微创经皮钢板骨桥接术联合锁定加压钛板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板骨桥接术（minimallyi nvasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis，MIPPO）联合锁定加压钛板（locking compression plate，LCP）治疗胫骨远端骨折的近期疗效。方法2004年6月～2006年3月采用MIPPO联合LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折16例，AO分型：43A1型7例，43A3型5例，43B1型2例，43C3型2例。采用3种方法复位胫骨骨折后插入LCP，用锁定螺钉固定。结果16例随访5～20个月，平均11，5月。16例切口一期愈合，骨折无延迟愈合、畸形愈合、断钉、断板等并发症。术后X线检查4～12周（平均7．6周）骨痂形成并开始部分负重，8～20周骨性愈合（平均16周），此时开始完全负重。3例出现胫骨远端内植物局部不适。根据美国足踝骨科学会评分系统对踝关节功能评分，优14例（87．5％），良2例（12，5％）。结论MIPPO具有创伤小、固定牢靠、可早期功能锻炼等优点，近期疗效满意，是治疗胫骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

低位前外侧入路微创全髋置换术

目的:评价低位前外侧入路微创全髋关节置换术的可行性和早期临床效果.方法:17位患者18例髋关节进行前外侧入路微创全髋关节置换术,仰卧位,自大转子上2 cm为顶向前下切口,纵行切开髂胫束和臀中肌前部着点,由髋关节囊前方分离至髋臼前外缘.不脱位,经股骨颈截骨和取头,处理髋臼植入假体.患髋内收外旋股骨颈基底脱出切口外,股骨扩髓后植入假体.结果:手术切口平均长(10.5±2.1)cm.切口长短与体重正相关,髋臼病理改变和翻修者更长.手术时间平均为(101.7±14.6)min,术中出血量110～600ml,平均(302.2±77.3)ml;双侧髋关节置换1例.术后2～5 d患髋均可负重行走.随访7～22个月,Harris评分平均:术前44;术后6个月85.假体位置理想.无并发症.结论:经低位的前外侧入路行微创全髋关节置换术,需要特殊的髋关节拉钩和牵开技术.有创伤小、不损伤臀上神经、假体位置理想、术中可以处理较复杂病理改变、准确测量两侧下肢体长度、术后外展肌有力、早期康复等优点.     

微创经皮锁定加压钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮锁定加压钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的效果。方法自2003年6月～2005年5月微创经皮锁定加压钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折56例。按AO分类标准:A型20例,B型19例,C型17例。结果48例获得随访,平均11个月(8～21个月)。X线片显示骨折全部一期愈合,平均愈合时间为13周,均无感染、骨不连、钢板松动等并发症。按照Mazur踝关节功能评分:优38例,良6例,可4例,优良率为91.7%。结论微创经皮锁定加压钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折符合生物力学固定(BO)原则,内固定牢靠,有利于骨折的愈合及软组织的修复。     

Mucin expression profile in pancreatic cancer and the precursor lesions

In this review article, we demonstrate the mucin expression profile in normal tissue, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), two subtypes of intraductal papillary–mucinous neoplasm (IPMN dark cell type and IPMN clear cell type), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas. In MUC1, there are various glycoforms, such as poorly glycosylated MUC1, sialylated MUC1, and fully glycosylated MUC1. IDCs showed high expression of all the glycoforms of MUC1. IPMNs dark cell type showed no expression or low expression of all the glycoforms of MUC1. IPMNs clear cell type showed low expression of poorly glycosylated MUC1, but expression of sialylated MUC1 and fully glycosylated MUC1. Expression of MUC2 was negative in IDCs, high in IPMNs dark cell type and low in IPMNs clear cell type. MUC5AC was highly expressed in IDCs, IPMNs dark cell type, and IPMNs clear cell type. MUC6 expression was higher in IPMNs clear cell type than in IDCs and IPMNs dark cell type. Our recent study demonstrated that high expression of MUC4 in IDCs is correlated with a poor outcome for patients. In PanINs, expression of both MUC5AC and MUC6 are an early event, whereas up-regulation of MUC1 is a late event. MCNs do not look as if they will show a specific mucin expression profile according to the literature review.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DETECTION OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD B-ALL BY FLOW CYTOMETRY

R啨ｓｕｍ啨　　 Objectif　D啨ｔｅｃｔｅｒｐａｒｃｙｔｏｍ啨ｔｒｉｅｄｅｆｌｕｘｌｅｒ啨ｓｉｄｕｍｏｒｂｉｄｅｍｉｎｉｍａｌ(RMM)chezlesenfantsatteintsdeB LLAet啨ｖａｌｕｅｒｓａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｌｉｎｉｑｕｅ .　M啨ｔｈｏｄｅｓ　 5 8enfantsatte     

经喉内镜手术治疗喉部疾病的并发症分析

目的：分析经喉内镜手术后并发症的发生原冈及其防治措施。方法：使用从德国STORZ公司引进的国内首套喉内镜手术系统，治疗包括声带小结、声带息肉、喉乳头状瘤、声带囊肿、会厌囊肿、喉部炎性假瘤、喉部血管瘤等58例患者，并随访2～36个月，观察主要并发症并作相应处理。结果：58例患者中发音正常者54例，发音功能明显好转者4例。主要并发症有：牙齿松动2例，牙齿脱落1例，声带粘连1例，舌体麻木1例，舌运动障碍1例，术后拔管时喉痉挛1例。结论：经喉内镜手术可住微创的前提下彻底清除病灶，并最大限度地保留发音功能，只要术前严格掌握适应证，术中精细操作，其并发症是可以避免的。     

National survey on the management of primary hyperparathyroidism by Swiss endocrinologists

Background From the endocrine surgeon’s perspective, it is important to know how endocrinologists manage patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). The aim of this survey was to evaluate the preoperative diagnostic workup and referral pattern for parathyroidectomy by Swiss endocrinologists. Materials and methods The survey was conducted by mailing a questionnaire to all members of the Swiss Society for Endocrinology and Diabetes in spring 2005. Results The questionnaire was sent back by 68 of 124 endocrinologists (55%). The median annual case volume of patients with pHPT was 6 (range 1–50). The mean fraction of these patients referred for surgery was 59 ± 24%. This fraction was significantly higher in the German-speaking part of Switzerland than in the French-speaking part (67 ± 21% vs 51 ± 27%). When considering surgery for asymptomatic pHPT, 62% of the endocrinologists rely routinely on the recommendations of the NIH consensus conference and 86% on the subsequent guidelines of the workshop in 2002. Sixty-seven percent of the endocrinologists routinely perform localization studies before possible referral for surgical exploration. Typically, they consisted of an ultrasonography of the neck (93%) and a ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy (80%). The impact of the availability of a minimally invasive surgical procedure on the number of patients referred for surgery seems to be considerable. Sixty-one percent of the participants would expand the indication for surgery if the operation could be done by a limited surgical approach. Conclusions In a relevant fraction of patients with pHPT, endocrinologists still do not regard curative therapy as mandatory. Surprisingly, there are significant cultural differences concerning referral patterns to surgery between the German-speaking and the French-speaking parts of Switzerland. Minimally invasive procedures seem to lower the threshold for referral for surgical therapy. This work was presented at the 2nd Biennial Congress of the ESES, May 2006, Krakow, Poland.     

有限手术配合分期外固定治疗胫腓骨远端骨折

20世纪90年代AO学者Gerber、Palmar等相继提出生物学固定(biological osteosynthesis,BO)的新概念以来,出现了以生物学固定为基础的经皮微创接骨板内固定技术,这一崭新的骨折治疗方法已逐渐应用临床并取得了优良的治疗效果[1-2]。自2005年1月-2006年4月采用微创锁定加压接骨板内固定治疗胫骨骨折18例,取得了良好的临床效果,现报告如下。1临床资料本组18例,男12例,女6例;左7例,右11例;年龄18~54岁,平均32岁。其中交通伤10例,跌伤4例,砸伤4例。合并同侧腓骨骨折15例。按AO长管状骨骨折的综合分类法:42-B1型5例,B2型6例,B3型2例;42-C1型2…     

Robotic surgery in gynecologic oncology: evolution of a new surgical paradigm

Robotic surgical platforms were first developed with telesurgery in mind. Conceptualized by NASA and the military to provide surgical expertise to remote locations, some telesurgical success has been documented, but progress has been held back by communication bandwidth limitations. Telepresence surgery, where the surgeon is in proximity to the patient but is provided with an ergonomic console equipped with three-dimensional vision and autonomous control of wristed laparoscopic surgical instruments and energy sources, has shown efficacy first in cardiac and then urologic cancer surgery. Interest is currently focused on the application of this technology in the field of gynecology, with techniques being described to perform simple hysterectomy, myomectomy, tubal anastomosis, and pelvic reconstruction procedures. This article will review the application of robotic- and computer-assisted surgery in the specialty of gynecologic oncology.     

小切口膝后内侧入路手术治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

自2001年3月-2005年10月共收治后交叉韧带损伤患者43例,其中后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者34例,经膝后内侧小切口手术治疗27例,效果良好。1临床资料本组27例,男19例,女8例;年龄23～48岁,平均34岁。致伤原因:摩托车伤22例,其他伤5例。合并半月板损伤14例,合并股骨下端和胫骨上