications such as those associated with the left flank incision developed after the extraperitoneal procedure. Thus, we recommend the midline incision right retroperitoneal approach for AAA as it does not involve muscle division and is associated with fewer complications.     

微创手术治疗高血压脑出血

目的 探讨微创手术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法 132例高血压脑出血分成微创手术组(68例)和传统开颅手术组(64例)，分析两组手术的特点和手术时机，比较两组手术治疗的疗效。结果 微创组术后GOS良好23例、中残24例、重残9例、植物生存3例、死亡9例；传统组术GOS良好16例、中残15例、重残12例、植物生存6例、死亡15例。两组超早期或早期手术均有良好的预后，而微创组效果更佳。结论 微创手术治疗高血压脑出血能明显提高临床疗效，降低病死率。     

间期荧光原位杂交检测核心结合因子相关急性白血病的初步研究

目的应用间期荧光原位杂交技术(I-FISH)检测初诊急性白血病患者中核心结合因子(CBF)受累的染色体异常情况并对治疗后患者的微小残留病(MRD)进行监测,同时对I-FISH与常规染色体G显带的灵敏度进行比较。方法在骨髓形态学初筛的基础上,应用常规染色体G显带技术对15例急性髓系白血病(AML)进行核型分析,应用I-FISH对患者可能受累的CBF相关靶基因进行检测,其中7例患者治疗后进行了MRD监测。结果(1)正常对照组中,CYTOCELL公司提供的3种探针(AML1/ETO易位探针、MYH11基因断裂点双色探针和ETV6/AML1易位探针)的正常分界值分别为4.13%、1.95%和2.12%。(2)常规染色体G显带分析,15例患者中有6例伴有潜在累及CBF基因的染色体异常,其中8例AML-M2中5例伴t(8;21),2例AML-M4EO中1例伴inv(16),5例儿童B系急性淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)未检出相应的异常。I-FISH检测15例患者发现有12例累及CBF基因,其中8例AML-M2患者均为AML1/ETO融合基因(+),2例AML-M4EO病人CBFβ/MYH11融合基因均为(+),5例儿童B-ALL中2例ETV6/AML融合基因(+)。(3)3例AML-M2患者中2例MRD阳性;2例M4E0患者治疗后MRD监测结果均阴性;2例B-ALL患者1例阴性,1例阳性。结论I-FISH较常规染色体G显带技术能够更灵敏地检测出累及CBF的急性白血病,在初诊时联合应用这两种     

小切口椎板间开窗治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的　探讨小切口椎板间开窗髓核摘除术的疗效及适应证。方法　从 1998年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 9月采用小切口椎板间开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症 72例。全部患者都有腰痛和一侧或双侧下肢疼痛及麻木。结果　获得随访 65例 ,随访时间最长 2 6个月 ,最短 6个月 ,平均 13个月 ,按Nakai标准评定治疗优良率为 93 .8%。结论　小切口椎盘间开窗髓核摘除术具有适应证较广、手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、手术优良率高、后期并发症少、不损害脊柱稳定性等优点 ,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症较为有效和可靠方法之一